The rise of smart cities brings increased interconnectivity, but also new security vulnerabilities, especially among IoT devices. This study investigates methods for improving cybersecurity in smart cities by implementing IoT device management protocols. We examine approaches such as network segmentation and secure authentication to mitigate common threats, thus providing a safer environment for urban digital infrastructure.

The rapid advancement of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) technology necessitates robust authentication solutions to ensure security, scalability, and efficiency. This project, titled "Enhancing Security in Industrial IoT: Authentication Solutions Leveraging Blockchain," examines various blockchain-based authentication methods for IIoT and identifies their strengths and weaknesses. Despite the enhanced security and decentralized nature of blockchain, issues such as scalability, high latency, and computational load persist. To address these challenges, we propose the integration of Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) as a supplementary solution. MFA can distribute the authentication load, enhance flexibility and security, and reduce latency by utilizing quick-to-verify factors. Moreover, MFA ensures high availability and scalable storage and processing through cloud services, seamlessly integrating with existing systems to provide a superior user experience. This comprehensive approach not only mitigates the inherent limitations of blockchain technology in IIoT but also reinforces the overall security framework, ensuring resilient and efficient authentication mechanisms. The results demonstrate significant improvements in system performance and user satisfaction, establishing MFA as a viable enhancement to blockchain-based IIoT security solutions.

This research examines the role of language proficiency in determining academic success among international students. Using a case study approach, the study focuses on international students across several disciplines to assess the impact of language skills on academic performance, participation, and peer integration. Results demonstrate that language proficiency significantly correlates with academic outcomes and engagement levels, emphasizing the need for universities to provide targeted language support services.

This paper explores the Time-Based One-Time Password (TOTP) authentication mechanism enhanced with lightweight cryptographic algorithms, presenting it as an advanced solution to the limitations of traditional OTP systems. There are a lot of applications and systems where this mechanism is applied. For example, bank applications, e-commerce websites, access control system, healthcare system, etc. TOTP generates dynamic, time-sensitive passwords using the current time and a secret key processed through a cryptographic hash function, significantly improving security by reducing vulnerabilities to code reused and interception. The adoption of lightweight algorithms ensures that TOTP can be efficiently implemented on resource-constrained devices, such as those on the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. Despite its benefits, TOTP faces challenges including synchronization issues between client devices and servers, and a trade-off between computational efficiency and security strength. This paper discusses the implications of these challenges and evaluates how TOTP, with appropriate design considerations, can provide a robust, secure, and efficient authentication method suitable for various applications, from digital banking to IoT environments.

Dry Cabinet is a highly useful tool, looking at the highly advanced era and tools that require special conditions are very unfortunate if damage occurs. The optimal relative humidity used for camera lens storage ranges from 35% - 60%. Another example for items that require a certain humidity is medicines. Optimalization humidity for storing medicines is under 60%. This Dry cabinet design uses an ESP32 micro controller, there are supporting components for the HTU 21 D temperature sensor, LCD, relay, LED, 3 volts AMS Stepdown, and Push button. The purpose of this research is to make it easier for humans to store goods that require special monitoring of humidity. With HTU21D temperature and humidity meters, the temperature and humidity in the Dry Cabinet Room can be measured. The method in this study uses 3 stages of initiation of temperature recognition by the HTU21D sensor, then setting the desired set point, and has an output in main-taining the desired humidity. The results in this study, based on temperature and humidity testing, humidity can reach the optimal set point at 35% - 40% humidity, and takes 2 hours. When the heatsink is on the humidity will decrease and when the heatsink is off the humidity will increase. Range for the temperature in the dry cabinet room is 30 to 33 degrees Celsi-us.

Keywords: Dry Cabinet, ESP 32, HTU21D, Humidity, Temperature

ABSTRAK

Dry Cabinet merupakan alat yang berdaya guna tinggi, dengan melihat pada zaman yang sangat maju dan alat – alat yang membutuhkan kondisi khusus amat di sayang jika terjadi kerusakan. Kelembaban relatif yang optimal digunakan untuk penyimpanan lensa kamera berkisar antara 35% - 60%. Contoh lain untuk barang yang membutuhkan kondisi kelembaban tertentu ialah obat – obat tan, kelembaban yang optimal untuk menyimpan obat – Obata tan berkisar dibawah 60%. Rancangan Dry cabinet ini menggunakan micro controller ESP32, terdapat komponen pendukung sensor suhu HTU 21 D, lcd, relay, LED, Stepdown AMS 3 volts, dan Push button. Tujuan dari penelitian tersebut agar mempermu-dah manusia dalam menyimpan barang – barang yang membutuhkan pemantauan khusus terhadap kelembaban Dengan pengukur suhu dan kelembaban HTU 21 D, suhu dan kelembaban pada Ruang Dry Cabinet dapat terukur. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan 3 tahapan inisiasi pengenalan suhu oleh sensor HTU21D, kemudian pengaturan set point yang di inginkan, dan memiliki output dalam mempertahankan kelembaban yang diinginkan. Hasil dalam penelitian ini, berdasarkan pengujian suhu dan kelembaban yang dapat di pertahankan pada kelembaban 35% - 40% membutuhkan waktu selama 2 jam. Saat heatsink hidup kelembaban akan menurun dan saat heatsink mati kelembaban akan naik. untuk suhu pada ruang dry cabinet tersebut berkisar 30 hingga 33 derajat celsius.

The implementation of Parole is part of the guidance efforts based on the request of the convict, by considering the provisions of "Law Number 22 of 2022 concerning Corrections, and Government Regulation Number 31 of 1999 concerning Guidance and Guidance of Correctional Inmates, as well as several other implementing regulations. Parole is one of the objectives of the prisoner guidance system which is implemented based on the Correctional system. The goal is to prepare prisoners to be able to integrate with society in a healthy way and return to their role as free and responsible members of society. This process is subject to regulations such as the Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia Number 03 of 2018 concerning the Requirements and Procedures for Granting Remission, Assimilation, Visiting Family Leave, Parole, Leave Before Release, and Conditional Leave. This study aims to analyze the implementation of granting parole to recidivist prisoners in the Class IIA Correctional Institution (Lapas) of Gorontalo City. This study uses a normative-empirical research type in the non-judicial case study category, namely a case study conducted without any conflict, so it does not involve the court. The results of the study indicate that the process of granting parole for recidivist prisoners in Class IIA Penitentiary in Gorontalo City is still faced with various obstacles, including the lack of effective guidance, weak supervision, and inconsistent policies. In addition, there is a negative perception from the community towards granting parole to recidivists, which has an impact on their social reintegration. Based on these findings, it is necessary to review policies and improve guidance and supervision programs for recidivist prisoners to reduce the rate of recidivism and increase the effectiveness of parole as a tool for social reintegration.

Acts of sexual violence are a complex problem and a real threat, both physical and non-physical, that must be prevented and handled seriously, professionally and responsibly. However, the fact is that cases still continue to occur and the resolution of sexual violence cases has not met expectations. Sexual violence in question is non-physical sexual harassment, physical sexual harassment, forced contraception, forced marriage, sexual torture, sexual exploitation and electronic-based sexual violence.

 
This paper reviews the challenges encountered by second language learners in the  acquisition  and  utilization  of  collocations,  which  are  crucial aspects of proficient language use. Collocations refer to the habitual pairing or grouping of words  that  occur  together  frequently  in  natural  language.  The  research synthesizes findings from various studies conducted in the field, highlighting common difficulties experienced by learners across different proficiency levels and linguistic backgrounds. Key factors contributing to these challenges include differences  in  first  language  structures,  inadequate  exposure  to  authentic language use, limited awareness of collocational patterns, and difficulties in achieving  native-like  fluency.  Additionally,  pedagogical  implications  and effective  instructional  strategies  for  enhancing  collocational competence are discussed,  is to inform language instructors and curriculum developers in building more targeted and effective language learning materials and activities.This  research  is  divided  into  three  sections;  section  one  presents  the preliminaries   of   the   study.   Section   two   explains   the   meaning,   types, characteristics, and importance of the study. Section three will apply a test of collocation on the 4th stage of the college to know their weakness points in collocation. Finally, the conclusion is the research.

The purpose of this activity is to determine the success of the role of efforts to develop the Gorontalo Class IIA Penitentiary for prisoners, one of which is prisoners who have a high level of awareness so that there will be no repetition of narcotics crimes (narcotics recidivism). The research method used is a type of empirical legal research, namely the Sulatul Meltholm research method, which has the ultimate function of seeing law in a real sense and studying how law works in the social environment. The results of the research obtained on the role of Correctional Institutions in efforts to guide recidivist perpetrators of narcotics crimes in Gorontalo Class IIA Prisons have not been effective. The factors that hinder efforts to provide guidance to recidivist narcotics criminals are the lack of differences in guidance between narcotics recidivists and non-recidivist perpetrators, overcapacity in prisons, a lack of officers, and a low level of supervision. The author's suggestions for overcoming existing obstacles are to separate the guidance given to narcotics recidivists and non-recidivists, improve prison infrastructure, including adding officers, which can improve supervision in prisons.

In the complex era of globalization, the development of children's creativity and confidence is an important aspect in addition to intellectual intelligence. This research aims to activate the effectiveness of the Islamic New Year Celebration activities held at the Al Hidayah Mosque, Bukit Pereviewuan 1 Village, Hamlet 5 in July 2024 in increasing the creativity and confidence of TPQ children. Involving around 60 participants, the activities included calligraphy competitions, adhan, Muslim fashion shows, and memorization of short letters. The research methods used are socialization, observation, and implementation of activities. The results of the study show that this activity significantly increases children's creativity through various competitions that allow innovative and innovative expression. In addition, this activity also succeeded in increasing the confidence of the participants, which can be seen from their bolder and enthusiastic attitude in participating. This activity contributes to the development of children's learning abilities and character, strengthening their foundation as individuals with integrity and competitiveness. Activities like this are expected to be carried out continuously to support the holistic development of children in a positive environment and full of religious values.