This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of grape leaf extract to chitosan edible coating on vitamin C and phenolic content of red grapes on day 0 and 7 storage at room temperature. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four concentrations of grape leaf extract (0%, 3%, 4%, and 5%). Measurement of vitamin C and phenolic content was done using UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. The results showed that the addition of grape leaf extract significantly increased the vitamin C content of grapes both on day 0 and day 7, with the highest level found in the 5% treatment. Phenolic content increased at 3% concentration on day 0 but decreased at 3% concentration on day 7. Two Way Anova statistical test showed a significant effect of extract concentration and storage time on vitamin C and phenolic content. The addition of grape leaf extract into chitosan edible coating was effective in maintaining vitamin C and phenolic content and extending the shelf life of grapes at room temperature. These findings support the potential use of natural materials as plant-based preservatives in food coating systems.

The rapid development of technology has led to a transformation in gambling practices, shifting from physical establishments to online platforms. However, law enforcement in Indonesia continues to struggle with multiple challenges in addressing this issue. This research aims to assess the enforcement of online gambling laws based on Lawrence M. Friedman’s legal system theory. It focuses on how legal structure, legal culture, and legal substance interact in the enforcement process.  The findings demonstrate that, first, in terms of legal substance, existing regulations are not yet fully effective in combating online gambling. Second, from the perspective of legal structure, law enforcement agencies face persistent challenges in combating online gambling. Third, from the perspective of legal culture, public legal awareness remains relatively low.

Currently, there are many cases of unclear child identity status, such as for adopted children. The importance of a birth certificate issued immediately after delivery is to provide the authentic identity details of the child, which are vital for establishing the child’s origin. Some key points regarding adopted children are that adoption does not sever the biological relationship between the child and their birth parents. An adopted child has the same rights as a biological child, such as having a birth certificate and being included in the Family Card. However, an adopted child does not inherit from their adoptive parents unless specified by a will or a mandatory will. Medical personnel are required to issue a birth certificate that reflects the actual circumstances, as this will impact the child's rights in the future. A birth certificate contains information such as the date, time, and place of birth, gender, weight, and the names of the parents. According to Law No. 35 of 2014, Article (1), an individual's identity must be established at birth, and Article (2) states that the identity is documented in a birth certificate. The state, government, society, family, and parents are all obligated to ensure the protection of children, as they are physically and psychologically vulnerable, immature, and still in need of protection.

Indonesia, as a country with a pluralistic legal system, faces challenges in harmonizing customary law and state law, particularly in resolving disputes over customary land that involve traditional values of indigenous communities. This study aims to analyze how customary values are integrated with state law through a case study of court decision Number 94/Pdt.G/2022/PN Jap. The research employs a qualitative approach with content analysis techniques applied to court decision documents, supported by relevant literature reviews. The findings reveal that the court in this case not only applied positive legal norms but also considered relevant customary aspects, including the legitimacy of indigenous leaders and the recognition of communal land rights (ulayat). The panel of judges issued a decision that accommodated customary values in accordance with Article 18B paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution, while still adhering to the formal procedures of state law. This study identifies challenges in integrating customary law into the national legal system, such as the lack of formal regulations related to customary courts and the limited understanding of legal officers regarding local cultural contexts.

Notaries have a crucial role in making the deed of establishment of a limited liability company which is the basis for the existence of a legal entity. However, in practice, deeds containing false data are often found, causing legal problems related to the liability of the parties involved. This research aims to analyse the application of the piercing the corporate veil doctrine to limited liability companies established with false data as well as the notary's responsibility in such cases. The research method used is normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches. The results show that the doctrine of piercing the corporate veil can be applied when there is evidence of abuse of the legal entity, so that the responsibility shifts to the owner or management. In addition, notaries who are negligent or intentionally allow forgery can be held civil, administrative, and criminal liabilities. Therefore, notaries must apply the precautionary principle in making deeds to avoid legal consequences.

This study explores the concept of Ethno-Eco-Design as a strategic approach to empower literapreneur start-ups in the screen printing and apparel industry in Semarang. Based on preliminary surveys and related studies, these start-ups face two major challenges in 21st-century entrepreneurship: low ecological awareness in their production and business practices, and limited market segmentation, particularly in reaching millennial consumers. Using a participatory action research method, this study examines how the integration of local cultural elements (ethno-design) with environmentally friendly design practices (eco-design) can enhance the sustainability and market relevance of these start-ups. As a result, a design framework was developed that not only supports green entrepreneurship (ecopreneurship) but also expands the literacy and creative capacity of young business actors in a competitive and environmentally conscious market.

The movement of gold prices, which has continued to increase over the past year, is one of the backgrounds for this research. This research aims to determine the influence of financial behavior, income and lifestyle on gold investment decisions in the sales marketing of Toko Mas Jawa Solo Area. This research uses a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires with a sample of 71 respondents, obtained using a saturated sampling technique. Research data was processed using SPSS, where hypothesis testing was analyzed using the t test and multiple linear regression analysis.

Financial statements are an important means of communicating financial information from accounting activities and assisting decision making. General Financial Accounting Standards are often considered too complex for entities without public accountability, so that SAK ETAP is present as a simpler solution. This study aims to analyze the application of SAK ETAP in presenting financial statements at the Nur Insani Sharia Savings and Loans and Financing Cooperative. The method used is descriptive qualitative with analysis of cooperative financial statement documents. The results of the study indicate that the cooperative has attempted to implement SAK ETAP, but several shortcomings were still found, such as incomplete notes on financial statements and inconsistencies in account classification. This study recommends improving staff understanding and completeness of reports according to standards to support transparency and accountability of cooperatives.

This research explores the impact of financial literacy, daily interest rates, and digital transaction tracking on university students’ personal financial management, specifically among SeaBank users. The study is motivated by the growing reliance on digital banking among students, which does not always translate to sound financial practices. Employing a quantitative method with a correlational design, the research involved 100 students from the Faculty of Economics and Business, Slamet Riyadi University Surakarta, selected through purposive sampling. Data were obtained via a structured questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The findings reveal that each independent variable—financial literacy, daily interest, and digital transaction recording—exerts a significant and positive effect on students' personal financial management, both individually and collectively. These results emphasize the value of financial education and the effective use of digital banking features in fostering responsible financial behavior among students.

Gramedia Digital is a platform that provides electronic book services widely used by the Indonesian public. However, in its operation, users often encounter issues such as frequent application crashes, slow content access, and unresponsive checkout processes. These problems indicate inefficiencies in handling information technology (IT) service incidents. This study aims to apply the RACI model (Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed) to map out the roles and responsibilities of each party involved in the IT service issue resolution process in the Gramedia Digital application. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. The analysis shows that the implementation of the RACI model can clarify task distribution among teams, reduce work duplication, and improve the effectiveness of incident handling. These findings provide recommendations to strengthen the IT service management structure at Gramedia Digital, particularly in the aspect of responding to service disruptions.