Abstract: This study aims to analyze how Australian history is represented in Indonesian history textbooks and how these narratives have evolved. Specifically, it examines the differences in the portrayal of Australian history in high school history textbooks published during the New Order government (1966-1998) and the Reformasi government (1999-2023). To achieve this objective, this study employs the critical discourse analysis method, which allows for systematically examining communication symbols embedded in historical narratives. This approach enables a deeper understanding of how historical events are framed and contextualized in Indonesian history textbooks. The findings reveal that during the New Order period (1966-1998), Australian history was primarily linked to Indonesia’s independence struggle (1945-1949) and the Guided Democracy period (1959-1965). During this time, Australia was depicted as a nation that supported Indonesia’s independence. However, in the Reformasi era (post-1999), significant changes emerged in the historical narrative, particularly in depicting Australia’s involvement in the East Timor referendum. Textbooks published after 1999 reflect a more complex relationship, highlighting Australia’s role in East Timor’s separation from Indonesia. These findings indicate that the representation of history in textbooks is influenced by political dynamics and diplomatic relations between the two nations. The shift in historical narratives demonstrates how government policies and national discourse shape students' collective understanding of international history. Therefore, the history curriculum must adopt a more critical and balanced approach to avoid being solely shaped by political interests. This study confirms that historical narratives in textbooks are not static but are shaped by contemporary political contexts and bilateral relations.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana sejarah Australia direpresentasikan dalam buku teks sejarah Indonesia serta bagaimana narasi tersebut berkembang dari waktu ke waktu., khususnya yang diterbitkan pada masa pemerintahan Orde Baru (1966–1998) dan masa Reformasi (1999–2023). Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan metode critical discourse analysis (analisis wacana kritis) yang memungkinkan penelusuran sistematis terhadap simbol-simbol komunikasi yang terkandung dalam narasi sejarah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada masa Orde Baru, sejarah Australia umumnya dikaitkan dengan perjuangan kemerdekaan Indonesia (1945–1949) dan masa Demokrasi Terpimpin (1959–1965), di mana Australia digambarkan sebagai negara yang mendukung kemerdekaan Indonesia. Namun, pada masa Reformasi (pasca-1999), narasi sejarah mengalami perubahan signifikan, terutama terkait peran Australia dalam proses referendum Timor Timur. Buku-buku teks yang diterbitkan setelah 1999 menunjukkan hubungan yang lebih kompleks, dengan menyoroti peran Australia dalam pemisahan Timor Timur dari Indonesia. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa representasi sejarah dalam buku teks sangat dipengaruhi oleh dinamika politik dan hubungan diplomatik kedua negara. Perubahan narasi mencerminkan bagaimana kebijakan pemerintah dan wacana nasional membentuk pemahaman kolektif siswa terhadap sejarah internasional. Oleh karena itu, kurikulum sejarah perlu diarahkan pada pendekatan yang lebih kritis dan seimbang agar tidak didominasi oleh kepentingan politik semata. Studi ini menegaskan bahwa narasi sejarah dalam buku teks bersifat dinamis dan sangat dipengaruhi oleh konteks politik serta hubungan bilateral yang sedang berlangsung.

Mekarbuana Village located in Tegalwaru, Karawang district, West Java, is about 45 kilometers from the center of Karawang, and has potential for agro-tourism and natural tourism, because according to the village head, Jaji Maryono, the village is a provider of coffee, durian, mango, avocado, and bananas. The tourism  that are available are Curug Cigentis, Curug Bandung, and tours along the flow of the river. This tourist destination is a favourite destination of both locals and citizens around Karawang to spend the weekend with the family. Due to the tourist potential in his village, the village chief acknowledged that he wanted to bring Mekarbuana Village  into a tourist village, but still needed support and enhanced human resource capacity (HRM) to manage the village. The problem is that the tourism organization in the village are not functioning, so the wheel of tourism in that village is still not balanced. This activity uses methods of accompaniment, socialization, and education carried out in integration with KKN students to the community and tourists in Mekarbuana Village. The result of this community service activity is the reactivation of the pokdarwis management, the existence of the organization structure, the presence of the work plan, a varied tour package, as well as the Mekarbuana Village  already registered in the JADESTA. As to the conclusion of the activities, they feel very grateful and hoped that the organization will be able to maximize its management, and continue to run consistently and professionally in managing tourism in the village.

Background: The development of Pancasila character in early childhood is very important, especially in the context of working families who often face challenges in providing optimal character education. The character of Pancasila includes values such as justice, tolerance, and mutual cooperation, which need to be instilled from an early age to form a generation with integrity.
Research Objectives: This research aims to explore the strategy of developing Pancasila character in early childhood in working families, as well as understand the experiences and challenges faced by parents in the process.
Research Method: This study uses a qualitative phenomenological approach, which allows researchers to explore the subjective experiences of parents in developing Pancasila characters in their children. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with working parents, as well as observations of their interactions with children.
Research Findings: The use of quality time with children, involving the family in character building, introducing children to religious and social activities, and the use of technology to learn Pancasila values, are all important aspects in shaping the character of Pancasila in children. This helps strengthen moral values, social concerns, and positive communication between parents and children, thereby helping children understand and apply Pancasila values better.
Research Conclusion: This study concludes that the development of Pancasila character in early childhood in working families requires collaboration between parents, educational institutions, and the community. Greater support from the surrounding environment can help parents in implementing effective strategies.
Research Novelty: This study provides new insights into how working families can contribute to the development of Pancasila character, as well as highlighting the importance of the role of the social environment in supporting the character education process at home.

The lack of formal job access and limited employment sectors in rural areas have increased unemployment and poverty rates. Expanding rural entrepreneurship is a potential solution to create job opportunities and increase rural communities' income. Therefore, a comprehensive strategy needs to be developed to strengthen social capital and support the sustainability of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes). This research examines efforts to build entrepreneurship in the village environment through innovations implemented in BUMDes. It explores innovative strategies used by BUMDes to enhance the village's economic potential, focusing on developing local businesses, empowering the community, and improving access to resources. The research methods used include surveys, interviews, and quantitative data analysis. The results show that BUMDes and their partners have a good relationship, and BUMDes managers regularly communicate with their partners. However, BUMDes managers must also establish good communication with community members and local leaders. If BUMDes managers can build strong relationships with village residents, they will find it easier to obtain support, information, and helpful advice for managing BUMDes. BUMDes managers are categorized as having a high level of support for those in the community who have difficulty accessing business capital loans. Furthermore, the results of the path analysis reveal that there is no statistically significant relationship between the variables of experience (X1), motivation (X1), ICT media role (X3), and social capital capacity (Y1). This means that in the context of this study, these three independent variables do not significantly impact social capital capacity (Y1). These findings can guide the government, community, and relevant stakeholders in supporting efforts to build rural entrepreneurship through BUMDes innovations.

This study aims to identify the spatial structure and distribution of service facilities in Kahuripan Village, Tawang District, Tasikmalaya City. As one of the areas experiencing rapid development, Kahuripan Village has a strategic location that influences spatial dynamics, especially in social and economic aspects. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through field surveys, interviews, documentation studies, and literature studies. The results of the study indicate that the spatial structure in Kahuripan Village tends to follow a multiple center pattern, with two main centers functioning as government centers and economic centers. The distribution of service facilities, such as education, health, trade, and worship, is quite even and adequate. A good road network also supports mobility and access to these facilities. The conclusion of this study is that Kahuripan Village has great potential to continue to develop as a new service center, with development directed at micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), as well as improving accessibility and sustainability of land use in accordance with the Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW).
 

This literature study examines the influence of learning motivation on learning outcomes in various elementary schools of the same level. Learning motivation is a dominant factor in achieving learning outcomes. Teaching and learning activities really need motivation. Motivation can function as a driver to achieve good results. A person will do an activity because of motivation in him/herself. High motivation in learning will achieve optimal results. This study applies the literature review method through the analysis of various relevant scientific sources. The results of the study revealed that student learning motivation has a significant influence on student learning outcomes. The influence of motivation has an important role because motivation is very much needed in the learning process of students to support them in acting in order to achieve the learning goals they want to achieve. Teachers are expected to continue to create and maintain an environment that supports student learning motivation in order to achieve maximum learning outcomes.

This research targets to determine: The affect of the bodily work environment and non-bodily work surroundings on paintings motivation. The data in this have a look at have been received From statistics From Forestry Police employees on the Environmental And Forestry carrier in the UPT place Of The Jeneberang woodland management Unit In Gowa district who were inclined to be respondents. This research uses a quantitative form of studies. The facts supply Used Is primary facts acquired thru dispensing Questionnaires at the Environmental And Forestry carrier within the UPT region Of The Jeneberang forest management Unit In Gowa District. using the Roscoe sampling approach with a pattern of 60 forestry police personnel. The facts analysis technique uses a couple of linear regression the usage of the SPSS 22 software. The outcomes of this research imply that the bodily work surroundings and non-physical paintings surroundings together have a advantageous have an impact on on paintings motivation. which means that that the higher the working surroundings is felt, the more paintings motivation of forestry police employees will boom.

The golden age of children, which is often called the Golden Age, is when children are between 0 and 6 years old. At this stage of development, children grow and change rapidly. The aim of this community service is to improve students' fine motor skills through origami paper folding activities, including eye and hand coordination abilities, finger flexibility, and accuracy in carrying out fine movements. This project uses the ABCD (Asset Based Communities Development) strategy or method, which is a community development approach that emphasizes the assets and qualities that the community already has. In general, the results of the activity of improving fine motor skills by using origami for kindergarten students at Dharma Wanita Association 3 Tambak Lekok, namely the target of solving the problem in using origami paper to make carrots, are children who have never previously known and make ornamental plants from the material. origami paper, but in the activity of Improving Fine Motor Skills Using Origami for Kindergarten Students of Dharma Wanita Association 3 Tambak Lekok with enthusiasm to follow and learn together in making carrots from origami materials. Because with this creative activity, children of their age become increasingly curious about what they didn't know before, thus encouraging and encouraging them to learn together in paper folding activities.

The main issue faced by the community in Pasuruan Regency is the shortage of a safe and adequate blood supply, especially for urgent needs such as accidents, surgeries, or certain illnesses. The Blood Donation Program initiated by students serves as a form of social service aimed at supporting blood stock availability and raising community awareness on the importance of blood donation. The method of implementation includes outreach to students and local residents, and collaboration with the local Red Cross Blood Transfusion Unit (UTD PMI) to ensure strict health standards. Activities include direct blood donation, involving students and residents as volunteer donors. The outcome of this initiative is a significant increase in blood stock for the UTD PMI in Pasuruan Regency, along with a boost in community participation and understanding of the humanitarian value of blood donation as an essential social contribution.