In the field of pharmacy, infrared spectrophotometry, particularly Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), has become an important analytical method, especially for determining the content of active substances in drug preparations. This method has many advantages, including rapid analysis, high precision, and non-destructive characteristics, as well as the ability to identify specific functional groups in chemical compounds. Based on a review of ten recent scientific articlesThe aim of this study is to provide an overview and analyze the use of the FTIR method in determining the drug content. The research results demonstrate that FTIR consistently provides results that meet the standards of the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia, with an accuracy above 99% and a precision (RSD) below 1%. Moreover, this method is highly reliable for analyzing various drug compounds, ranging from analgesics and antibiotics to other complex compounds, due to the high sensitivity indicated by the LOD and LOQ parameters. The FTIR method is also very useful in analysis.
 

This research aims to find out about sound and light materials. Researchers use qualitative research and this type of research is a descriptive method that groups people, an object, a condition, and an event. The descriptive method is a method that describes or analyzes a problem. Qualitative research is divided into 2, namely primary data through interviews and documentation, while secondary data through the books studied. The aim of this research is to analyze sound and light material which includes its properties and application in life. daily. The results of this research show that sound is a vibration that propagates as a wave through solid, liquid or gas media and sound is also defined as a series of waves of changes in density and sound pressure, while light is a wave that passes through a vacuum.

This research aims to analyze meta data related to the use of Photomath application as a computational implementation in the form of mathematical software, namely by looking at the research objectives that relate mathematical solutions using the application. This research used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. This systematic review identified 7 studies through the Google Scholar database published in 2020-2024. Data collection was carried out by collecting all articles related to the use of photomath in solving mathematical problems with selection criteria and using the PRISMA protocol as a research instrument guideline. The results showed that math software, namely photomath, can make it easier for students, especially those who are not proficient in learning math, this software can help solve math problems practically by taking pictures, this application can also be used as a virtual learning media, teaching materials related to many materials such as decimals, fractions, arithmetic, simple linear equations, algebra to simple calculus.

This research aims to identify lichens as bioindicators of air pollution in the area of ??the Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Campus, Bandung. Research was carried out to evaluate the amount and types of lichen present and to assess the air quality in the campus environment. In this research, observations were made of several types of lichens growing in various locations on campus. Observation results showed the presence of several types of lichens such as Dirinaria sp., Cryptothecia striata, Dirinaria picta, and Diploicia canescens. The number of colonies and morphological characteristics of each lichen type were identified to interpret the level of air pollution at each location. Observation results show that the campus has a variety of lichen types, each of which shows tolerance to different environmental conditions. Among the types found, Dirinaria sp. and Cryptothecia striata were found in relatively large numbers of colonies, while Dirinaria picta showed good adaptability even though it was found in small numbers, and Diploicia canescens indicated fairly polluted air conditions. Thus, this research concludes that lichens can be used effectively as bioindicators to monitor air quality around campus, with the number and diversity of lichen types providing an overview of overall environmental conditions.
 
 

Learning evaluation plays a central role in ensuring the success of the educational process, especially in mathematics learning at Vocational High Schools (SMK) that require integration between theory and practice. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the implementation of formative and summative evaluations at SMK N 6 Padang. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data was obtained through observations, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. The results show that formative evaluations are carried out systematically through essay tests, contextual quizzes, discussions, and observations of student participation. This evaluation can monitor learning progress, encourage active engagement, and strengthen students' conceptual understanding. Meanwhile, summative evaluations are consistently applied using multiple-choice questions that encompass low-order thinking skills (LOTS) to high-order thinking skills (HOTS). in line with the learning objectives and curriculum. Both forms of evaluation have proven to be very effective, based on teacher observations and feedback. Although not all aspects were followed up explicitly, the assessment mechanisms applied reflect the principles of modern evaluation that are adaptive, fair, and competency-based. It can thus be concluded that the evaluation is running very effectively at 88.88%, and the evaluation implementation at SMK N 6 Padang not only succeeded in measuring student achievement but also became an instrument to strengthen the quality of learning relevant to the demands of industry and the developments in 21st-century education.

Energy is the ability to do or change something. It can be found in various forms in everyday life, such as electrical energy flowing through cables, thermal energy produced by stoves, or kinetic energy generated by vehicles. Energy can also come from natural sources, such as the sun, wind, and water. This research aims to enhance students' ability to think critically in understanding the material on energy and its changes. This research uses a quantitative method; data were collected from 27 students through 10 questions discussing the concept of energy. Effective education not only helps students better understand what they are doing, but also prepares them to face environmental issues in the future. In addition, innovative learning methods such as project-based learning should be incorporated into the curriculum to build critical thinking skills. Therefore, it is expected that this research will help improve the energy education curriculum in elementary schools and encourage students to participate more actively in sustainability issues.

Efficient resource allocation is a major challenge in various sectors, especially when faced with limitations in quantity, time, and cost. This study aims to examine the application of linear programming as an optimization method in solving assignment problems, where a number of resources must be optimally allocated to a number of specific tasks. Through a literature study approach, this study examines various relevant previous study results, especially in the Indonesian context. The results of the study indicate that linear programming is able to improve operational efficiency, reduce costs, and produce a more balanced task distribution. However, this model has limitations in dealing with non-linear conditions and data uncertainty, so integration with other methods such as fuzzy logic or genetic algorithms is needed. This study is expected to broaden the understanding of the benefits of linear programming and encourage its wider application in quantitative-based decision making.

This research aims to determine the use of accounting information systems, viral marketing, and the tagline "free shipping" on online impulse buying among consumers. This research uses a quantitative type of research. The population in this study were students in Solo Raya. Sample selection used accidental sampling technique, with a sample size of 100 respondents. The data sources used are primary and secondary data. The data collection method uses a questionnaire or questionnaire. This research uses data analysis methods, namely descriptive statistical analysis, data quality testing, and classical assumption testing. The research results state that the accounting information system has a significant effect on online impulse buying among consumers, viral marketing has a significant effect on online impulse buying among consumers, and the tagline "free shipping" has a significant effect on online impulse buying among consumers.

The life insurance industry plays a strategic role in the national financial system, not only as a provider of protection against life risks such as premature death or critical illness, but also as an instrument of long-term fund accumulation. Increased public awareness of the importance of risk protection has driven significant growth in the number of active policies. This condition has a direct impact on the risk exposure of claims that must be carefully managed by insurance companies. One of the main challenges in risk management is to accurately estimate the number of claims in a certain period, to support premium setting, technical reserve planning, and maintain the company's financial stability. This study aims to examine the use of Poisson regression model in estimating the frequency of life insurance claims based on the number of active policies in life insurance company. The data used is simulative and represents an exponential relationship between the number of policies and claims. The model is analyzed using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) approach and evaluated through goodness-of-fit indicators such as deviance, Pearson chi-square, log-likelihood, and Mean Squared Error (MSE). The results of the analysis show that the Poisson regression model can capture the significant relationship pattern between the number of active policies and claims, and provide accurate prediction results. Thus, Poisson regression is proven to be a relevant and applicable statistical method in supporting strategic decision-making in insurance companies, especially in the context of data-driven risk management.

Digital transformation is a strategic solution to address manual recording problems still prevalent among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This community service activity was conducted at Toko Anugerah, an MSME located in Mangkang Wetan, Semarang City, which previously relied on handwritten transaction records. Through a participatory approach, the service team provided training and assistance in implementing a digital recording system using Google Spreadsheet. The results showed significant improvements in recording efficiency, data accuracy, and ease of information access. In addition, the store owner and staff also demonstrated increased digital literacy. This success confirms that simple and appropriate technology, supported by intensive mentoring, can effectively encourage MSMEs to undertake digital transformation.