The rapid evolution of Industry 4.0 has positioned Internet of Things (IoT) technologies as key enablers for smarter industrial operations, particularly in predictive maintenance and machine monitoring. This research proposes an innovative IoT-driven vibration monitoring system that addresses limitations in traditional approaches such as high costs, limited scalability, and insufficient real-time capabilities. Employing low-cost sensors, edge computing, and LoRaWAN-based communication, the framework enables efficient fault detection and operational analysis. Data from industrial machinery was collected over two months and analyzed using advanced signal processing and machine learning techniques to extract meaningful insights. The system demonstrated an accuracy rate of 92%, a detection latency of 150 milliseconds, and extended sensor life to 12 months, marking significant improvements over conventional methods. Furthermore, scalability tests showed stable performance across setups involving up to 500 sensors, even in challenging industrial conditions. This study also highlights cost reductions of 30% and a 25% decline in machine downtime, reinforcing its practical value for industrial applications. By delivering an adaptable, energy-efficient, and secure solution, this research advances the integration of IoT into industrial systems. It lays the groundwork for future enhancements, including real-world testing and multimodal data integration

Guarantee fiduciary guarantees play an important role in economic financing in Indonesia. However, implementation of fiduciary guarantee execution often leads to legal conflicts, especially the abuse of executorial power by creditors. Court Decision Constitutional Court Decision Number 18/PUU-XVII/2019 changes the execution mechanism to better protect the rights of debtors and emphasize the principle of justice. protect the rights of debtors and emphasize the principle of justice. This raises the need to reformulate Perkap No. 8/2011 to be relevant to the changes.changes. Research This research uses a normative method that analyzes the relevant laws and regulations related laws and regulations, the principles of justice, and their compatibility with social dynamics. The focus is to review the relevance and weaknesses of Perkap No. 8/2011 after the Constitutional Court Decision. The Constitutional Court's ruling limits unilateral execution and requires an acknowledgment of default or a court decision before execution. default or court decision before execution is carried out. This increases the protection of debtors' rights, but also adds procedural burdens for creditors. for creditors. The reformulation of Perkap No. 8/2011 is necessary to ensure that execution is more fair and lawful. The reformulation should include mechanisms that prioritize legality, protection of debtor rights, and oversight of abuse. monitoring against abuse. Synergy between the court, the police, and related parties need to be strengthened to create a balanced and transparent legal ecosystem and transparent.

The representation of women in politics has become a much discussed issue along with the development of political access. Various factors are the cause of this, including religious factors. The purpose of this study is to be able to determine and analyze women's political rights in the perspective of Islamic law. This study was conducted using the type of normative legal research with two types of approaches, namely the statutory approach (Statute Approach) and conceptual approach (Conceptual Approach). Based on research that researchers have done, the results obtained that islam recognizes the existence of women's political rights and the importance of the role of women in public life and its impact on political life.

The preparation of the Village Budget is carried out by involving the community through village deliberations. After being approved by the village deliberation, the Village Budget is then submitted to the Village Consultative Body (BPD) to be stipulated as a village regulation. After being enacted, the Village Budget can be used as a reference in implementing development activities and public services in the village. This research is a type of qualitative research with the aim of finding out evidence related to the preparation of the village budget and income whether or not it is in accordance with Village Regulation No. 9 of 2022 concerning the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget. This type of research method is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The results of this study indicate that the preparation of the Village Budget and the implementation of the Village Budget are in accordance with Village Regulation No. 9 of 2022.

Law No. 19 of 2013 on the Protection and Empowerment of Farmers aims to improve farmers' welfare through various programs, including fertilizer subsidies. However, the distribution of subsidized fertilizers often faces issues such as misallocation, delays, and misuse. The Farmer Card (Kartu Tani), an innovation to facilitate the distribution of subsidized fertilizers, has significant potential to address these problems. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Farmer Card in the distribution of subsidized fertilizers, identify the challenges faced by farmers in its use, and propose solutions for the optimization of the Farmer Card. Using a descriptive qualitative approach through literature review, this study finds that the main challenges include technical issues, lack of socialization, bureaucratic hurdles, and farmers' distrust of new technology. Proposed solutions include enhancing technological infrastructure, providing intensive training for farmers, and simplifying administrative procedures. The study's results indicate that improvements in these aspects can enhance the effectiveness and transparency of subsidized fertilizer distribution through the Farmer Card.

The defence and security of the Indonesian state is a very crucial thing in the practice of the state so that it requires a component of citizens to participate in efforts to maintain state security in addition to the Indonesian National Army (TNI) and the Indonesian National Police (Polri), the Supporting Component is needed in efforts to defend and secure the state but in practice the community thinks that it is contrary to Human Rights (HAM). The purpose of this study is to carefully examine and analyse the Establishment of the Reserve Component as a State Supporting Defence Viewed from a Human Rights Perspective. The legal research method used is normative juridical legal research method by conducting research on library materials and using a statute approach. The results of the research are that in the Indonesian constitution, the rights and obligations to defend the country by citizens have been regulated through the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Law No. 3 of 2023 concerning State Defence, Law No. 23 of 2019 concerning Management of National Resources for State Defence, as well as the embodiment of patriotism in the state that can be carried out by a citizen who is then made by the Indonesian Government a state defence system in order to support national defence, namely by implementing a Reserve Component system stipulated in the PSDN Law and the formation of the Reserve Component is not an element of coercion or a form of human rights violation.

This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of foreign exchange risk management in the financial management of multinational corporations (MNCs). Currency exchange rate fluctuations between the countries in which MNCs operate can have a significant impact on the company's finances. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach using a literature review. Data was collected through a comprehensive search of relevant sources such as academic journals, books, and research reports. The results of this study reveal that foreign exchange risks are influenced by factors such as exchange rate fluctuations, political and economic stability, as well as microeconomic factors. MNCs employ various tools and techniques for foreign exchange risk management, including forward contracts, foreign exchange options, and foreign exchange hedging.

This journal analyzes the challenges faced by Small, Micro and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in developing global supply networks. In an era of increasingly connected globalization, MSMEs have great potential to access global markets, however, they also face a number of complex obstacles. The main challenges discussed in this journal include limited resources and capital which limit the ability of MSMEs to compete in a competitive global market. . In addition, differences in international trade policies, regulations, and compliance with international standards are crucial factors that influence the global supply network of MSMEs. Developing a global supply network has become a priority for Small, Micro, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in facing challenges in increasing their presence in an increasingly connected global market. However, MSMEs often face a number of significant obstacles in their efforts to develop global supply networks. This article investigates the key challenges faced by MSMEs in the context of developing global supply networks, focusing on aspects such as limited financial resources, regulatory complexity and technological limitations. Through a synthesis of financial management, supply chain, entrepreneurship, and international marketing theories, this article explores the impact of these challenges on the ability of MSMEs to develop their global supply networks.
 

International trade is a means for exchanging international goods and services, and international trade policies are determined by both developed and developing countries. Political factors have a significant influence on international trade policy, both in terms of protecting domestic industry, encouraging exports, and privileges for developing countries. Global issues also play an important role in the formation of international trade policies by developed countries, such as free trade, sustainable development, and environmental protection. However, developed countries also face challenges in managing international trade relations, including balancing domestic economic and political interests and pressure from developing countries. Political factors also influence the direction and success of a country's international trade. Therefore, a good understanding of politics in international trade is very important in forming sustainable and profitable policies for a country.

With the opportunity to compete in an open global market, and the existing potential that has not been utilized properly, the competitiveness of global companies becomes very tight. Competition is natural, because competition creates the color and impression of competition in business competitions. With competition, we can also find out how far we can survive in the path we are on. With competitiveness we can also find out things for evaluation. However, we will pin this victory in terms of financial management. Therefore, the aim of this research is to find out how international financial management strategies can increase the competitiveness of global companies. This research uses a qualitative methodology by obtaining data from literature studies using secondary data, which is completed by completing a literature review and concluding the article. The result is that the strategy that can be used and applied in this case during competition is determining the composition of capital because after planning and forecasting are made, the capital structure can be decided, followed by a mixture of debt and equity which is used to finance future profitable investment opportunities, so with this the company Don't be afraid and don't lose in the competition because you already have provisions for the future now