Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is one of the world's important commodities as a producer of vegetable oil needed by various industries. Leaf area index is one of the indicators of plant growth seen from the size of the leaf surface area that carries out the photosynthesis process. This study aims to determine the interaction of NPK Phonska fertilizer dose treatment and its application method on the Leaf Area Index of oil palm seedlings at the pre-nursery stage. The study was designed using factorial RAK consisting of 2 factors, namely the dose of NPK Phonska fertilizer (K) and its application method (A), and 3 replications. The K factor consists of 5 levels, namely K0 = 0 g/seedling; K1 = 0.5 g/seedling, K2 = 1 g/seedling, K3 = 1.5 g/seedling, and K4 = 2 g/seedling. Factor A consists of 3 levels, namely A1 = watering, A2 = spreading, and A3 = bag. The observation results were analyzed using analysis of variance and further DMRT test at 5% level if significantly different. The results of the study showed that the dose of NPK Phonska fertilizer 1 g/seedling (K2) gave the highest results on the Leaf Area Index, which was 2.90. The interaction treatment of NPK Phonska fertilizer dose 1 g/seedling and the pocket application method (K2A3) gave the highest results on the parameters of seedling height (12.99 cm) and tuber diameter (1.31 cm). The Leaf Area Index weakened positively on the growth of oil palm seedlings as seen from the height of the seedlings, tuber diameter, and leaf sheath length.

The rapid growth of the city in Pulubala Urban Village, Gorontalo City, has resulted in pressure on the environment and the use of green open space (RTH). This study aims to analyse the use of green spaces in the residential area of Pulubala Village, which is inhabited by various ethnic groups. The method applied was descriptive qualitative, with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research findings indicate that RTH in Kelurahan Pulubala, covering an area of 0.50 Ha, consists of two categories, namely RTH Settlement Area and Smart Park. The benefits of RTH include play areas for children, social activities, and improved environmental quality. However, problems such as lack of space, poor condition, and environmental pollution threaten the sustainability of RTH. To optimise the utilisation of green spaces, better planning, increased public awareness, and the development of attractive facilities are needed. This research is expected to contribute to the preservation and development of green open spaces in urban areas.

 
In marketing, watermelon will undergo a marketing process and experience changes in prices at the producer level and prices at the end consumer, resulting in differences in the price of watermelon between producers and consumers. This makes marketing a very important activity. The aim of this research is to determine marketing channels, margins and marketing efficiency. The population in this study was 140 watermelon farmers. The sample was determined using the Slovin method, so that the selected respondents were 34 watermelon farmers and the sample of trader respondents was 5 people, namely 2 village collectors, 1 wholesaler and 2 retailers. The analytical tools used are descriptive analysis, margin analysis and efficiency analysis. The research results show that there are 2 marketing channel patterns for watermelon in Waihatu Village, namely: marketing channel I farmer-retailer-final consumer, while marketing channel II farmer-village collector-wholesaler-retailer-final consumer. The highest total marketing margin is in marketing channel I, namely IDR 2,000/kg, while the lowest total margin is in marketing channel II, namely IDR 1,000/kg. In conclusion, both marketing channels are classified as efficient, marketing channel II with an efficiency value of 12.21 percent and marketing channel I with the smallest efficiency value, namely 3.34 percent.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis risiko operasional yang timbul akibat ketidaktuntasan pekerjaan oleh karyawan di PT X, sebuah perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang teknologi informasi. Permasalahan ini bermula ketika beberapa pegawai diketahui tidak menyelesaikan pekerjaan sejak Oktober hingga April dan mengundurkan diri tanpa tanggung jawab, sehingga menimbulkan beban kerja yang menumpuk dan berdampak pada terganggunya alur operasional perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik wawancara mendalam kepada pihak-pihak terkait, seperti atasan, staf administrasi, dan teknisi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketidaktuntasan pekerjaan berdampak langsung pada penurunan efisiensi kerja, peningkatan beban lembur, serta kerugian finansial akibat keterlambatan penagihan jasa. Permasalahan ini diperparah oleh lemahnya sistem monitoring dan tidak adanya evaluasi kinerja secara berkala. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pentingnya evaluasi progres kerja, pembentukan sistem pengawasan internal yang ketat, serta pelatihan manajemen risiko bagi karyawan. Diharapkan temuan ini dapat menjadi acuan dalam penguatan sistem manajemen risiko operasional di perusahaan.

Musabaqah Tilawatil Qur’an (MTQ) is a strategic platform for youth development. However, the Syarhil Qur’an branch remains under-researched regarding its role in enhancing da’wah capacity among young people. This study aims to analyze the strategic role of Syarhil Qur’an in shaping young preachers grounded in Qur’anic values. Using a qualitative and phenomenological approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings indicate that the strategic role of Syarhil Qur’an in youth preacher development lies in its ability to integrate Qur’anic text mastery, thematic interpretation, and rhetorical skills in delivering contextual and relevant da’wah messages. The training process is carried out systematically through teamwork, in-depth understanding of verses, public speaking exercises, and the formation of Qur’anic leadership and spiritual character. The positive impact of Syarhil Qur’an optimization is reflected in increased self-confidence, critical thinking skills, and adaptability to social issues and digital developments. Recommendations for developing Syarhil Qur’an include curriculum reform based on contemporary issues, integrating digital media in training, enhancing trainer professionalism, and forming alumni communities as part of a sustainable da’wah ecosystem. Syarhil Qur’an cultivates young Qur’anic preachers who are communicative, critical, contextual, and prepared to face the challenges of modern da’wah.

In this paper, Fredholm integro-differential equations are solved using the derivative of the Lucas polynomials in matrix form. The equation is first transformed into systems of nonlinear algebraic equations using the Lucas polynomials. The unknown parameters required for approximating the solution of Fredholm integro-differential equations are then determined using Gaussian elimination. The method has proven to be an active and dependable technique for solving many Fredholm integro-differential equations of different order. The novelty in this technique is that it is capable of solving Fredholm integro differential equation of any order by simply updating the matrix of derivative of the Lucas polynomials also surprisingly the technique was tried on mix Fredholm-Volterra integro differential equation and the result obtained was amazing. Some test problems contained in the literature were solved using the developed technique and the results confirmed the applicability and efficiency of the method. The accuracy of the method was observed to be better when compared with some existing methods. 

Vegetative propagation is a crucial technique in horticultural cultivation aimed at improving plant quality and productivity. This study explores budding in citrus (Citrus spp.) and grafting in avocado (Persea americana Mill.) as methods of plant propagation. Budding involves attaching buds from superior varieties to compatible rootstocks, whereas grafting unites scions and rootstocks to obtain desirable traits. The research was conducted at the Horticulture Seed Center, observing the growth and success of plant unions. The results demonstrate that both techniques effectively enhance plant quality, with budding showing faster results in citrus and grafting improving avocado resilience to environmental conditions. This study provides guidance for farmers to select optimal propagation methods tailored to their plants' specific needs.

The main aim of this study was to examine the innovation in digital media-based Islamic teaching and learning: A study of senior high schools in Nigeria. This study critically investigated the use of digital devices to teach Islamic studies education and the challenges militating against using digital devices for teaching and learning Islamic studies education among senior high schools in Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was employed for the study. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 503 respondents as the sample size for this study. Researchers designed a questionnaire, tagged “Questionnaire on the Integration of Digital Tools for Teaching and Learning Islamic Studies in the Digital Era (QIDTTLISDE),” which was used to elicit information from the respondents for the study. The reliability of the instrument was assessed with a reliability index of 0.77. The study's findings revealed that Zoom, Google Meet, Facebook, LinkedIn, Coursera, TutorMe, Chegg Tutors, Udemy, and YouTube are digital tools used to teach Islamic studies among senior high schools in Nigeria. The study also revealed that the digital tools are to a very great extent used for learning and teaching of Islamic studies among high school students of Islamic studies in Nigeria and that limited accessibility and network connection, schools with insufficient instructional software, lack of technical expertise, unreliable power supply, lack of teachers’ competency and poor maintenance of digital tools in educational institutions as about material and non-material conditions are the challenges militating against the use of digital tools among senior high schools in Nigeria. It is concluded that using digital tools for teaching and learning of Islamic studies among senior high schools in Nigeria significantly enhanced the academic performance of senior high school students and simplified the teaching and learning process. Furthermore, the study recommended that the government provide more digital tools for teaching and learning Islamic studies in high schools in Nigeria

Youth is the driving force of all civilizations born in the culture of society. The state of maturity affects the mindset and behavior. Sensitivity is very high in sniffing out various problems of the surrounding reality. The effectiveness of this sense is what drives the sensitivity to make changes to overcome various conditions. Based on this phenomenon, researchers use Benedict Anderson's Imagined Communities as a tool for analysis. Anderson said that collective imagination or imagination will bring into a shared awareness. In addition, youth are the driving force, because they have the opportunity to change the conditions of their society. This study uses a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach. This is in line with the analysis that seeks to describe and explain the reality that exists within a scope of society.

Perusahaan MRB Supply merupakan UMKM supplier unggas yang melakukan supply ayam atau bebek ke restoran atau rumah makan, bisnis yang dijalankan masih relatif baru jadi masih butuh marketing ke restoran atau tempat makan untuk menjangkau pelanggan yang lebih banyak. Perusahaan memasok ayam yang dari Charoen Pokphand yang ada di wilayah Parung, Bogor. Persaingan yang semakin ketat membuat perusahaan harus giat mencari distributor untuk dapat melebarkan sayap bisnisnya. Kendala yang dihadapi adalah bisnis yang masih relatif baru sehingga pelanggan yang dipasok masih sedikit. Belum pahamnya inovasi bisnis dan cara dalam membangun bisnis menjadi masalah utama yang harus dipecahkan. Oleh karena itu, untuk dapat mengatasi permasalahan tersebut diperlukan adanya sosialisasi konsep dan strategi bisnis menggunakan pendekatan Business Model Canvas (BMC). Metode kualitatif dengan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dan Problem Solving adalah metode dalam pendekatan BMC untuk mendapatkan rancangan model bisnis di MRB Supply. Kegiatan sosialisasi ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman dan pandangan mengenai pentingnya penerapan BMC pada proses bisnis Perusahaan. Kegiatan sosialisasi ini membuat pihak Perusahaan untuk mengetahui, memahamil, dan dapat menerapkan prinsip BMC pada proses bisnisnya.