National defense is a concept regulated in a country's legislation, which refers to the patriotic attitude of individuals and groups in the context of citizenship. This study aims to explore the application of the concept of national defense, especially in the context of Pancasila education learning among elementary school students. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method with a literature study approach as a data collection technique. The results of the study indicate that Pancasila education learning has an important role in increasing awareness of national defense among elementary school students. Seeing the low level of public understanding, especially among students, regarding the importance of national defense, prevention efforts can be made by providing education through Pancasila Education subjects. In this lesson, students will be taught about the basic values ??of national defense, so that the threat of radicalism to the younger generation can be suppressed early on starting from elementary school level. Sustainable national defense can be carried out through education, training, and socialization in schools to strengthen the foundation of the Indonesian State.

This research discusses interesting Natural Sciences (IPA) learning strategies for elementary school students in the digital era. With the development of technology, the use of digital media such as animated videos, learning applications, and 3D simulations has become an effective solution in improving students' understanding of science concepts. The research method used is a literature study by analyzing various literature related to the application of technology in science learning. The results of the study show that the integration of digital media can increase students' learning motivation as well as learning effectiveness. However, challenges such as limited infrastructure and teacher readiness are still obstacles in its implementation. Therefore, training for educators and facility support is needed so that the use of digital technology in science learning can run optimally.

This study aims to study the results of the application of digital media in overcoming the lack of concentration of students' interest in learning Social Sciences (IPS) in Elementary Schools. In IPS lessons there are various sciences about social and society, of course it is important to learn. The method used is a case study with a qualitative approach involving homeroom teachers and students. The results of the data obtained were taken by interviewing teachers and students involved in SDN 02 Situjuah Ladang Laweh, then data through direct observation results in the field along with documentation of teacher teaching to students. The results of this study have a fairly good impact on students, because teachers can combine learning with digital media that are currently developing. For example, such as showing interactive animated videos that can help students to concentrate on learning compared to previous teaching methods, interactive quizzes as evaluation results that can help improve students' understanding in understanding the material. Thus, the use of digital media has a good influence on the concentration of students' interest in learning IPS which can make students actively contribute to learning.

This study aims to determine the impact of the use of textbooks on the learning interests of grade IV students of SDN 01 Gunung Tuleh in the subject of Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS). This study uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques through observation and interviews. The results of the study indicate that most students are less interested in learning IPAS whose main learning sources come from printed books. Several factors that cause low student learning interest include the lack of variation in teaching methods used by teachers and the lack of relevance of the material to students' daily lives. Based on these findings, it is recommended that teachers use more varied, interactive, and innovative teaching materials, as well as materials related to students' daily experiences to increase their involvement and motivation in learning IPAS. With a more interesting and relevant approach, it is hoped that students' interest in learning IPAS can increase significantly.

Speaking skills are very important skills for students to master in an era of increasingly high demands. However, there are still many students who experience difficulties in speaking. The main factor that influences speaking ability is the level of self-confidence in students. The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of self-confidence on students' speaking abilities and to find ways to overcome these problems. The research method used is a qualitative method using interview data collection techniques and literature studies. Interviews were conducted with teachers to obtain empirical data regarding the relationship between self-confidence and students' speaking abilities, while literature studies were used to strengthen the findings with relevant theories. The research results show that students with high self-confidence will actively speak and be able to express their ideas and opinions clearly. Meanwhile, students with low self-confidence will find it difficult to speak to express their thoughts or have the courage to speak in public. Speaking skills greatly influence students' activity during the learning process so that if left untreated it will hinder their academic and social development.
 
 

Speaking skills are one of the important factors in building students' confidence. Good speaking skills allow students to express ideas, opinions and feelings clearly and effectively. High confidence in speaking can also support students' academic and social success. This study aims to analyze the role of speaking skills as a supporting factor for high school students' self-confidence. The method used is aqualitative method of interview data collection. The results showed that speaking skills are needed in low grade students as well as high grade students. Speaking skills also support students' confidence in their social interactions. This proves that speaking skills are very important in supporting the confidence of elementary school students.

One of the conditions for achieving learning objectives is the achievement of satisfactory grades from students. Educators must be able to use learning models so that students are active not passive. The learning model is a learning process from start to finish. The model that educators can apply is the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. The PBL model is one of the learning models where students are given real problems and students must be able to find solutions by finding a way out. The implementation of the learning model must be accompanied by media. The learning media that can be used is Canva. Canva is an audio-visual based learning media. Canva utilization can be applied to higher grade Pancasila Education. The application of the PBL model with Canva media in Pancasila Education for classes IV, V and VI found learning problems that still apply teacher centered methods and lack of media which makes learning outcomes low. The research method used is a qualitative method with literature study data collection. The results showed that the use of the PBL model with Canva-based learning media for Pancasila Education in high grades can make student learning outcomes change and improve. Changes and improvements can occur because in the PBL model learning is not teacher centered but student centered which makes students have to think critically, creatively and actively in solving a given problem.