Leadership is a critical aspect of organizational management, influencing individual and group behavior to achieve shared goals. This article explores the foundational concepts of leadership, encompassing definitions, theories, and typologies of effective leaders. The study employs a literature review method, drawing on recent academic journals, proceedings, and books. Findings emphasize that effective leadership involves adaptive strategies tailored to organizational needs and the dynamic challenges of the modern era. Key leadership typologies, including transformational, transactional, and situational leadership, are highlighted as crucial for fostering innovation and organizational growth. The study underscores the need for leaders to balance vision, influence, and motivation to achieve sustainable success.

Oral health is an important aspect in maintaining the quality of life of the elderly. However, the elderly often face challenges in maintaining oral hygiene due to decreased physical abilities, changes in cognitive status, and lack of knowledge and access to dental health services. This study aims to identify factors that influence oral hygiene in the elderly and to develop an effective community-based intervention to improve oral hygiene among the elderly. The methods used in this study included a survey of knowledge, attitudes, and oral hygiene practices before and after counseling, as well as direct observation of oral hygiene in 50 elderly in the local community. The intervention was carried out through counseling, training, and providing support from family and community. The results showed a significant increase in knowledge of the elderly, from 60% before counseling to 85% after. Positive attitudes also increased, with more than 80% of the elderly showing a stronger intention to maintain oral hygiene independently. Oral hygiene practices also improved, with 75% of participants reporting brushing their teeth at least twice a day after the intervention, compared to 40% before the intervention. In addition, family and community support play an important role in facilitating these behavioral changes. The conclusion of this study is that a comprehensive community-based intervention is effective in improving oral hygiene in the elderly. This approach, which combines education, attitude change, and social support, can be a model adopted in oral health programs in other communities to improve the quality of life of the elderly.

This study aims to examine the relationship between empathy and emotional independence in 9th grade students of SMP Sejahtera Koja, North Jakarta. The background of this study is the importance of empathy as an aspect of emotional intelligence in social interaction, which is increasingly fading among adolescents, as well as the role of emotional independence as an indicator of individual emotional maturity. The study used a quantitative approach with 69 respondents, through data collection using a Likert scale-based questionnaire. The results of simple linear regression analysis showed that the effect of empathy on emotional independence is very small (R value = 0.194 and coefficient of determination of 3.8%). This finding suggests that other factors, such as parenting, environment and social interaction, are more dominant in influencing emotional independence. This study is expected to contribute to the development of a holistic education program in improving students' empathy and emotional independence.

Higher education is said to be of quality if the learning process takes place effectively and students gain experiences that are meaningful to themselves and beneficial to society and national development. The educational units that provide higher education are universities, one of which is the University of Timor. Every year, the University of Timor always searches for students through new student admissions which are carried out with socialization and promotional activities. This activity was carried out as a form of effort by the University of Timor to be able to provide information regarding new student admissions and to socialize a positive image to attract students' attention about the University of Timor. Socialization and promotional activities are carried out in the form of lectures, discussions and questions and answers. This activity was carried out at SMAN 1 East Tasifeto. The results of this activity went well and were able to increase students' interest in continuing higher education at the University of Timor as seen from their enthusiasm in asking further questions about how to register.

Clean water is a fundamental necessity for public health, as water contamination can lead to various health problems, such as gastrointestinal infections, skin diseases, and other health issues. Screening for water contamination by Escherichia coli bacteria and Corynebacterium spp. is essential to ensure water quality remains safe. This community service activity was conducted in the Duri Kosambi area, focusing on education and water quality testing. The program included planning educational sessions on the risks of water contamination, implementing screenings using colony-forming unit (CFU) parameters to detect Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium spp., and evaluating results to provide preventive recommendations. The findings revealed variations in contamination levels across locations, with some meeting cleanliness standards, while others, such as B04, showed extreme contamination. This activity highlights the importance of community education, regular water quality monitoring, and water treatment to prevent health risks. Collaboration among communities, governments, and health organizations is crucial to maintaining sustainable access to high-quality clean water.

Bullying in the school environment is a problem that has a serious impact on students' emotional, social and academic development. This research aims to analyze efforts to prevent bullying behavior through a collaborative-based Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) learning approach for students at SMP Negeri 35 Medan. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. The research subjects were PPKn teachers and students in grades VII and VIII of SMP Negeri 35 Medan. The research results show that collaborative-based Civics learning is effective in increasing students' awareness about the impact of bullying and strengthening positive social relationships between them. Supporting factors for implementing this method include teacher support, student enthusiasm, and school policies, while inhibiting factors include time constraints and students' lack of initial understanding about collaboration. The results of this research show that the collaborative learning approach in Civics is able to create a safe and inclusive learning environment, while preventing bullying behavior. This research recommends further development of collaborative methods involving learning technology to strengthen the results achieved.

The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly impacted education, particularly in providing personalized learning and administrative efficiency. However, questions arise about whether the teacher's role remains relevant in this technological era. This study aims to examine the role of teachers in the context of AI development through a literature review method, analyzing previous research on AI integration in education. The findings reveal that while AI excels in data processing and adaptive learning, teachers maintain an irreplaceable role in building emotional connections, instilling moral values, and guiding students' character development. Teachers also act as mentors who provide motivation and facilitators who create interactive learning environments. These findings highlight the importance of collaboration between AI and teachers to create more inclusive and effective education. Therefore, AI should be seen not as a replacement but as a tool to enhance the teacher's role in fostering holistic student development.
 

Sundanese culture is one of Indonesia's rich and unique cultures. Sundanese culture is known as a culture that upholds high manners. Sundanese has very diverse arts, for example pupuh, pupuh can be categorized as one of the Sundanese arts. Pupuh is an inseparable part of Sundanese tradition and culture, so preserving it means preserving cultural heritage. Pupuh is also a traditional poetic work in Sundanese literature that has characteristics that have certain rules such as the number of syllables (guru wilangan), the final sound of the word (guru lagu), and the number of lines (pada lisan) in each stanza. In addition, pupuh also has its own character or characteristics that distinguish it from one another. However, pupuh is not just written poetry. Pupuh is also often combined with music and dance. So that it becomes a complete art performance. Pupuh production involves creativity in word choice, rhyme and rhythm to convey a message. The themes raised in pupuh are very diverse, ranging from love, affection, life, daily life, to advice and moral teachings. Through pupuh, we can understand more about the history, customs and noble values of the Sundanese people.Pupuh kinanti and pupuh balakbak are pupuh in Sundanese literature. Pupuh kinanti is a pupuh known for its expression of affection. The characteristic of pupuh kinanti lies in its guru wilangan and guru lagunya. While pupuh balakbak is a pupuh that is more inclined to the theme of humor, satire, and even social criticism. The language used is more relaxed and straightforward, has a different guru song and guru wilangan from kinanti. The basic difference between pupuh kinanti and balakbak lies in the theme, atmosphere, and social function. Pupuh kinanti is more introspective and explores inner feelings while pupuh balakbak is more extroverted and functions as a means of entertainment.Besides being a form of self-expression, pupuh also has social functions such as education, entertainment, and cultural preservation. Pupuh has developed over time, both in terms of form and content. Pupuh is not only present in literary works, but also in the daily life of the Sundanese community, for example in folk songs or rhymes.

The rapid development of digital technology demands character education as well as ethical guidelines for interacting in social media, especially social media manners in Islamic views at Berkah Integrated MTs Palangkaraya. This study aims to assess the validity of teaching modules on adab social media in the view of Islam for class VIII students of MTs Terpadu Berkah. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model at the analysis and design stages. Validation was carried out by four experts, namely 2 material experts, and 2 design experts. The assessment included six aspects: content suitability, alignment with the curriculum, relevance to students, language, layout and design, and learning evaluation. Data were analyzed using a Likert scale to calculate the percentage of validity. The results showed that the teaching module had an average validity of 80%, which included the valid category. This shows that the module is feasible to use in learning. However, there are some minor revisions that need to be made, such as improving visual design, images, fonts, and simplifying language, and adding learning activities that are more interactive and fun. In conclusion, this teaching module can be used as a teacher's guide in learning that helps students understand and apply social media manners in accordance with Islamic values. Additional revisions from validators are expected to increase the effectiveness of the teaching module for students

Currently, social media has become an important part of the lives of the younger generation. On one hand, social media offers great benefits such as access to information, social networking, and creativity. However, irresponsible use can trigger negative impacts, one of which is moral decadence, especially among the younger generation. This research aims to analyze the impact of social media on the moral decadence of the younger generation and to design solutions based on Pancasila values. The method used is a literature review, analyzing information from various relevant academic sources. The research results show that social media, although beneficial, contributes to various moral issues, such as the increase in online bullying, the use of inappropriate language, becoming individualistic/antisocial, and engaging in cybercrime. As a solution, the values of Pancasila are implemented through spiritual education, digital campaigns that instill empathy and solidarity, promotion of tolerance and unity, as well as the enhancement of digital literacy. This research concludes that the implementation of Pancasila values can be a relevant and solution-oriented approach to addressing the moral decadence of the younger generation in the digital era.