<p><em>The eye is an organ that is very important for activities and is a window to the world because it has the function of seeing. The eye as an organ can survive damage for a long time. The structure of a healthy person's eye organ, especially at a young age, is smooth and flexible. This is because the eye lens can adjust its shape to see objects clearly at a certain distance and lighting. If this ability is lost, an eye disorder occurs known as presbyopia or old eyes.</em><em> Based on this problem, the research discusses color segmentation in old eyes using the Fuzzy C mean cluster method. This method works by partitioning data based on the distance between the input data and the nearest cluster center. The cluster center is always updated repeatedly until an optimal cluster division is obtained. Recurrence is based on minimizing the objective function. The aim of the research carried out was to separate objects in the image of the old eye, which could later be used as a reference to determine the conditions, symptoms or diseases of the old eye. From the results of the tests carried out, separate front ground and background images can provide a clearer picture of what objects are in the old eye (Presbyopia). The first cluster is on the x = 0 to x = 0.5 axis with the cluster center indicated and the y axis = 0 to 0.8. what is the second clustering at coordinates x = 0.5 to x=1.0 and axis y=0 to y=0.8. with X1 at (0,0) and X2 at (0.8, 0.45).</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p class="IndexTerms"><strong>Keywords</strong>: Cluster, Fuzzy C Mean, Eyes, Presbyopia, Segmentation.</p><p class="Abstract" align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p class="Abstract" align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK  </strong></p><p class="Abstract">Mata adalah organ yang sangat penting untuk beraktivitas merupakan jendela dunia karena memiliki fungsi untuk melihat. Mata sebagai organ dapat bertahan dalam waktu yang lama dari kerusakan. Struktur organ mata orang yang sehat, khususnya saat usia muda bersifat halus dan fleksibel. Hal ini dikarenakan lensa mata bisa menyesuaikan bentuknya untuk melihat objek dengan jelas dalam jarak dan pencahayaan tertentu. Jika kemampuan itu hilang, maka terjadi gangguan mata yang dikenal dengan istilah presbyopia atau mata tua. Dari permasalahan tersebut penelitian membahas tentang segmentasi warna pada mata tua dengan menggunakan metode Fuzzy C mean cluster. Metode ini bekerja dengan mempartisi data berdasarkan pada jarak antara data masukan dengan pusat kluster terdekat. Pada pusat cluster selalu diupdate berulang-ulang sampai didapatkan pembagian kluster yang optimal. Perulangan didasarkan pada minimalisasi fungsi objektif. Tujuan penelitian yang dilakukan adalah memisahkan objek yang ada di citra mata tua, yang nantinya dapat di jadikan acuan untuk mengetahui kondisi, gejala atau penyakit yang ada pada mata tua tersebut. Dari hasil pengujian yang dilakukan dihasilkan, gambaran citra front ground dan background yang terpisah dapat memberikan gambaran lebih jelas objek apa saja yang ada pada mata tua (Presbyopia). Kluster pertama pada sumbu x = 0 sampai x = 0.5 dengan pusat kluster yang ditunjukkan dan sumbu y =0 sampai 0.8. klustering kedua berapa pada koordinat x = 0.5 sampai x=1.0 dan sumbu y=0 sampai y=0.8. dengan X1 pada (0,0) dan X2 pada (0.8, 0.45).           </p>

<p><em>The process of drying coffee beans often done by manually using sunlight which has its drawbacks, where coffee farmers cannot predict the weather which may rain at any time. If exposed to rain water, coffee beans that are slightly dry will become wet and moist again, which will affect the quality of the coffee beans. Therefore, in this research a literature study will be carried out, followed by the construction of an IoT-based coffee drying machine so that its condition can be monitored at any time. In the drying process, a PTC fan and heater will be used to regulate the temperature and humidity in the coffee drying machine to get better results in drying coffee. This research will also test how much temperature and humidity are optimal in the coffee drying machine, because it will also affect the drying time and the quality of the coffee produced. To determine the quality of the coffee beans and develop a coffee drying machine, researchers will collaborate with UKM Boyolali which has experience in drying coffee beans. IoT-based dying coffee machine has been made, with dimensions (80 x 47 x 115) cm, drying capacity of 30 grams, using electric fuel which is integrated with temperature and humidity sensors which function as drying temperature controllers, with measurement error calibration results of 1.2 and organoleptic tests show that the quality of the coffee produced by the tool/machine is better than the coffee produced by manual heating, where the coffee beans heated by the machine have a strong coffee aroma but do not smell burnt, the color is even, light brown in color and has a bitter taste and when crushed and dissolved there is no precipitate on the surface. The optimum temperature for the IoT-based dying coffee machine is 80ºC in 883 seconds or the equivalent of 15 minutes, which is equivalent to traditional drying by relying on sunlight for 10 days, while the optimal humidity for the IoT-based dying coffee machine is 15 %, this is in accordance with the quality standards of coffee as a result of heating.</em>         </p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: </em><em>Coffee beans</em><em>,</em><em> Drying coffee machine, IoT</em></p><p> </p><p class="Abstract" align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK  </strong></p><p class="Abstract">Pada proses pengeringan biji kopi saat ini masih sering dilakukan secara manual menggunakan sinar matahari yang memiliki kekurangan, dimana petani kopi tidak bisa memprediksi cuaca yang kemungkinan bisa terjadi hujan setiap saat. Jika terkena air hujan biji kopi yang agak kering akan menjadi basah dan lembab kembali, dimana akan jadi berpengaruh pada kualitas dari biji kopi tersebut. Oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan study literature, yang dilanjutkan dengan pembuatan mesin drying kopi berbasis IoT sehingga bisa dipantau kondisinya setiap saat. Pada proses pengeringan akan digunakan fan dan heater PTC untuk mengatur suhu dan kelembapan di dalam mesin drying kopi untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih bagus dalam pengeringan kopi. Pada penelitian ini juga akan diujikan seberapa besar suhu dan kelembapan yang optimal di dalam mesin drying kopi, karena akan berpengaruh juga pada waktu pengeringan dan kualitas kopi yang dihasilkan. Untuk menentukan kualitas dari biji kopi dan mengembangkan mesin drying kopi peneliti akan bekerjasama dengan UKM Boyolali yang sudah berpengalaman dibidang pengeringan biji kopi. Telah dibuat mesin dying kopi yang berbasis IoT, dengan dengan dimensi (80 x 47 x 115) cm, kapasitas pengeringan 30 gram, menggunakan bahan bakar listrik yang terintegrasi dengan sénsor suhu dan kelembaban yang berfungsi sebagai pengontrol suhu pengeringan, dengan hasil kalibrasi error pengukuran sebesar 1,2 dan uji organoleptic menunjukan bahwa kualitas kopi hasil alat/ mesin lebih bagus dibandingkan dengan kopi hasil pemanasan manual, dimana biji kopi hasil pemanasan dengan mesin mempunyai aroma kopi kuat namun tidak beraroma gosong, warna merata, berwarna coklat muda dan mempunyai rasa pahit dan ketika ditumbuk dan dilarutkan tidak ada endapan dipermukaan. Suhu optimal pada mesin dying kopi yang berbasis IoT adalah 80ºC dalam kurun waktu 883 detik atau setara dengan 15 menit yang mana hasil tersebut setara dengan pengeringan secara tradisional dengan mengandalkan sinar matahari selama 10 hari, sedangkan kelembapan optimal pada mesin dying kopi yang berbasis IoT adalah 15%, hal ini sesuai dengan baku mutu kopi hasil pemanasan.</p>

This research aims to increase knowledge and insight in the field of industrial economics and aims to analyze industrial competitive strategies in facing technological advances. The research method uses qualitative methods and library research. The data collection technique is to record important information in carrying out data analysis by means of data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions to obtain conclusions. The results of the research show that Indonesia's industrial strategy is to be able to survive in competition and import substitution must be increased to meet the needs of a growing society. increasing even though industry can be one of the strategies in the industrial sector that can be developed in the future in an effort to realize Indonesia's economic growth.

 The purpose of this study is to examine the system of recovering state financial losses in the criminal justice system for corruption in Indonesia and the reconstruction of state financial losses as an alternative to imprisonment. This research is included in non-doctrinal research, using normative-empirical research methods. The results of the research describe, the recovery of state financial losses carried out by the Prosecutor's Office through asset tracing and the implementation of Judge's decisions, does not indicate the existence of an optimal law enforcement system for efforts to save state assets. Only an average of 12.3%. It is necessary to reconstruct the recovery of state financial losses by reconstructing Article 4 Jo Article 18 Paragraph (1) letter b of Law no. 20 of 2001 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 31 of 1991 and the reconstruction of Article 5 paragraph (1) letter b Regulation of the Attorney General of the Republic of Indonesia No. 15 of 2020, namely the return of state finances can be realized in the settlement of cases through a restorative justice approach at the High Court as an alternative to imprisonment. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengkaji mengenai sistem pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara dalam sistem pemidanaan tindak pidana korupsi di Indonesia dan rekonstruksi pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara sebagai alternatif pengganti pidana penjara. Penelitian ini masuk dalam penelitian non-doktrinal, dengan menggunakan metode penelitian normatif-empiris, Hasil penelitian menjabarkan, pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara yang dilaksanakan oleh Kejaksaan melalui aset tracing dan pelaksanaan putusan Hakim, tidak menunjukan adanya suatu sistem penegakan hukum yang optimal terhadap upaya penyelamatan kekayaan negara. Hanya rata-rata sebesar 12,3%. Perlu adanya rekonstruksi pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara dengan melakukan rekonstruksi Pasal 4 Jo Pasal 18 Ayat (1) huruf b UU No. 20 tahun 2001 tentang Perubahan Kedua Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1991 dan rekonstruksi Pasal 5 ayat (1) huruf b Peraturan Jaksa Agung RI No. 15 Tahun 2020, yakni pengembalian keuangan negara dapat diwujudkan dalam penyelesaian perkara melalui pendekatan restorative justice di Kejaksaan Tinggi sebagai alternatif pengganti pidana penjara. 

The purpose of this study was to find out the legal implications for village heads who did not carry out the decisions of the state administrative court in dismissing village officials. This research is very important given the existence of polemics about the appointment and dismissal of village officials and the village head's non-compliance in carrying out the decisions of the state administrative court. This study uses normative legal research methods. The results of this study are that the village head in carrying out appointments and dismissal of village officials must consult and obtain recommendations from the camat. The decision of the state administrative court has executorial power so that all parties are obliged to carry it out either voluntarily or by force. The legal consequences for villages that do not implement the decisions of the state administrative court are subject to moderate administrative sanctions as referred to in Article 80 paragraph (2) jo. Article 72 paragraph (1) Law no. 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration. Whereas in the event that the village head takes an action contrary to the decision of the state administrative court which has legal force, it will still be subject to severe administrative sanctions as referred to in Article 80 paragraph (3) jo. Article 17 Law no. 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui implikasi hukum terhadap kepala desa yang tidak melaksanakan putusan pengadilan tata usaha negara dalam pemberhentian perangkat desa. Penelitian ini sangat penting mengingat adanya polemik tentang pengangkatan dan pemberhentian perangkat desa serta ketidakpatuan kepala desa melaksanakan putusan pengadilan tata usaha negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu kepala desa dalam melakukan pengangkatan dan pemberhentian perangkat desa wajib berkonsultasi dan mendapatkan rekomendasi camat. Putusan pengadilan tata usaha negara mempunyai kekuatan eksekutorial sehingga semua pihak wajib melaksanakannya baik dilakukan secara sukarela maupun dengan upaya paksa. Akibat hukum terhadap kepada desa yang tidak melaksanakan putusan pengadilan tata usaha negara dikenai sanksi administrasi sedang sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 80 ayat (2) jo. Pasal 72 ayat (1) UU No. 30 Tahun 2014 tentang Administrasi Pemerintahan. Sedangkan dalam hal kepala desa melakukan tindakan bertentangan dengan putusan pengadilan tata usaha negara yang berkekuatan hukum tetap dikenai sanksi adminstrasi berat sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 80 ayat (3) jo. Pasal 17 UU No. 30 Tahun 2014 tentang Administrasi Pemerintahan.     

The number of certified halal products from business actors in the area of the South Pontianak Sub-district tends to be low. This study aimed to determine the role of business actors in implementing halal product guarantees in the South Pontianak city area with the title of the role of business actors in guaranteeing halal products in the South Pontianak sub-District area. This type of research is a qualitative approach using a juridical sociological system. The population in this study consists of business actors in the South Pontianak Sub-district area. Data collection techniques involved observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. The results of this study indicate that business actors in ensuring halal products in the South Pontianak sub-district area have not been optimally implemented as they experienced some obstacles; firstly, business actors are unaware of the obligation to register their products; secondly, the registration process for Halal certification is difficult and costly. The efforts made by business actors in ensuring halal products are by joining the MSME group, which assists in product registration, obtaining halal certificates, and receiving guidance and socialization from the government.  

The aim of this study is to find out and analyze the role of controllers in protecting the interests of publicly-listed company investors by ensuring the implementation of good corporate governance principles. The delay of the implementation of the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders and the publication of annual financial statements are two examples of non-fulfillment of the principles of good corporate governance namely transparency and accountability, which resulting temporary suspending trading of its shares by Indonesia Stock Exchange. When the role of the controller as shareholder who has the ability to control the company is ineffective because the shareholding of the company is less than 50%, the undertake of investors protection become an issue. This research was conducted based on a juridical-normative approach with analytical descriptive specifications based on secondary data. The results of this study revealed that the controller has several mechanisms to control the company to reduce losses for shareholders. However, the determination of a controller with less than 50% shareholding of the company’s shares results in the controlling role towards the company become ineffective and potentially detrimental to the interests of investors. The difference between this research and the previous lies in the object of this study which discusses the role of controllers in ensuring the fulfillment of the principles of good corporate governance so that they can provide protection to investors.

Modeling the payment registration application for courses at Sanger Learning, based on a website using UML, is a research project aimed at developing a model or design for the course registration payment system at Sanger Learning that can be implemented using Unified Modeling Language (UML). UML is a visual modeling language used to design and develop information systems.

This research explores the new culture and its implications for Generation Z's religion in the social context of contemporary society. Using a sociological and anthropological approach to society, this research analyzes the cultural changes of Generation Z and its impact on the religious dimension. Data was collected through interviews, observation, and analysis of social media content. The results show that the new culture has significant implications for Generation Z's religion, including changes in religious practices, exploration of individualistic forms of religion, and attention to social and humanitarian dimensions. This research provides a broad understanding of the religious dynamics of Generation Z in contemporary new culture and its important implications in facing cultural change.

Support Vector Machine (SVM) dapat digunakan untuk mengklasifikasikan analisis sentimen ke dalam sentimen positif atau negatif. Dalam penelitian ini data sentimen diambil dari Twitter dengan topik pemekaran Papua. Karena SVM memiliki kelemahan dalam pemilihan fitur pada saat pengklasifikasian maka diterapkan fitur optimasi algoritma SVM menggunakan feature selection. Dua metode feature selection yang digunakan adalah Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) dan Genetic Algorithm (GA). Tweet yang diambil sebanyak 839 data tweet, yang kemudian dibagi menjadi 640 data untuk proses training dan 199 data untuk proses testing. Proses pengolahan data dibagi ke dalam dua tahap yakni data training dan data testing. Pengujian dilakukan sebanyak empat model yaitu dengan algoritma SVM, SVM+PSO, SVM+GA, SVM+PSO+GA. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pemodelan SVM+PSO+GA memperoleh nilai akurasi terbaik sebesar 95.00% dengan nilai AUC sebesar 0.912
Kata Kunci : Analisis sentiment, Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Support Vector Macine (SVM), Twitter.