This research discusses the legal and economic aspects related to Sales and Purchase Agreements in the context of debt settlement. The main focus is the legal analysis of Sales and Purchase Agreements which is based on Debt-Receivable or Money Lending and Borrowing Agreements, as well as its impact on legal certainty and protection for the parties involved. This research also investigates the provisions of Articles 1457 and 1458 of the Civil Code regarding the validity of sale and purchase transactions, as well as the process of transferring land rights through a Deed of Sale and Purchase carried out by the Land Deed Official. The study results show that PPJB is often used as debt collateral, although this practice is not legally valid because Sales and Purchase Agreements and Debt-Receivable Agreements have different concepts and principles. The use of Sales and Purchase Agreements as debt collateral is considered problematic because it violates Article 1320 of the Civil Code which regulates the conditions for the validity of an agreement. This research emphasizes the importance of understanding the differences between sales and purchase agreements and accounts payable to ensure legal clarity and adequate protection for all parties involved in the agreement.
 
 

The utilization of natural materials in household products is increasingly in demand along with the increasing awareness of the importance of maintaining environmental sustainability.One innovative way to utilize natural materials is by utilizing pandanus leaves into natural dyes. Pandanus extract was chosen because of its active compounds that have antibacterial properties and a refreshing aroma.This activity was carried out with the women of the Forum Kesehatan Keluarga (FKK) in Jogoprono RW VI Sadeng Village, Gunungpati District, Semarang City. The purpose of this activity is to increase community awareness and skills in using environmentally friendly soaps that are not only beneficial for health but also contribute positively to the environment.The methodology used in this paper uses a qualitative method with an experimental approach.The results of the activity show that the utilization of pandanus extract in liquid soap not only provides an alternative cleaning product that is safer for the environment but also empowers the local community through active involvement in the production process. In addition, this activity is expected to serve as a model for similar initiatives in creating eco-friendly products that empower communities and support environmental conservation.

The aim of this research is to determine the level of misconceptions of biology students regarding the human reproductive system material. This really needs to be researched because it can find out the extent to which biology students understand the material. To find out the misconceptions experienced by biology students, researchers used the Certainty of Response Index (CRI) method to measure the level of misconceptions biology students had regarding human reproduction material taught by lecturers. This research uses qualitative methods, with descriptive research type. The subjects of this research consisted of all biology students. The population in this study were 36 biology students. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire containing diagnostic questions at the Three Tier Test level with the Certainty of Response Index (CRI) method where in the questions there are three levels of categories, namely questions, reasons and beliefs. This questionnaire is distributed online via Google Form. The data obtained was processed using percentage techniques. The results of this research were analyzed by adjusting the levels of the categories of understanding the concept, not knowing the concept and misconceptions. The results obtained will later show biology students who experience misconceptions and biology students who already understand the concept. The results of this research show that 21.5% of biology students understand the concept, 31.4% do not understand the concept and 25% of biology students experience positive misconceptions, 22.2% negative misconceptions. It can be concluded that it turns out that biology students still experience many misconceptions regarding the human reproductive system material compared to biology students who understand the concept.)

The Purpose of Research on Seba baduy conducted by STKIP Sheikh Manshur students in Lebak Regency, aims to get to know more closely the Baduy community in preserving their culture in Seba baduy activities. The research method used is descriptive with a functional approach through data collection techniques in the form of interviews and observations. The result of this research illustrates that Seba Baduy activity is the culmination of a ritual event conducted once a year which is intended to express gratitude to God and the government for the welfare of the Baduy community that has been produced in a period of one year. In addition, Seba Baduy activity has a ritual ceremony, this ceremony is a proof of customary recognition and aims to stay in touch between Kanekes community and the government both in the regency and province, namely to the regent and governor officials who informally become the leaders of Baduy community. The best time and date for the ceremony is chosen, especially after the harvest. The seba ceremony is a series of religious or belief systems of the Sunda Wiwitan religion adopted by the Kanekes community, so this ceremony must be carried out because it is an ancestral heirloom that must continue to be maintained and preserved which is passed on continuously to its children and grandchildren in a firm and binding manner. (Ayuna et al., 2021)

Literary works are literary results, creations in the form of poems, prose, and plays (drama). Literary works are born as embodiments or depictions of life poured through the medium of writing. Therefore, it is closely related between literature and life. Through literature, the reader can express the meaning behind the work of the author. This research would examine a short story entitled "Gubrak!" by Seno Gumira Ajidarma. "Gubrak!" short story tells about a beauty that actually creates its own wounds. The purpose of this study was to describe the meaning of multiplication (perlexia) and the analysis of the five Barthes codes contained in the short story "Gubrak!" using Roland Barthes's theory of semiotics. The methods used in this study were qualitative descriptive methods as well as semiotic approaches with Roland Barthes' five-code semiotic theory consisting of hermeneutic codes, semic codes, symbolic codes, action codes, and referential codes. The result of this study was the discovery of 53 lexicons, each of which has a meaning, including 9 hermeneutic codes, 29 semic codes, 5 action codes, 3 referential codes, and 8 symbolic codes. Through this analysis, the meaning and message could be drawn that you have enough because anything excessive is not good. This research would analyze the hidden signs in each word or sentence in the short story. Barthes semiotics was used to find out the meaning contained in the short story so it is interesting to study using the Barthes five-code approach.

ABC Gift Shop provides ordering and purchasing of souvenirs for weddings, birthdays, graduations, and other events. So far, customers are served through online orders via Instagram and offline orders that come directly to the store location. This study aims to look at the implementation of ongoing business processes and see how far the results of the evaluation can identify opportunities for improvement and recommendations for improving ABC Shop's business processes. The research method uses descriptive qualitative through interviews with informants and observations of online and offline ordering services at ABC Stores. The results of the study show that there are deficiencies in the online ordering process, such as online ordering data that is entered manually and recapitulated so that the queue process and order completion take a long time and the queues can even be swapped. Opportunities for improvement and recommendations for improvement, in this case, are being able to improve existing business processes and providing an information system for ordering souvenirs that is more flexible than social media Instagram and according to the needs of Toko ABC..

MSMEs are one of the pillars of the national economy which must get the main opportunity, support, protection and development as wide as possible as a form of firm alignment with the people's economic business group without ignoring the role of big business. The purpose of this KKN activity is to provide assistance regarding digital marketing, especially through social media, for roasted rice micro businesses in Kepanjen Kidul Village, Blitar City to increase sales of these products.The method used is descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The descriptive method is used to describe the efforts of UMKM Nasi Bakar "Pak Githu" in developing its marketing with digital marketing. While a qualitative approach is used to explain the process of implementing digital marketing in line with the development of its business.The mentoring work program carried out for Nasi Bakar SMEs is to rebrand products, make labels and business cards, utilize digital marketing, carry out digital content creation. Through a strong brand identity and an effective digital marketing strategy, Nasi Bakar MSMEs in the Kepanjen Kidul Village can experience significant empowerment.

<p><span lang="EN-US"><em><span>Masalah ketimpangan pendapatan masih menjadi masalah utama yang di hadapi oleh negara maju dan negara berkembang khususnya Indonesia. Ketimpangan pendapatan memunculkan berbagai dampak masalah. Terbatasnya akses layanan keuangan, literasi keuangan yang rendah bisa meningkatkan ketimpangan pendapatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh antara inklusi keuangan dan literasi keuangan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan serta menganalisis pengaruh tidak langsung antara inklusi keuangan dan literasi keuangan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan dengan kredit UMKM sebagai variabel intervening. Penelitian ini menggunakan 34 provinsi di Indonesia pada tahun 2016 dan 2019 sebagai sampel penelitian. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Analisis Jalur menggunakan program SPSS versi 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel inklusi keuangan dan literasi keuangan berpengaruh terhadap kredit UMKM. Variabel inklusi keuangan dan kredit UMKM berpengaruh terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan sedangkan literasi keuangan tidak berpengaruh terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan. Untuk pengujian hubungan tidak langsung, inklusi keuangan berpengaruh secara tidak langsung terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan melalui kredit UMKM sebagai variabel intervening sedangkan literasi keuangan tidak berpengaruh secara tidak langsung terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan melalui kredit UMKM.</span></em></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US"><em><span>The problem of income inequality is still a significant problem faced by developed and developing countries, especially Indonesia. Income inequality leads to various issues. Limited access to financial services and low financial literacy can increase income inequality. This study aimed to analyse the effect of financial inclusion and financial literacy on income inequality and the indirect impact of financial inclusion and financial literacy on income inequality when MSMEs credit was used as an intervening variable. This study employed 34 provinces in Indonesia in 2016 and 2019 as research samples. The analytical method utilised Path Analysis using the SPSS version 25 program. The findings revealed that financial inclusion and literacy variables affected MSMEs' credit. The variables of financial inclusion and MSMEs credit affected income inequality; on the other hand, financial literacy did not affect income inequality. MSME credit could mediate the effect of financial inclusion on income inequality in analysis path testing. On the other hand, MSMEs credit has not been able to mediate the impact of financial literacy on income inequality.</span></em></span></p>

Learning is not merely a relationship between stimulus and response, but learning from the point of view of cognitivism is a deep thought process. Cognitivism prioritizes the learning process rather than learning outcomes and reveals that there is a need for learning methods that can activate student cognitive in the learning process. Jerome Bruner provides 3 stages of learning that can influence children's cognitive development, namely through active, iconic and symbolic learning. Bruner, who is an expert in cognitive developmental psychology, contributed discovery leaning learning theory or often called discovery learning. Bruner has also provided a cognitive learning step that he designed with six learning steps, starting from stimulation, problem identification, data collection, data processing to verification and conclusion drawing. The research was conducted qualitatively through observation and interviews by looking at the role of discovery learning theory in Islamic Islamic education learning at SMPN 3 Kalasan Sleman Yogyakarta. The results of the study reveal that discovery learning theory is very beneficial for students' cognitive development which is also well implemented, although not all learning materials can use this theory.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini berdasarkan fenomena gap yang terjadi, dimana banyaknya kinerja PNSmengalami penurunan seperti kurang adanya kedisiplinan dalam melaksanakan tugas, dan haltersebut berhubungan dengan kurangnya pengawasan pemimpin, kurangnya pemahaman kepadapara karyawan untuk bekerja lebih berorientasi pada tanggungjawab dan ibadah, jika itu ditanamkanmaka akan muncul motivasi dalam diri karyawan untuk bekerja dengan baik dan benar. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah PNS yang bekerja dikantor kecamatan di kabupatenGrobogan. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 75 Responden dengan menggunakan teknik proportionalsampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Kepemimpinan konsiderasi, Disiplin kerja, Orientasi kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi berprestasi dan kinerja pegawai. Motivasiberprestasi bukan merupakan variabel intervening di antara pengaruh kepemimpinan konsiderasidengan kinerja pegawai, disiplin kerja dengan kinerja pegawai, orientasi kerja dengan kinerjapegawai. Sehingga tanpa adanya motivasi berprestasi tetap bisa meningkatkan kinerja denganmemperbaiki pengawasan pemimpin terhadap bawahannya, memberikan contoh kedisiplinansehingga bawahan pun akan melaksanakan kedisiplinan dengan sendirinya. Kata Kunci : Kepemimpinan Konsiderasi, Disiplin Kerja, Orientasi kerja, Motivasi berprestasi,Kinerja.