The aim of this research is to determine the level of misconceptions of biology students regarding the human reproductive system material. This really needs to be researched because it can find out the extent to which biology students understand the material. To find out the misconceptions experienced by biology students, researchers used the Certainty of Response Index (CRI) method to measure the level of misconceptions biology students had regarding human reproduction material taught by lecturers. This research uses qualitative methods, with descriptive research type. The subjects of this research consisted of all biology students. The population in this study were 36 biology students. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire containing diagnostic questions at the Three Tier Test level with the Certainty of Response Index (CRI) method where in the questions there are three levels of categories, namely questions, reasons and beliefs. This questionnaire is distributed online via Google Form. The data obtained was processed using percentage techniques. The results of this research were analyzed by adjusting the levels of the categories of understanding the concept, not knowing the concept and misconceptions. The results obtained will later show biology students who experience misconceptions and biology students who already understand the concept. The results of this research show that 21.5% of biology students understand the concept, 31.4% do not understand the concept and 25% of biology students experience positive misconceptions, 22.2% negative misconceptions. It can be concluded that it turns out that biology students still experience many misconceptions regarding the human reproductive system material compared to biology students who understand the concept.)

<p><span lang="EN-US"><em><span>Masalah ketimpangan pendapatan masih menjadi masalah utama yang di hadapi oleh negara maju dan negara berkembang khususnya Indonesia. Ketimpangan pendapatan memunculkan berbagai dampak masalah. Terbatasnya akses layanan keuangan, literasi keuangan yang rendah bisa meningkatkan ketimpangan pendapatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh antara inklusi keuangan dan literasi keuangan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan serta menganalisis pengaruh tidak langsung antara inklusi keuangan dan literasi keuangan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan dengan kredit UMKM sebagai variabel intervening. Penelitian ini menggunakan 34 provinsi di Indonesia pada tahun 2016 dan 2019 sebagai sampel penelitian. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Analisis Jalur menggunakan program SPSS versi 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel inklusi keuangan dan literasi keuangan berpengaruh terhadap kredit UMKM. Variabel inklusi keuangan dan kredit UMKM berpengaruh terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan sedangkan literasi keuangan tidak berpengaruh terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan. Untuk pengujian hubungan tidak langsung, inklusi keuangan berpengaruh secara tidak langsung terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan melalui kredit UMKM sebagai variabel intervening sedangkan literasi keuangan tidak berpengaruh secara tidak langsung terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan melalui kredit UMKM.</span></em></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US"><em><span>The problem of income inequality is still a significant problem faced by developed and developing countries, especially Indonesia. Income inequality leads to various issues. Limited access to financial services and low financial literacy can increase income inequality. This study aimed to analyse the effect of financial inclusion and financial literacy on income inequality and the indirect impact of financial inclusion and financial literacy on income inequality when MSMEs credit was used as an intervening variable. This study employed 34 provinces in Indonesia in 2016 and 2019 as research samples. The analytical method utilised Path Analysis using the SPSS version 25 program. The findings revealed that financial inclusion and literacy variables affected MSMEs' credit. The variables of financial inclusion and MSMEs credit affected income inequality; on the other hand, financial literacy did not affect income inequality. MSME credit could mediate the effect of financial inclusion on income inequality in analysis path testing. On the other hand, MSMEs credit has not been able to mediate the impact of financial literacy on income inequality.</span></em></span></p>

Learning is not merely a relationship between stimulus and response, but learning from the point of view of cognitivism is a deep thought process. Cognitivism prioritizes the learning process rather than learning outcomes and reveals that there is a need for learning methods that can activate student cognitive in the learning process. Jerome Bruner provides 3 stages of learning that can influence children's cognitive development, namely through active, iconic and symbolic learning. Bruner, who is an expert in cognitive developmental psychology, contributed discovery leaning learning theory or often called discovery learning. Bruner has also provided a cognitive learning step that he designed with six learning steps, starting from stimulation, problem identification, data collection, data processing to verification and conclusion drawing. The research was conducted qualitatively through observation and interviews by looking at the role of discovery learning theory in Islamic Islamic education learning at SMPN 3 Kalasan Sleman Yogyakarta. The results of the study reveal that discovery learning theory is very beneficial for students' cognitive development which is also well implemented, although not all learning materials can use this theory.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini berdasarkan fenomena gap yang terjadi, dimana banyaknya kinerja PNSmengalami penurunan seperti kurang adanya kedisiplinan dalam melaksanakan tugas, dan haltersebut berhubungan dengan kurangnya pengawasan pemimpin, kurangnya pemahaman kepadapara karyawan untuk bekerja lebih berorientasi pada tanggungjawab dan ibadah, jika itu ditanamkanmaka akan muncul motivasi dalam diri karyawan untuk bekerja dengan baik dan benar. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah PNS yang bekerja dikantor kecamatan di kabupatenGrobogan. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 75 Responden dengan menggunakan teknik proportionalsampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Kepemimpinan konsiderasi, Disiplin kerja, Orientasi kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi berprestasi dan kinerja pegawai. Motivasiberprestasi bukan merupakan variabel intervening di antara pengaruh kepemimpinan konsiderasidengan kinerja pegawai, disiplin kerja dengan kinerja pegawai, orientasi kerja dengan kinerjapegawai. Sehingga tanpa adanya motivasi berprestasi tetap bisa meningkatkan kinerja denganmemperbaiki pengawasan pemimpin terhadap bawahannya, memberikan contoh kedisiplinansehingga bawahan pun akan melaksanakan kedisiplinan dengan sendirinya. Kata Kunci : Kepemimpinan Konsiderasi, Disiplin Kerja, Orientasi kerja, Motivasi berprestasi,Kinerja.