Garbage is a dangerous object that can also kill people. Currently, news is circulating on television that the amount of inorganic waste and organic waste is increasing. Therefore, humans need good and correct waste processing so that this does not result in damage to the environment and ecosystem around us. If we reduce waste by recycling inorganic waste and inorganic waste then natural damage or other disasters will not occur. Therefore, recycling waste is very important for humans.

This article discusses the role of inculturation catechesis in Catholic faith formation for people with a Kaharingan faith background in Stasi Santa Anastasia Muara Napu, Mandam Parish, Diocese of Banjarmasin. Since 2014, there has been a gradual transition from Kaharingan to Catholicism in this area, which presents important challenges in integrating Catholic teachings with the strong Kaharingan culture. This descriptive qualitative research explores the strategic role of catechists as facilitators in delivering Catholic teachings in harmony with local traditions. The approach includes coaching for parents as the main pillar in the family and the Church, as well as how the inculturation process can help maintain the balance between faith and cultural identity. The results show that the inculturation approach by integrating the teachings of the Catholic faith and local culture is able to increase acceptance of Catholic teachings without compromising the cultural heritage of the people. The findings highlight the important role of catechists in accompanying the conversion process and supporting people in building families rooted in their traditional values.

The utilization of natural materials in household products is increasingly in demand along with the increasing awareness of the importance of maintaining environmental sustainability.One innovative way to utilize natural materials is by utilizing pandanus leaves into natural dyes. Pandanus extract was chosen because of its active compounds that have antibacterial properties and a refreshing aroma.This activity was carried out with the women of the Forum Kesehatan Keluarga (FKK) in Jogoprono RW VI Sadeng Village, Gunungpati District, Semarang City. The purpose of this activity is to increase community awareness and skills in using environmentally friendly soaps that are not only beneficial for health but also contribute positively to the environment.The methodology used in this paper uses a qualitative method with an experimental approach.The results of the activity show that the utilization of pandanus extract in liquid soap not only provides an alternative cleaning product that is safer for the environment but also empowers the local community through active involvement in the production process. In addition, this activity is expected to serve as a model for similar initiatives in creating eco-friendly products that empower communities and support environmental conservation.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between investment and economic growth in North Sumatra Province during the period of 2005–2023. The main focus is on how investment, both Domestic Investment (PMDN) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), influences the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) as the primary indicator of economic growth. Using a descriptive qualitative method based on secondary data, the study finds that FDI tends to have a more significant impact on economic growth compared to domestic investment. Moreover, investment also plays a role in increasing employment opportunities and interacts with other variables such as inflation and government spending. The findings show that the impact of investment on economic growth can vary depending on macroeconomic conditions and other structural factors. Therefore, optimizing investment requires support from inclusive and sustainable development policies.

This research aims to examine the influence of economic factors on the dropout rate in Sumbang District, Banyumas Regency. Quantitative methods are used by collecting data through questionnaires and secondary data sources, then analyzed using multiple linear regression. The main variables studied are unemployment and poverty as economic factors that affect education. The results of the analysis show that both variables have a significant influence on the level of education with a contribution of 23.8% to the variation in dropouts. In addition to economic factors, there are also other factors that play an important role such as student motivation, family support, social environment, and health conditions. This study concludes that handling the problem of dropping out of school must be carried out with a comprehensive approach that does not only focus on financial assistance, but also on improving the quality of education and a conducive learning environment

This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the influence of financial performance and Good Corporate Governance (GCG) on tax avoidance practices. The method used in this study is a literature study by analyzing and synthesizing 10 published journals related to this topic. Analysis of the study results proves that financial performance such as Return on Assets (ROA) and profitability have a positive relationship with tax avoidance, while Good Corporate Governance (GCG) through an independent board, institutional ownership, and an audit committee can significantly reduce tax avoidance practices. These findings support agency theory which emphasizes the importance of supervision and transparency in controlling conflicts of interest between management and shareholders. This study provides practical implications for regulators and companies to strengthen corporate governance in order to balance tax optimization and tax compliance

Stingless bee (Trigona sp.) cultivation presents significant potential for livestock diversification, improved food security, and rural economic development. Although this practice offers clear advantages, including low maintenance requirements, minimal environmental risk, and the high nutritional and commercial value of its honey, its adoption in Lempake Subdistrict, North Samarinda, East Kalimantan, remains limited. This situation is primarily due to a lack of community awareness and technical knowledge in apiculture. In response, a community service program was conducted on 10 May 2025 by lecturers from the Faculty of Agriculture, Mulawarman University, in collaboration with local farmer groups and supported by the Samarinda City Government. The program provided structured training through field visits, lectures, interactive discussions, and practical demonstrations at selected apiaries. Post-training evaluations showed a substantial improvement in participants’ understanding of colony management, hygienic honey harvesting, and the economic prospects of stingless bee products. Additionally, the program encouraged entrepreneurial interest and supported the development of value-added functional food products based on local resources. These findings indicate that targeted training and institutional collaboration are effective in promoting sustainable stingless beekeeping practices. Future initiatives should focus on continued technical support and the integration of apiculture products into local and digital markets to enhance competitiveness and economic impact.

This study discusses the comparison of taxation systems between developed and developing countries, focusing on the strategic role of taxes in national development, tax administration challenges, and the relationship between public service quality and taxpayer compliance. Using a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method, this research compares Sweden, a developed country known for its transparent and efficient tax system, with Indonesia, a developing country that still faces challenges in tax collection and administration. The findings reveal that the success of a tax system depends greatly on transparency, public service quality, and public trust. In developed countries, taxes serve not only as state revenue but also as tools for income redistribution and economic control. Meanwhile, in developing countries, the main obstacles include low compliance, legal uncertainty, weak enforcement, and underdeveloped administrative culture. Therefore, tax reform is essential to improve tax system effectiveness and public participation. This study recommends regulatory improvement, increased tax literacy, and service innovation to build a fair, transparent, and sustainable tax system.

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilaksanakan untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan perkembangan psikologis, kesehatan mental, dan manajemen konflik bagi para seminaris di era digital. Program ini dilakukan bekerja sama dengan Seminari Menengah St. Paulus Palembang melalui serangkaian tahapan yang terstruktur. Tahap awal mencakup koordinasi dengan mitra, penyusunan materi pelatihan, serta pengembangan instrumen umpan balik. Pelatihan yang diberikan mencakup topik penting seperti perkembangan psikologis remaja, kesadaran akan kesehatan mental, dan strategi penyelesaian konflik dengan menekankan nilai-nilai Kristiani seperti kasih dan pengampunan. Selain itu, lokakarya dan diskusi juga dilakukan untuk mendorong refleksi mengenai penggunaan teknologi digital dalam formatio spiritual. Umpan balik dari peserta menunjukkan peningkatan kesadaran akan kesehatan mental, pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang manajemen konflik, serta perlunya pengelolaan teknologi secara bijak. Sebagian besar seminaris juga menyatakan minat untuk mengikuti sesi lanjutan atau pendampingan jangka panjang guna mendukung penerapan ilmu yang telah diperoleh. Program ini ditutup dengan pengumpulan data, penyusunan laporan akhir, serta publikasi hasil dalam media massa dan jurnal akademik. Umpan balik positif dari peserta menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan ini memiliki relevansi dan dampak yang signifikan dalam membekali seminaris dengan keterampilan esensial untuk formatio di era digital.

This study aims to improve the singing skills of sixth grade students at State Elementary School 173632 through the national song "Indonesia Raya". application of vocal techniques. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach with a classroom action research (CAR) method approach which is carried out in several cycles, including the stages of planning, implementation of actions, observation, and reflection. The results of the study indicate that the systematic application of vocal techniques can improve the quality of students' singing. Diaphragm breathing exercises help students control their voices more stably, articulation techniques make song lyrics clearer, intonation exercises improve pitch accuracy, and expression techniques help students convey emotions in songs better. Data analysis shows an increase in the average singing skills of students from the category of sufficient to good after being given action. In addition, the results of observations show that the majority of students feel more confident and enjoy learning to sing with a vocal technique approach. Thus, this study can help improve students' vocal skills as well as knowledge for students and teachers as well as for readers.