Indonesia has been establishing tourism as the leading industry sector because it's 22,4% growth in 2019. The establishment of the tourism sector as the leading industry sector must be supported by good development and management. To achieve development goals, local communities must involve in the tourism sector. This research is conducted to find out the involvement of Batu Cermin Village's community on developing and managing tourist destinations. The data collection techniques used in this study are interviews and observations. From this research found that the participation of local communities in Batu Cermin Village can be categorized into five types of participation: idea contribution, work participation, expertise participation, material participation, and fund contribution. Participation of local communities in Batu Cemin is important because the accurate information is only owned by local people, besides that community trust is needed for the successful implementation of policies. There is also some supporting factor and obstacle of community involvement in Batu Cerim. The supporting factor is managerial of the which been moved to Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes). The obstacles to the involvement of the local community in Batu Cermin Village are the lack of knowledge about tourism issues, lack of the awareness of destination ownership, and lack of ability to see the economic opportunities.

The natural climate of Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) is dry all the year. However, prior to wet season, the region will suffer from cold weather, particularly in August. Ume kbubu and ume naek, both are traditional houses of Timorese especially for those who come from Mollo. Ume kbubu is used as a kitchen and barn, while ume naek is used for shelter and receiving guests. This paper will explain the functional change of ume kbubu during cold weather. The research took place at Binaus village, Timor Tengah Selatan district in August 2016 using observation to monitor the people’s activity. Measurement of the temperature was conducted for 24 hours. At night the temperature outside might reach 20°C, and 22°C in ume naek, while in ume kbubu, it can reach 35 - 37°C. The low temperature, both outside and in ume naek, causing the residents to  replace their activities in the warm ume kbubu. By evening, the people are usually sleeping in ume naek, but in cold weather, they sleep at ume kbubu. The conclusion of this research is there was a functional change of ume kbubu in the community activity during cold weather

Obtaining a quality education is the foundation to creating sustainable development. Education can help locals to develop innovative solutions for the world’s problems. Schools then have a very important role to play in achieving quality education. In addition to improving quality in the academic field, developing quality school human resources is also very important task to do. Schools need to support the human recources or children’s development by creating child-friendly schools. In the preparation phase of creating the child-friendly schools, there are several im parts that need to be considered and carried out, such as open discussion or constultation with the children as student in order to identify children’s needs and accommodate children’s aspiration. The focus group discussion and interviews with representative students from Salatiga founds there are needs and problems that need to be addresses on preparing the child-friendly schools: 1) on school policy: schools need partipations of all stake holders in developing school policy of violence against student, and specific detail of that upcoming policy, clearer and safer violence reporting mechansism for children; 2) on learning activities: unbalance treatments and discrimination towards students (based on social status, religion, and race or ethnicity), lack of educators’ capacity on understanding the diversity of character and students’ potential, treatments from educator that decreasing students’ condidence, teachers behavior that contains offensive SARA (ethnicity, religion, race, and social class), and violence cases both physically and verbally in schools activities; 3) on educators component; lack of understanding of child rights and child-friendly schools, lack of implementation of child rights and child-friendly schools; 4) on facilities and infrastructure: evacuation routes for natural disasters and fires, clean toilet facilities and changing rooms that can protect students from sexual crimes attempts; 5) on students participations and; 6) stakeholders participations: lack of stakeholders and students involment on preparing child-friendly school in Salatiga.

Silica is a beneficial element for rice plants which can protect from blast disease, increase stem strength, and alleviate abiotic stress. Silicon in soil solution is affected by several factors such as pH, temperature, organic matter, and redox potential (Eh). This study aims to investigate the controlling factor of Si solubility in soil solution. In the present study, Japanese silica gel (JSG) and Ultisols were collected from Japan. In laboratory experiment, the effects of Ca (calcium), Mg (magnesium) and others on solubility of Si (silica) were investigated. Under submerged condition, ten gram of soil with silica gel, Ca and Mg in plastic tube were incubated at 300C for 29 days. Calcium and Mg were applied into soil, at the concentration of 5, 10, 15 mg Ca L-1(T2, T3, T4 respectively) and 5, 10, 15 mg Mg L-1(T5, T6, T7 respectively). There was two controls as a follow T0 (soil) and T1 (soil + silica gel). During incubation, Si, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn concentrations in surface water were measured using ICP spectroscopy at day 8, 15, and 29. The results show the soil before treatment was slightly acidic (pH 5.7) and extractable Si concentration was 267.1 mg SiO2 kg-1. It was classified to be below critical level of available Si for rice (300 mg SiO2 kg-1). Total concentration of Ca and Mg in soil solution were highest for treatment T4 and T7, respectively compared with other treatments. On the first 8 days of incubation, Si released into soil solution was higher in T1 and T2 compared to other treatments. The solubility of Si was significantly positive correlated with Mn, Eh, and negatively correlated with pH, that indicated these were the controlling factors of the Si release in soil solution. There was no correlation between Si and Ca or Mg concentration in soil solution.

The article describes the cooperation of non-governmental actors conducted by Christian High School 1 Salatiga and the Institute of Chinese Language Course "Sha Hua" by OCA (Overseas Chinese Affairs). This article is the beginning of a process of cooperation to the success achieved from the cooperation between Christian High School 1 Salatiga and the Institute of Chinese Language Course "Sha Hua" With OCA (Overseas Chinese Affairs) in the improvement of human resources as development indicators by displaying a different dimension. This article also describes the cooperation Christian High School 1 Salatiga and the Institute for Language Course Mandarin "Sha Hua" which embodies the development of education through scholarships, cooperation model performed by actors non-government (in this case Christian High School 1 Salatiga and the Institute for Language Course Mandarin "Sha Hua") to the role of education to national development. Perspective theory used to analyze the cooperation of non-governmental actors is the theory of globalization, international cooperation theory and the theory of social capital (social capital). The method used was a case study (case study). From the data analysis found that: First, cooperation between non-governmental actors is made up of trust fosters a strong commitment to the same goal, and it allows the understanding that has been formed is not easy to be stopped just because of interrelated to one another; Secondly, the State is a partner cooperation between non-governmental actors become the most important thing to consider in a partnership; and Third, education is very important role in human development.

Establishment Jetis sub terminal agribusiness in the region of Bandungan as a vegetable center market is the solution to increase availability of food in sufficient quantity and quality at affordable prices and distribution by society. On the other hand it opens new jobs that workers carrying. Workers carrying also referred to as porters and manol. This study aims to identify and describe the role of social capital on the workers carrying with sellers and buyers in the sub terminal agribusiness Jetis, Bandungan Semarang regency. This type of research is qualitative with a constructivist approach, which began November 2016-February 2017 on the workers carrying / manol in Jetis sub terminal agribusiness, Bandungan. Data collected through observation and interviews. The results of this study indicate social capital as a means of supporting the success of the progress of the sub terminal agribusiness Jetis. The existence of strong social capital role in the sustainability of economic enterprises and also in employment any market participants. Research shows that their trust in the form of mutual trust, honesty, openness and helpfulness. Then forms the norm that happens is to be professional and responsible job. Furthermore, the network manifest in the form of kinship and were both looking for life.

The spice commodity has long been a mainstay of Indonesian exports to the world. Therefore, export of spice commodities needs to be maintained and increased in value in order to balance Indonesia’s trade balance. The potential of the European Union 15 as a large export market for Indonesian spices, so the export of spice commodities must be increased. The current worsening situation (the Sino-United States trade war) has increased the urgency of Indonesia’s exports to other countries. Specifically, this study aims to see the comparative development of Indonesian spice exports to the European Union 15. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) and Trade Balance Index (TBI) are used to determine the position of export competitiveness of spices in the European Union 15. The results showed that the RCA value for nutmeg, pepper and cloves > 1 so that the commodity is a competitive spice commodity and is in the maturity stage because it has a TBI> 0.8. Ginger has no competitiveness and is still in the export growth stage. Based on the RSCA, the variations in the competitiveness of the spices of nutmeg, pepper, and cloves during the period 2008 - 2018 have a value of> 0 which means that it has comparative competitiveness, while for ginger the value is <0 so that ginger does not have comparative competitiveness. Efforts that can be taken to further increase export competitiveness in the global market are by developing production and productivity so that they can export to other potential markets such as the Americas and Asia.

Personal hygiene behavior is one effort to prevent the occurrence of various diseases due to microorganism from the waste. Children aged 6 - 11 years are still vulnerable awareness about personal hygiene. Factors of knowledge, environment, and family support become the determinants of personal hygiene practices by children. Children living in landfill have a greater risk of health disruption due to an environment that does not support personal hygiene. The purpose of this study was to look at the pattern of personal hygiene of primary school age children living in the TPA Ngronggo, Salatiga. This research is descriptive qualitative. Collecting data by interviewing respondents aged 6 - 11 years and living in landfill. The results obtained, most children do not fully understand and practice personal hygiene in their daily lives. Concluded if the children living in the landfill do not have the knowledge and practice of personal hygiene is good.

Growth and production of corn plants require land with sufficient nutrients. Utilization of biological fertilizers and organic materials carried out with the aim of increasing the yield of corn. The treatments that were tried were the provision of compost, livestock manure, compost and livestock manure, each of which was added by spraying a consortium of biological fertilizer. The experiment was designed using a randomized block design with five replications. The results showed that the application of organic-based fertilizers affected plant height from 17 - 49 days after planting, weight of fruit with kelobot, weight of cob and ear length. Provision of compost or livestock manure and added with a biological fertilizer consortium by spray gives a higher effect compared to the provision of compost or livestock manure which is not added to the consortium of biological fertilizer. To increase the productivity of maize plants it is recommended to use a consortium of biological fertilizers applied by spraying at intervals of seven days until the plants are 49 days after planting.

This article aims to describe impact of fiscal transfer such as village funds allocation towards regional inequality in East Sumba. This article use data such as gross regional domestic product at 2000 constant prices and realization of village funds allocation from 2008 to 2010. The result shows  that village funds allocation has a positive and significant impact to regional inequality. Therefore, it’s necessary to create a generative relationship among developed region with the area behind it to remove regional inequality.