Microorganisms are highly beneficial in sustainable agriculture as they are key components of the soil ecosystem and participate in various processes that enhance soil fertility, improve crop quality, and reduce reliance on synthetic chemicals. This study employs a meta-analysis or literature review method to examine previous research on the role of microorganisms in agriculture, specifically on how microorganisms play a critical role in sustainable farming. Most available studies rely on qualitative data or case studies, limiting the ability to conduct more in-depth quantitative analysis. The results indicate that waste processing into organic compost fertilizer is crucial. Applying organic farming methods improves crop quality while maintaining ecosystem balance.

Agricultural microbiology plays an important role in supporting the sustainability of the agricultural sector, contributing to global food security. Microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi and algae, have various roles in increasing soil fertility, controlling plant pathogens and supporting biodiversity. This research aims to explore the role of microbiology in supporting environmentally friendly and sustainable agriculture. Through observations of various applications of microorganisms in agriculture, it was found that microorganisms can function as biopesticides, biofertilizers and organic waste processors. The research results show that microorganisms are able to optimize agricultural yields, improve soil health, and reduce dependence on synthetic chemicals.

Soil fertility is a key element in the sustainability of agricultural systems that support global food security. One important soil microorganism that plays a role in improving soil fertility is Rhizobium, a bacterium capable of biological nitrogen fixation through a symbiotic relationship with leguminosae plants. This bacterium not only contributes to increasing soil nitrogen availability by 30-50% but also helps reduce dependence on synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, which has implications for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of Rhizobium is strongly influenced by environmental conditions such as pH, salinity, and chemical pollutants, which can inhibit its symbiotic ability. Technological innovations, such as nano-based formulations and the development of superior strains, offer solutions to improve the efficiency of Rhizobium, but challenges such as high costs and lack of policy support remain. In addition, the widespread use of Rhizobium inoculants may disrupt the balance of the soil microbial ecosystem, requiring further research. Therefore, integration of technology, policy and farmer education is needed to optimally utilize the full potential of Rhizobium while mitigating environmental risks, to support a more sustainable agricultural system.

Agricultural waste treatment is an organism that offers innovative solutions to reduce the negative environmental impact of waste while increasing agricultural productivity. By using microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes, wastes such as straw, manure, and coffee grounds can be effectively treated. This biological process accelerates the decomposition of organic matter into more benign substances and nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which are essential for plant growth. In addition to improving soil fertility, the use of organic fertilizers also reduces dependence on chemical fertilizers, greenhouse gas emissions, and sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of microbiology in agricultural waste transformation by examining its mechanisms, potentials, and challenges. The results of this study show that microorganism-based technologies contribute to more environmentally friendly practices and reinforce fundamental economic principles. Processing agricultural waste into organic fertilizer is a strategic step in realizing sector sustainability.

This research aims to explore the role of soil microorganisms in improving soil fertility and agricultural productivity to support sustainable agriculture. Using the literature review method, various scientific literatures were analyzed to identify the potential, challenges, and optimization strategies of microorganism technology. Microorganisms such as Nitrobacter, Streptomyces sp. and Trichoderma sp. play significant roles in nitrogen cycling, organic matter decomposition and plant pathogen control. In addition to naturally improving soil nutrition, these microorganisms also support agricultural efficiency by reducing dependence on synthetic chemical fertilizers and pesticides.  However, the adoption of this technology faces obstacles, such as farmers' lack of knowledge and limited access to quality products. Therefore, strategic steps are needed in the form of training programs, extension, and policy development to support the implementation of microorganism-based technologies. In the context of climate change, microorganisms also contribute to greenhouse gas mitigation and increase crop tolerance to abiotic stress. The results of this study emphasize the importance of microorganisms as a sustainable solution to the challenges of modern agriculture, as well as the need for collaboration between various parties to increase the capacity of farmers in implementing this technology. 
 

This study aims to explore the root growth patterns of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivated in a polybag system, and examine the implications for nutrient absorption efficiency and plant survival. The method used was a systematic literature review, with narrative analysis of recent studies in the last five years. Data were analyzed to identify the relationship between root architecture, growing medium, and nutrient absorption efficiency.  The results showed that the polybag system, with its limited root growing space, promoted adaptation of root growth patterns, including an increase in lateral root density and a reduction in primary root length. Coconut fiber- and vermiculite-based growing media were shown to increase nutrient absorption capacity by up to 30%, while inoculation of rhizosphere microorganisms, such as mycorrhiza, increased phosphorus use efficiency by up to 25%. In addition, optimal root zone temperature plays an important role in supporting root metabolic activities.  The conclusion of this study confirms that optimizing root growth patterns through growing media, temperature management, and utilization of microorganisms can significantly increase the productivity of cucumber plants. These findings provide a basis for developing more efficient and sustainable cultivation strategies in modern horticultural systems. 

This study examines the effectiveness of organic fertilizers in improving the quality and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants through a comprehensive literature study. A systematic review was conducted on recent scientific publications that discuss various types of organic fertilizers, including chicken manure, bokashi, organic liquid fertilizer, and eco-enzyme. The research method used a literature study approach by analyzing articles from 2020-2024, focusing on the effectiveness of organic fertilizers in increasing the growth and productivity of cucumber plants.The results showed that organic fertilizers do not merely provide nutrients, but transform as agents of soil ecosystem regeneration. Each type of organic fertilizer has a unique mechanism in influencing plant growth, including increased microbiological activity, optimization of soil structure, and stimulation of the root system. Variations in plant responses depend on genotype, fertilizer composition and environmental conditions. The research resulted in practical recommendations for sustainable organic fertilization strategies, emphasizing the importance of a precision and holistic approach in cucumber crop nutrient management. The findings make a significant contribution in the development of sustainable agriculture.

The use of organic fertilizers in agriculture in Dahana Village has significant potential in improving soil fertility and crop productivity. Organic fertilizers, which are derived from natural materials such as agricultural waste and animal manure, serve to improve soil structure, increase water retention capacity, and provide nutrients needed by plants. This study explored different methods of applying organic fertilizers and their impact on plant growth and the quality of agricultural produce. Results show that organic fertilizer not only improves vegetative growth but also yield quality, making it an essential component in sustainable agricultural practices. Thus, this study emphasizes the importance of integrating the use of organic fertilizers in land management strategies to achieve optimal and sustainable agricultural yields in Dahana Village.

This research aims to explore the optimization of land clearing techniques in supporting agricultural sustainability in Dahana Tabaloho Village, Gunungsitoli District, North Sumatra. This research involved students of the University of Nias Agrotechnology Study Program who applied land clearing techniques which included weed removal, soil loosening, drainage and bed making. The methods used in this study were direct observation, interviews, and measurement of soil parameters before and after the application of the techniques. The results showed that the combination of traditional and modern techniques in land management can improve tillage efficiency and environmental sustainability. The use of cultivators for soil loosening is proven to speed up the process, but still requires organic fertilizer to maintain the quality of the soil structure. Good drainage is effective in managing excess water and ensuring water availability during the dry season. In addition, making beds with proper direction supports optimal plant growth. The 15% increase in organic matter content and the stability of soil pH to remain neutral are indicators of the success of the applied techniques. Overall, this study provides evidence that proper land management can support sustainable agricultural productivity in the tropics.

The use of liquid organic fertilizer (POC) is an innovative solution to increase crop productivity in drylands that face challenges in soil fertility and water availability. This study aims to evaluate the effect of various types of POC, including moringa, kirinyu, rabbit urine, fermented fruit waste, and local microorganism-based (MOL) POC, on plant growth and yield. The method used was literature review and analysis of literature from various journals, theses, theses, and dissertations, which were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively.  The results showed that all types of POC increased plant productivity with an average increase of 20-40% compared to the control, with rabbit urine recording the highest increase of 40%. The effectiveness of POC comes from the content of nutrients, bioactive compounds, and microorganisms that improve soil structure, increase water retention, and spur nutrient absorption. The discussion underscored the importance of utilizing local resources to reduce environmental pollution and improve agricultural sustainability.  In conclusion, POC proved to be an effective alternative to increase crop yields in drylands while supporting sustainable agriculture. Recommendations for further research include further exploration of local organic materials and application of POC on a field scale.