Study was to emit various strategies to develop buffalo cattle in a semi-intensive rearing system at BPTU HPT Siborongborong. Primary data, collected through observation, focus group discussion (FGD), and secondary data, collected through relevant reports and literature. Development potential, challenges and opportunities were identified using desirability evaluation, descriptive analysis and SWOT. The results show that the semi-intensive system implemented has improved animal productivity, with adult buffaloes averaging 500 kilograms in weight and 0.7 kilograms in daily growth. The system also offers significant economic benefits, with an average net profit of IDR 800,000 for each head each month. However, a lack of protected human resources and seasonal forage shortages remain constraints. Feed diversification, farmer training and analysing the use of advanced technology are the plans made based on SWOT. The Siborongborong semi-intensive system has a great opportunity to become an example of effective and sustainable buffalo management in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyzes the management of beef cattle maintenance in Pematang Sijonam Village, Perbaungan District, using a survey method through interviews and observations of farmers. Data includes maintenance techniques, feed quality, livestock health, and management practices that affect productivity. The results show that farmers are still using traditional techniques and facing obstacles in providing quality feed and managing livestock health. Factors such as farmer knowledge, skills, resource availability, and government support greatly affect the success of maintenance management. To increase the productivity and welfare of farmers, it is necessary to increase knowledge and skills through training, as well as government support in providing adequate resources and maintenance facilities.

Food waste is becoming an increasingly significant global issue along with food loss and waste, consumers throw away 31% of the food they have purchased, a third of the total food produced globally or around 1.3 billion tons of food that can be consumed including fresh vegetables, fruit. , meat, bread and dairy products are lost along the supply chain. Food waste has many negative social, economic and environmental impacts. The household sector is one area that contributes to a significant amount of food waste. Household behavior is considered the biggest contributor to food waste. wasted (Food Waste), behavior shows significant differences in producing food waste produced by households, Sanggau Regency also experiences problems with food waste, this cannot be separated from the geographical conditions of the area which borders directly with the Malaysian region which makes the mobility of goods difficult. easier, thus making the community's consumptive factor increase as evidenced by the continued increase in public demand for food products produced by the people of Sanggau Regency every year. This research aims to identify household consumption behavior regarding the behavior of throwing away food (food waste) in border areas of the Regency. Sanggau and determine the influence of socio-demographic, socio-economic factors and household consumption behavior on food waste behavior in the border areas of Sanggau Regency. The research method used in this research is descriptive statistics. The sample in this study was 100 respondents representing households. The variables in this research are divided into two, namely respondent characteristics and household behavior. The results of the research show that the average food waste behavior in households refers to the characteristics of respondents such as age, gender, occupation, income, expenditure and number of family members as well as tendencies or behavioral patterns of household members in producing, managing and using food. causes food to be wasted in an inefficient manner. Food waste behavior covers various aspects, including purchasing, storing, preparing and consuming food.

Cattle farming is crucial to the economy, particularly in agricultural countries, providing meat, milk, and leather, as well as raw materials for related industries. In Indonesia, cattle farming is growing rapidly, with Perbaungan, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra, showing significant development due to favorable conditions such as fertile land and abundant feed resources. This study evaluates the fattening of Madras cattle through field experiments, using a balanced mix of concentrate and grass. The results suggest that fattening cattle is a viable business, contributing to national beef production and food security. The total monthly production cost for 70 cattle is Rp 59,283,000, indicating economic feasibility for further development.

Pesantren merupakan lembaga pendidikan Islam yang memiliki peran penting dalam pembentukan karakter dan moral peserta didik. Seiring perkembangan zaman, pesantren dituntut tidak hanya fokus pada aspek pendidikan keagamaan, tetapi juga mampu mandiri secara ekonomi untuk mendukung keberlangsungan program-programnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana Pesantren Awwalu Ihya'i Daril Amanah (AIDA) membangun perekonomian mandiri, serta strategi yang dapat diterapkan guna mengembangkan usaha yang sudah ada. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode wawancara dengan pengurus pesantren yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh data dan informasi terkait biografi pesantren dan sistem perekonomian yang ada di pesantren, serta melakukan observasi untuk memperoleh data dan informasi secara langsung mengenai kondisi nyata di lapangan guna mendukung data yang diperoleh berdasar hasil wawancara dalam penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dan observasi lapangan diperoleh bahwasanya salah satu upaya pesantren dalam mewujudkan kemandirian di bidang ekonominya adalah pemanfaatan lahan pesantren yang disewakan kepada usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM) yang mana ditemukan bahwasanya usaha ini dapat meningkatkan pendapatan pesantren dan memperkuat hubungan sosial-ekonomi dengan masyarakat sekitar. Analisis SWOT digunakan untuk menentukan kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang, dan ancaman dari sistem keuangan yang sedang beroperasi. Untuk memaksimalkan potensi lahan yang belum dimanfaatkan, studi ini juga menyarankan pembentukan toko buku dan toko percetakan serta pembangunan pom mini. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa ada potensi besar untuk mendukung kemandirian ekonomi pesantren dan memiliki efek positif pada komunitas pesantren dan masyarakat sekitarnya.

Poverty is a multidimensional problem that is not only related to economic aspects, but also social, cultural, and political, which affects the welfare of poor families. The Family Hope Program (PKH) in Makassar City is designed as a conditional social assistance program that aims to improve the welfare of poor families through the provision of financial assistance and increased access to basic services. This study aims to explore the role of social companions in building trust, factors that affect the participation of poor families, and obstacles in the implementation of PKH. The method used was descriptive qualitative with subjects of 10 beneficiary families and 3 social companions, data was collected through semi-structured interviews and participatory observations, then analyzed thematically using an inductive approach. The results of the study show that social companions play a crucial role as communication mediators who build trust through an empathetic and familial approach, which strengthens the sense of belonging to the program. Family participation is influenced by social capital, local cultural norms, education levels, as well as bureaucratic constraints and access to services. Barriers such as social stigma, complicated bureaucracy, and limited companion training hinder the effectiveness of the program. Habermas's theory of communicative action and Durkheim's social solidarity support the finding that open dialogue and harmonious relationships between companions and families are key to successful social empowerment. It was concluded that strengthening the capacity of companions, simplifying bureaucracy, and increasing participatory dialogue spaces are needed to increase the effectiveness and sustainability of PKH in Makassar.

International airports are complex work environments with unique occupational health and safety risks. As hubs of intensive transportation activities, airports involve various operations, including flight services, passenger handling, cargo management, and fuel operations. Early detection of fuel leaks is crucial to ensure the aircraft’s fuel system is free from leaks, blockages, or potential fire hazards. This study aims to analyze the causes of fuel leakage and identify appropriate mitigation measures, using observation and literature review methods. The findings indicate that fuel leakage occurring while the aircraft is parked suggests damage to certain fuel system components, such as seal gaskets, sealants, and dome nuts, which may suffer from wear or cracking due to age-related degradation. Such damage poses serious risks, including fire hazards, corrosion to aircraft structures—particularly in hard-to-reach areas like the wings or fuselage—and a drop in fuel pressure that could impair engine performance or cause flight cancellations. To address these issues, thorough inspections of all fuel system components are essential. Additionally, the use of sensors to detect abnormal changes in fuel pressure and flow, combined with rigorous leak testing after repairs, is recommended to ensure operational safety and reliability.

Handling natural disaster victims requires a fast, precise, and fair aid distribution process. In this context, expert systems can be utilized as a decision-making tool in determining the type and amount of aid that should be given to victims. This article develops a desktop-based expert system using the Java programming language, which is able to calculate the type of aid based on the condition of the victim, the level of damage, and the number of affected family members. The method used is a rule-based expert system with if-then logic. The results show that this system can assist field officers in accelerating the calculation and distribution of aid.

Students' understanding of mathematical concepts is still a challenge, especially in solving problems that require procedural and conceptual understanding, such as on the topic of circles. This study aims to analyze the types of errors made by students in solving mathematical problems on the topic of circles using the Newman's Error Analysis (NEA) procedure. The approach to this study is descriptive qualitative, conducted at SD 050661 Kwala Bingai with 20 subjects of grade VI-A. Data were collected through written tests and analyzed using five stages of NEA: reading errors, understanding, transformation, process skills, and writing final answers. The results of the study showed that most students made errors at the stages of understanding, transformation, and process skills. Factors causing errors include lack of conceptual understanding, procedural errors, and inaccuracy in solving problems. The conclusion of this study shows the need for an active role for teachers in identifying and overcoming student errors through appropriate teaching methods, especially on the topic of circles. This study is expected to provide an overview for teachers in designing appropriate learning strategies to improve students' understanding of mathematical concepts.

In today’s era, the use of renewable energy is increasingly becoming a major focus in energy increasingly becoming carbon emissions. One of the applications of renewable energy in industrial life is the use of solar panels for street lighting systems, especially on toll road lights that  require continuous and efficient lighting. This study aims to analyze the basic theory of how solar panels work an their application to toll road lights, taking into account energy efficiency, power deviation, and stability of electricity supply. The analysis method is carried out through literature studies and mathematical calculation in the application of solar panels to toll road lights. The result of the analysis show that the solar panle system is able to meet the energy needs of toll road lights, especially in areas with high sunlight intensity. In addition, the use if lithium batteries as energy storage has proven effective in maintaining the stability of electricity supply at night or in cloudy weather