The aim of this study is to understand and explain the implementation process of ensemble learning of the same type in class VII.1 of SMP Negeri 43 Padang. This research falls into the category of qualitative research using descriptive methods. The researcher themselves serve as the main instrument in this study, supported by writing tools and a camera. Data is obtained through literature review, observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis process includes data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions from the data. At the planning stage, the teacher prepares learning tools according to the independent curriculum included in the teaching module. At the implementation stage of the same ensemble, the teacher uses lecture, question and answer, practice, and demonstration methods. The learning media used by the teacher includes the melodica and the score for the song "Kambanglah Bungo". At the assessment stage, the teacher conducts diagnostic and formative assessments. In the practical assessment of the melodica ensemble, many students experience difficulties, especially in reading the score, fingering techniques, and maintaining the tempo. Furthermore, the lack of enrichment and remedial measures during the assessment process impacts students' development, both for those who have not achieved competencies and those who have already understood them.

This paper discusses the impact of the Sudanese refugee crisis on security stability in the Chad border region. The conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces since April 2023 has triggered a massive wave of refugees, making Chad one of the main recipient countries. Using a regional security complex theory approach, this paper shows that the flow of refugees not only creates social and economic pressures, but also magnifies security risks such as infiltration of armed groups, tensions between communities, and weak control in the border region. Through document analysis, the paper highlights how Chad's capacity constraints exacerbate the situation, as well as the need for a long-term response involving cross-actor coordination and sustained international support.

This paper examines the military cooperation between Brunei Darussalam and the United Kingdom, as well as its impact on regional stability in Southeast Asia, focusing on Brunei's non-alignment strategy as a small state. Using a descriptive analytic method based on a literature review, this paper explores descriptive data on the dynamics of Brunei's foreign policy strategy in building bilateral relations, the role of the UK post-Brexit through the Global Britain strategy in strengthening bilateral relations with ASEAN member countries, and the implementation of Brunei and British military cooperation in maintaining regional security stability through the presence of British Forces Brunei since 1963. This is supported by historical ties and the Garrison Agreement to strengthen the security of the country and the region without confrontation. Therefore, this paper shows that Brunei has managed to balance military cooperation with the UK and economic cooperation with China in the midst of great power rivalries and tensions over the South China Sea dispute, as well as its implications for regional stability.

Maritime security is a strategic issue in Southeast Asia due to the high dependence of ASEAN countries on sea lanes for trade and regional stability. This study aims to analyze Indonesia's role in strengthening maritime security cooperation in ASEAN. The methods used are literature studies and analysis of policy documents related to ASEAN maritime cooperation and national maritime policies. The results of the study show that Indonesia is active in various regional forums such as the ASEAN Maritime Forum (AMF) and the Expanded ASEAN Maritime Forum (EAMF), and carries the Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF) initiative. Despite challenges such as overlapping institutional authority and limited resources, Indonesia continues to demonstrate a strong commitment to promoting maritime diplomacy, strengthening governance, and handling issues such as IUU Fishing and the South China Sea conflict. The implications of this cooperation are increased regional stability and strengthening ASEAN's position in facing the geopolitical dynamics of the Indo-Pacific.

Legal politics is used as a basic reference for someone in determining values, determining and developing law. Law is a set of rules which regulate, both in terms of the order of life of the nation and state. The legal product is born democratically through an agreement from representatives of the people who work in the legislature. The political law of regional autonomy implementation according to Law number 23 of 2014. No matter how much autonomy is given to the regions, the final responsibility will remain with the government. The development carried out by the government must of course look at the RTRW, because it is the basic reference for the development project itself. The National Strategic Project (PSN) is a program implemented by the government itself or a business entity that has a strategic nature to provide and produce an equitable development impact in order to provide an increase in community welfare and regional development.

Indonesia is one of the world's largest producers and exporters of Crude Palm Oil (CPO). This study aims to analyze the competitiveness level of Indonesian CPO and the competitive position of Indonesian CPO in the target countries of the United States and Pakistan. This research uses secondary data with a time span from 2018 to 2022. The methods used in this research are the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) method and Export Product Dynamic (EPD). The analysis results show that Indonesia's export competitiveness to the target countries of the United States and Pakistan is high. Then, the majority of the market share to the target countries of the United States and Pakistan is in the Rising Star position, which means there is positive growth. The government needs to synergize policies and create regulations regarding international trade agreements, the government can also simplify export licensing procedures, and Indonesian exporters need to pay more attention to the quality and composition of CPO products

This study aims to assess the potential development of beef cattle farming businesses for farmers in Perbaungan District, Serdang Bedagai Regency. The variables used in this research are beef cattle production and beef cattle prices as independent variables, and farmers' income as the dependent variable. The analysis approach utilizes a quantitative method with a multiple linear regression model using time-series data sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Perbaungan District for the period 2019–2023. The results indicate that the development of beef cattle farming businesses in Perbaungan District has significant potential to increase farmers' income and improve their welfare. The variables of beef cattle production and beef cattle prices collectively have a significant influence on farmers' income.

Herbal Tea Bag Product Made from Chinese Betel Leaf with Combination of Lemongrass and Cardamom. This research aims to: 1) investigate the organoleptic properties of herbal tea bags made from Chinese betel leaf combined with lemongrass and cardamom, and 2) assess the sensory quality of the product through hedonic testing. This experimental study employed an observational method using a sensory evaluation panel consisting of 35 members (5 experts and 30 semi-trained panelists). Data were collected using a questionnaire. The independent variables were the proportion of Chinese betel leaf (2g, 4g, and 6g) and the addition of lemongrass and cardamom (2g) with temperature variations (40°C and 60°C) for 4 hours. The dependent variables were the sensory qualities, including shape, color, aroma, taste, and texture. The control variables included the type of materials, equipment, and processing techniques. Data analysis was performed using two-way anava and Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed that: 1) the proportion of Chinese betel leaf affected the shape and taste, 2) the drying temperature affected the color, taste, and texture, and 3) there was no interaction between the proportion of Chinese betel leaf and the addition of lemongrass and cardamom on the sensory quality of the herbal tea bags.

The neutrality of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) is an important foundation in carrying out government duties in Indonesia, especially during the Regional Head Election (Pilkada) process. ASN is expected to carry out their roles neutrally, impartially and adhere to the principles of justice, in accordance with the provisions in Law Number 5 of 2014 concerning ASN. This research aims to evaluate the role of the State Civil Apparatus Commission (KASN) and the Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) in maintaining ASN neutrality in the 2024 Regional Head Election in Padang City. Using a qualitative approach, this research analyzes data taken from various legal documents, official reports, and information related to violations of ASN neutrality in previous elections. The results revealed that violations of ASN neutrality are still quite high and have the potential to increase in the 2024 Pilkada. KASN and Bawaslu have made a number of efforts, such as conducting socialization and conducting strict supervision, to prevent these violations. This study concludes that ASN neutrality plays an important role in realizing the principles of good governance and in ensuring the implementation of fair and democratic elections, free from conflicts of interest
 
 

The development of the sharia economy in Indonesia demands the existence of a judicial institution capable of resolving disputes in accordance with Islamic legal principles. The Religious Court, through the amendment of Law Number 3 of 2006, has obtained the authority to handle cases in the field of sharia economics, including Islamic banking disputes. However, the implementation of this authority faces various challenges, both in terms of regulation, dualism of authority with general courts, and institutional readiness, such as human resources and infrastructure. This study employs a qualitative method with a normative juridical approach to analyze the legal basis, court practices, and institutional responses in the exercise of this authority. The results of the study indicate that the Religious Court holds great potential as a pillar for upholding sharia economic law but requires reinforcement in various aspects, including improving judges’ competencies, digitalizing the judicial system, and fostering inter-institutional synergy. Moreover, legal protection for justice seekers highly depends on the effectiveness and professionalism of the judicial institution. Therefore, a sustainable strategy is needed to build the institutional capacity of the Religious Court to respond to the dynamics of the sharia economy in a fair, accountable manner and in line with Islamic legal values in Indonesia.