This study is based on the problems faced by Grade XI students at SMKN 1 Ngabang, namely the lack of motivation for independent learning, which often leads to a less conducive classroom environment. Additionally, teachers have not yet implemented student-centered learning models in the teaching process. The aim of this study is to determine the improvement in students' independence and learning achievement through the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in the pastoral work material of the Church in the field of Liturgia. This classroom action research (CAR) was conducted in two cycles consisting of four stages: planning, implementation, evaluation, and reflection. The research subjects were 30 Grade XI students. Data were analyzed descriptively by comparing results between cycles. The focus of this study was on the dimension of independence, one of the profiles of Pancasila students, in order to enhance the affective aspect of learning. The results showed a significant improvement in students' independence, from 68% in the first cycle to 88% in the second cycle. In terms of cognitive aspects, students were categorized as advanced (30%), proficient (50%), and basic (20%). The improvement in learning outcomes between the first and second cycles indicates that the PBL model is effective in enhancing students' independence and academic performance. Reflections from this study recommend the need for continued support of students’ affective development to further strengthen their independent learning. In conclusion, the Problem Based Learning approach, when focused on the dimension of independence, has been proven to improve student learning outcomes in Grade XI.

The enjoyment and utilization of the environment is the right of the people of Indonesia as guaranteed under the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Therefore, the Government of the Republic of Indonesia issued Law Number 32 of 2009 on the Protection and Management of Environment (Environment Law) as the embodiment of the rights of the people of Indonesia to enjoy and utilize the environment. As time flew by, the execution of the Environment Law encountered issues due to violations toward said law, such as environment destruction in the form of land clearing by means of burning. Since the issuance of the Environment Law, violations have been carried out by several parties, including but not limited to law enforcers, business owners, and the people of Indonesia themselves. This research focuses on the prohibition toward environment destruction in the form of land clearing by means of burning as well as the reasons and the sociological factors affecting the effectiveness of the implementation of the environmental laws. This research is aimed to identify the main factors affecting the failure of the enforcement of the Environment Law as well as other environmental laws and regulations. In addressing the said issues, this research utilizes the normative legal research methodology towards secondary data consisting of environmental laws, analyzed using the qualitative data analysis methodology. In conclusion, ineffectiveness of Indonesian environment laws are due to weakness in its enforcement, ambiguity in its norms, and failure of Indonesian legal culture to adhere to its legal principles.

This study examines the role of women in development communication for the growth of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Garut Regency. Despite their significant contribution, women face various challenges, including limited access to capital, training, and technology. This study aims to analyze the role of women in implementing development communication to support MSME growth, identify key barriers hindering their participation, and evaluate the effectiveness of the diffusion of innovation approach in MSME training. A qualitative approach is employed, using in-depth interviews, observations, and literature reviews to collect data. The concept of development communication, particularly the participatory approach, is applied to analyze women's active roles in economic activities and decision-making. The findings indicate that effective communication and inclusive training can enhance women's empowerment in the MSME sector, although structural barriers remain. Improvements in training delivery and better access to resources are needed to support women's active participation in MSMEs.Penelitian ini mengkaji peran perempuan dalam komunikasi pembangunan untuk pengembangan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) di Kabupaten Garut. Meskipun kontribusi mereka cukup besar, perempuan menghadapi berbagai tantangan seperti keterbatasan akses terhadap modal, pelatihan, dan teknologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran perempuan dalam penerapan komunikasi pembangunan yang mendukung pengembangan UMKM, mengidentifikasi hambatan utama yang menghambat partisipasi mereka, serta mengevaluasi efektivitas pendekatan difusi inovasi dalam pelatihan UMKM. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dengan metode wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi pustaka untuk mengumpulkan data. Konsep komunikasi pembangunan, khususnya pendekatan partisipatoris, diterapkan untuk menganalisis peran aktif perempuan dalam kegiatan ekonomi dan pengambilan keputusan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi yang efektif dan pelatihan yang inklusif dapat meningkatkan pemberdayaan perempuan di sektor UMKM, meskipun hambatan struktural masih ada. Diperlukan perbaikan dalam penyampaian pelatihan serta akses yang lebih baik terhadap sumber daya untuk mendukung partisipasi aktif perempuan dalam UMKM.

Dengue fever in Indonesia is still classified as a serious disease because it has increased yearly from 2011 to 2013. This study aims to determine the difference in the effectiveness of various types of water in the queue as a trap for eggs of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Bukittinggi. This type of research is experimental. The test used is the Anova test because the data is not normal using the Mann-Whitney test. The research sample used a sampling technique. This study uses primary data which can be seen from the number of trapped Aedes Aegypti mosquito eggs. The results showed that between the straw bales using well water and mineral water, the p-value was (0.421)> ? (0.05), meaning that there was no difference between the straw-soaked line with well water and water mineral. Meanwhile, after a statistical test was carried out between the straw bales using mineral water and rainwater, the p-value was (0.008)> ? (0.05), (Ho was rejected, Ha was accepted), meaning that there was a difference between the straw-soaked anthers and mineral water and rainwater. Based on the results of various types of attractants on the number of Aedes aegypti mosquito eggs trapped in the applied science laboratory of the University of Fort De Kock, Bukittinggi, the straw-soaked extract with rainwater is more effective because it produces more eggs than the extract soaked in straw with well water and extract soaked in straw with mineral water.

LTE menyediakan kecepatan data hingga 100 Mbps pada downlink dan hingga 50 Mbps pada uplink. Kecamatan Kelayang merupakan salah satu tempat yang memiliki banyak pengguna LTE, karena lokasinya yang padat penduduk, khususnya di kawasan Peranap dan Bongkal Malang. Berdasarkan hasil drive test, ditemukanlah permasalahan yaitu mutu throughput, RSRP serta SINR yang kondisinya sangat kurang baik. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan simulasi optimasi menggunakan metode electrical tilt. Hasil throughput pada SITE_PERANAP_4G dan SITE_BONGKAL_MALANG 4G setelah optimasi meningkat menjadi 49.000 kbps. Hasil parameter RSRP pada SITE_PERANAP_4G dan SITE_BONGKAL_MALANG 4G setelah optimasi meningkat menjadi >= -70 dBm. Hasil parameter SINR pada SITE_PERANAP_4G dari nilai -20 dB meningkat menjadi 30 dB setelah optimasi. Sementara itu, pada SITE_BONGKAL_MALANG 4G dari nilai -20 dB meningkat menjadi 20 dB setelah optimasi.

Determining the price of option contracts is a crucial aspect of financial markets, particularly for investors aiming to manage risk and make informed investment decisions. In this study, the price of an Asian call option is calculated using the Monte Carlo Stratified Sampling method based on the stock price data of Tesla, Inc. (TSLA) from January 2021 to December 2023. This method has been proven to reduce variance compared to the Standard Monte Carlo simulation, leading to faster price convergence and more efficient results. The parameters used in the simulation include the initial stock price  (S_0), number of simulations (N), maturity time  (T)dividend = 0, risk-free rate (r), strike price ( K), and volatility

This study aims to examine the effect of Green Accounting, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Company Size as moderating variables on Profitability. The research method used in this research is quantitative method. Data collection techniques are carried out by documentation techniques. The population used in this study is the Basic Materials Sector Company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2023. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with the final sample being 53 sample companies. Data obtained by collecting annual financial report data and sustainability reports of Basic Materials Sector Companies on the website of each company. The data analysis technique used is simple regression analysis and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) which has previously passed the classical assumption test and hypothesis testing using the help of SPSS software version 26 for windows. The results showed that Green Accounting and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) had no effect and were not significant to Profitability, and company size could not moderate the effect of Green Accounting on Profitability and company size could not moderate the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) significantly on Profitability in basic materials companies.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have a vital role in the Indonesian economy, but still face various challenges in financial management. This study aims to analyze the application of management accounting practices in improving management efficiency in MSMEs in Garut Regency. Using a descriptive qualitative research method, the study involved three MSMEs namely Raran Cell, Ladu Bayongbong, and Jajanan Teh Oca as the main informants. Data were collected through interviews and observations with a focus on three aspects: organizing, capital decision-making, and implementation of management accounting practices. The results show that although the three MSMEs still use a simple organizing system, the application of management accounting practices has improved the efficiency of managing their businesses. This research contributes practically to improving efficiency and effectiveness in management accounting practices.

Tebes Lues Village, located in a mountainous area, holds great potential as a production center for high-quality Arabica coffee. Coffee products from this village have been recognized in various local and international markets, known for their distinctive aroma and unique taste. Nevertheless, the productivity and quality of coffee in Tebes Lues Village can still be improved through the improvement of more modern and targeted cultivation techniques, one of which is through the application of proper pruning and fertilization techniques. This study aims to look at the types of pruning and fertilization carried out in Tebes Lues village as an effort to increase Arabica coffee production. The research was conducted with descriptive method by making a questionnaire containing interview questions to get info from respondents (farmers) related. The results of this study obtained that the type of pruning done by tebes lues village farmers is production pruning and branch pruning (Bayonet) and treatment of roots by doing mechanical processing. Fertilizers used by farmers in an organic way are SS, Phoska, ZA and Urea while organic fertilizers used are coffee skin, livestock manure, coffee skin pulp. Coffee production increased for farmers who pruned and fertilized intensively and periodically.

Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh motivasi belajar dan ekspektasi karir (variabel independen) terhadap intensi melanjutkan studi lanjut (variabel dependen), dengan status sosial ekonomi orang tua sebagai variabel moderasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, populasi penelitian terdiri dari 381 mahasiswa pendidikan ekonomi angkatan 2020 di Universitas Negeri Semarang, dengan 160 responden dipilih melalui Proportionate Random Sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) dengan SmartPLS 3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model valid dan reliabilitas konstruk layak. Motivasi belajar berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap intensi melanjutkan studi lanjut, sementara ekspektasi karir memberikan pengaruh positif paling tinggi sebesar 70,9%. Status sosial ekonomi orang tua tidak berpengaruh terhadap intensi studi lanjut (19,9%), dan moderasi ekspektasi karir meningkatkan pengaruh menjadi 36,9%. Sebaliknya, moderasi motivasi belajar menghasilkan nilai negatif (-17%) dan tidak signifikan. Dari lima hipotesis, tiga diterima dan dua ditolak