Crude Palm Oil (CPO) contains ?-carotene as source of pro-vitamin A. Alternative adsorbent that can be used to adsorb ?-carotene is Palm Oil Fly Ash (POFA). This study aims to determine the ability of POFA activated with H3PO4 and Cu/Zn impregnation to adsorb ?-carotene from CPO to obtain characteristics data of modified POFA and its ability to adsorb ?-carotene. The main materials used were CPO and POFA. The parameters observed were the characterization and performance test of 9% H3PO4-activated POFA produced at various heating times for 90, 150, and 210 minutes with Cu/Zn impregnation. BET analysis showed the POFA with heating time of 90 minutes had the largest surface area of 19.4785 m2/g, XRD showed the presence of CuO, ZnO, quartz, and SiO2 diffraction patterns, FTIR showed that the POFA contained O-H groups, O-H, Si-H, Al-O, asymetric Si-O, and Si-O-Si bending vibrations, and SEM-EDX results showed that POFA has hollow pores and a rough spherical surface. Based on the results of UV-Vis Spectrophotometry analysis, the most optimal result was obtained in the ?-carotene adsorption process with POFA-modified 2 variations of activation heating time for 150 minutes, which succeeded in adsorbing 86% of ?-carotene.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of using the Kahoot! application as a tool for student learning evaluation at the elementary school level. Using a literature review method, the researchers analyzed various relevant journals and scientific articles to assess the advantages, limitations, and impacts of Kahoot in the evaluation process. The findings indicate that Kahoot effectively enhances student motivation and participation, improves learning outcomes, and facilitates teachers in conducting interactive and enjoyable assessments. This application also supports the integration of online learning and can be flexibly used across multiple platforms. However, several challenges remain, such as limited internet access and the lack of ICT competence among teachers. Therefore, institutional support in the form of training and infrastructure provision is necessary to optimize the use of Kahoot in the learning process.

Media pembelajaran merupakan salah satu faktor yang sangat penting dalam menentukan tingkat keberhasilan suatu proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas VII MTs Negeri 1 Sidoarjo sebelum dan sesudah penerapan media pembelajaran ICT. Jenis pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif jenis eksperimen dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui pre-test dan post-test. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan One-Grup Pretest- Posttest Design yang diimplementasikan hanya pada satu kelompok saja yang dipilih secara acak dan tidak dilakukan tes kestabilan juga kejelasan keadaan kelompok sebelum diberi perlakuan. Hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji non parametrik yaitu uji Wilcoxon yang menghasilkan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,001 di mana nilai tersebut lebih kecil dari 0,05. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kenaikan antara nilai pre-test dan post-test yang berarti terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar siswa sebelum dan sesudah penggunaan media pembelajaran.

This study analyzes the effectiveness of an inclusive learning model in sports matriculation to increase the active involvement of 3T students in college. This model is implemented through an experience-based approach, social interaction, and adaptation strategies designed. The research method uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observations, documentation, and questionnaires to measure the level of student involvement. The results of the study indicate that the inclusive learning model increases student participation in discussions, group work, and practice-based activities. Students experience increased social skills, especially in communication and teamwork. Student self-confidence also increases along with the implementation of learning strategies that encourage their active involvement. In terms of understanding the material, practice-based and experimental methods are proven to be more effective than conventional lectures. This study provides insight into the importance of an inclusive approach in sports matriculation to increase the involvement of 3T students in college.

This study aimed to determine the effect of audio visual learning media towards basketball shooting outcomes among students at SMP Negeri 2 Kawunganten. Using a quantitative experimental approach with a pretest-posttest control group design, the study involved 32 students, divided into an experimental group and control group. The experimental group received audio visual learning media containing basketball shooting techniques, while the control group received traditional learning methods. Data was collected through a basketball shooting test, conducted at a 4 meter distance with 10 shooting attempts. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality tests, homogeneity test, and an Independent t-test. The findings revealed a significant improvement in the experimental group, with the pre-test average score of 3.36 and post-test average score of 7.00. In contrast, the control group showed a less significant improvement, with a pre-test average score of 3.25 and a post-test average score 4.56. The Independent t-test showed a significant difference in the shooting results between the experimental and control groups (Sig. = 0.001 < 0.05). This indicates that audio visual learning media had a positive effect on improving basketball shooting outcomes. It is concluded that audio visual learning media can significantly enhance basketball shooting skill in students at SMP Negeri 2 Kawunganten.

This study aims to understand the influence of emotions, especially anxiety and motivation, on the chemistry learning process. This study uses a qualitative approach with a phenomenological method, involving seven students from various levels of education. Students of the class of 2024 experience academic anxiety related to their choice of major, inability to attend lectures, and uncertainty about the future. Meanwhile, final year students face anxiety about completing their studies and the challenges of entering the workforce. The results of the study show that excessive anxiety has an impact on low student engagement in learning, especially in class discussions and problem solving. Students with high anxiety tend to rely on passive learning methods and have difficulty understanding chemistry concepts in depth. In contrast, high motivation plays a role in increasing academic engagement, building better conceptual understanding, and encouraging students to be more active in finding solutions to learning difficulties. These findings emphasize the importance of learning strategies that can reduce academic anxiety and increase student motivation. A more interactive learning approach and emotional support from the academic environment have the potential to create a more effective and productive learning experience. Thus, this study provides insights for educational institutions to design more adaptive strategies in improving the quality of chemistry learning.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of cognitive load reduction strategies in improving 3T students' understanding of the concept of stoichiometry. Students from 3T areas often have difficulty in understanding chemical concepts due to limited access to quality learning resources and challenges in numeracy. Therefore, this study applies a cognitive load reduction strategy that includes material segmentation, scaffolding, concept visualization, and the use of analogies and real contexts in stoichiometry learning. The research method used is a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. The subjects of the study consisted of 3T students who were divided into experimental groups and control groups. Data were collected through a stoichiometry understanding test, a cognitive load questionnaire, and in-depth interviews. The results of the analysis showed that the experimental group experienced a significant increase in posttest scores compared to the control group. In addition, students in the experimental group showed a higher level of understanding retention and a reduction in misconceptions after the implementation of the cognitive load reduction strategy. This study provides evidence that the cognitive load reduction strategy can improve the effectiveness of stoichiometry learning by reducing students' cognitive load. The implications of this study suggest that this approach can be applied more widely in chemistry teaching to improve students' conceptual understanding and numeracy skills. Thus, the results of this study can be the basis for the development of more innovative and adaptive teaching methods for students with diverse educational backgrounds.

This study explores high school students' perceptions and awareness of human rights violations (HRV) on social media. Using a mixed-method approach involving interviews and questionnaires with 100 students from five schools in Pekanbaru, the research reveals that the majority of students recognize various HRV issues such as hate speech, cyberbullying, discrimination, and privacy violations, and understand their impacts. Approximately 75% of students feel responsible to report HRV incidents, though some hesitate due to fear or perceived helplessness. While most students are familiar with the term HR, only 60% can accurately define protected rights like privacy and freedom from bullying. The average awareness score is 7.5 out of 10, influenced by socio-economic background and parental education. Findings indicate that 70% have witnessed hate speech, 55% have experienced or observed cyberbullying, and 60% acknowledge that spreading hoaxes infringes on the right to information. A significant majority (85%) agree that HR education should be integrated into school curricula. Despite high awareness levels, students' understanding of the boundaries and consequences of digital expression remains limited, highlighting the need for ongoing educational interventions and curriculum development in digital ethics and human rights. The study emphasizes the importance of continuous literacy programs and recommends further research with broader geographic scope and qualitative methods to deepen understanding.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor pendukung penguatan berpikir kritis peserta didik melalui penerapan model pembelajaran seminar socrates. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian studi kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu 1) Guru Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaran MAN Purbalingga, 2) Peserta didik kelas XI MAN Purbalingga. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara, obervasi, dan dokumentasi. Keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa panduan wawancara, lembar observasi dan checklist dokumen. Analisis data menggunakan model Miles, Huberman & Saldana yaitu kondensasi data, penyajian data dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu 1) membuat dan mendesain pembelajaran menjadi menarik, 2) keterbatasan pengetahuan peserta didik, 3) Standar kompetensi yang dasar pada peserta didik. Saran dari penelitian ini adalah guru Pendidikan Pancasila diharapkan dapat memberikan pembelajaran yang interaktif dan tidak mengacu kepada buku paket, memiliki kerjasama dan porsi yang sesuai kebutuhan. Sedangkan peserta didik lebih aktif dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan. 

Emotional intelligence (EI) is an important psychological foundation in modern leadership practice. Leaders who have high EI tend to be able to understand and manage their own and others' emotions effectively, allowing for the implementation of a more adaptive and positive leadership style. Transformational leadership, for example, relies heavily on the leader's ability to show empathy, build intrinsic motivation, and provide individual attention to subordinates. EI strengthens these capacities and encourages leaders to create harmonious and inspiring working relationships. On the other hand, leaders who are low in EI tend to be authoritarian or use a rigid transactional leadership style, which has a negative impact on employee satisfaction and performance. Leadership effectiveness, in this context, is determined not only by the style used, but also by the emotional quality of the leader in executing the style. Therefore, the integration of EI and leadership style contributes directly to the achievement of organizational goals through increased individual performance, loyalty, and a productive work climate. Thus, the development of EI is a strategic need in today's leadership training and development.