This study aims to examine and compare the expenditure and income patterns between traditional market traders in Sukaramai Market and MMTC with street vendors operating around the State University of Medan (UNIMED). This study is based on the main differences between the two groups, especially related to business legality, sales location, and operational costs, which have the potential to affect business effectiveness and the economic welfare of the actors. The comparative quantitative method was used to collect data through questionnaires and Simple Random Sampling sampling techniques on 45 respondents, consisting of 30 market traders and 15 street vendors. The collected data were then analyzed using statistical inference techniques to obtain accurate and reliable parameter estimates. The results of the study show that market traders have an average income of IDR 9.37 million with expenses of IDR 6.7 million per month, so that the net profit obtained reaches IDR 2.67 million. Meanwhile, street vendors have an average income of IDR 7.2 million and expenses of IDR 5.53 million, so that their net profit is around IDR 1.67 million. Although market traders' expenses are higher, they still get a greater net profit. This study confirms that business location, legality, and management system factors significantly affect the efficiency and economic success of traders. This finding is very relevant as a basis for formulating fair and sustainable policies for empowering the informal sector, especially for small and micro traders in urban areas, in order to optimally improve their economic welfare.

Character education is one of the essential elements that must be systematically integrated into every aspect of higher education implementation, including the management of human resources (HR), which serves as a key pillar in the execution of education. This study aims to identify and analyze how character-oriented human resource management is implemented at Universitas Linggabuana PGRI Sukabumi. The research method used is qualitative descriptive, with data collection techniques including interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study show that HR management strategies are carried out through value-based staff selection, character training, integration of character values into the curriculum, and performance evaluations that emphasize integrity and work ethics. This approach fosters an organizational culture that continuously supports the development of student character. The implications of these findings indicate that HR management integrated with character education can strengthen the university’s mission to produce graduates who are not only competent but also morally grounded. This research provides an important contribution to the development of value-based HR management models and serves as a reference for higher education policies focused on character formation.

This study aims to analyze information technology service management (IT Service Management) in the product ordering process through the Klik Indomaret application developed by PT Indomarco Prismatama. As consumer demand for fast and efficient online shopping services increases, the company is required to provide a reliable, responsive, and user-friendly IT service system. This research employs a qualitative approach, using data collection techniques such as interviews, observations, and document analysis. The analysis is based on the ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library) framework to evaluate the effectiveness of service management in supporting core business processes. The findings indicate that although the Klik Indomaret application has positively contributed to streamlining the ordering process and improving customer satisfaction, several challenges remain, such as delays in stock data updates, system disruptions, and limited integration among IT services. Recommendations include enhancing system monitoring, optimizing the service desk, and strengthening incident management strategies. These findings are expected to serve as a foundation for the future development of more robust IT services.

 In this era of technology, to handle several obstacles in conventional ticket ordering such as long queues at the station, limited time owned by consumers, the process of delivering information about ticket prices for the day of departure or previous dates that cannot be processed, PT Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI) provides a solution through the KAI Access application which will facilitate ticket ordering, fast transaction process, reduce operational costs when ordering tickets, delivery of information about schedules and ticket prices that can be accessed quickly. By downloading the KAI Access application, the counter feels like it is in your hand, like the slogan buying tickets is as easy as updating status is one of PT. KAI's campaigns in the program buying tickets is easy.

Patient interest in herbal inpatient services at RSU Holistic Purwakarta has decreased compared to conventional services, despite the hospital's strengths in integrative approaches and competent medical professionals in the herbal sector. The low level of public literacy, lack of effective promotion, as well as the absence of a clear service package are the main challenges affecting patients' decision-making to choose herbal services. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the factors that influence patients' purchase intention towards herbal inpatient services and formulate appropriate marketing strategies to increase patient interest. To formulate the proposed strategy, the researcher conducted an internal and external analysis. The internal analysis included Marketing Mix (7P) evaluation and STP (Segmenting, Targeting, Positioning) analysis. External analysis includes consumer analysis, PESTLE, and competitor analysis. This research uses a mixed method, with a quantitative approach as the main method and qualitative as a complement. Quantitative data was collected through distributing questionnaires to 220 respondents who fit the population criteria. The questionnaire was designed based on the constructs of the 7P Marketing Mix theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), which includes attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method to test the relationship between research variables. The results showed that product, price, promotion, people, and process variables had a significant effect on purchase intention, while physical evidence had no significant effect. In addition, TPB variables consisting of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control also show a significant influence on patient intention. Based on these results, a marketing strategy was formulated using the TOWS Matrix approach classified in 7P elements and designed into three main solution pillars: (1) Public Awareness Strategy that includes public education through social media and community seminars, (2) Strategy to Strengthen Service Quality and Promotion Integration that focuses on strengthening service quality, developing clear service packages, and integrating cross-channel promotions, and (3) Personalized Service Development Strategy that tailors services to patients' needs and preferences. This strategy is expected to increase public awareness, form positive attitudes, and encourage patient decisions to use herbal inpatient services at Holistic Purwakarta Hospital.

Technological advancements have significantly influenced learning methods, including the implementation of digital-based learning. This study aims to analyze the impact of digital-based learning implementation on students' learning motivation. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were obtained through observations, interviews, and documentation with teachers as research subjects. The findings indicate that digital-based learning positively affects students' learning motivation by increasing their engagement through interactive media such as educational videos and gamification platforms. However, challenges such as infrastructure limitations and potential digital distractions were also identified. Therefore, appropriate strategies are needed to optimize the use of digital technology to enhance learning effectiveness and student motivation optimally.

Effective financial management is a major challenge for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Cikarang, especially in the culinary sector such as Ayam Geprek Bungsu. The main problems faced by business owners are economic limitations and uncertain fluctuations in raw material prices, which have an impact on the stability of cash flow and business profits. This condition results in suboptimal financial management, because often business owners are unable to separate personal and business finances, as well as difficulties in long-term budget planning. This activity aims to analyze the financial management of Ayam Geprek Bungsu and identify strategic steps that can be taken to improve financial efficiency. The research method used is a case study through interviews and analysis of simple financial statements. The results of the analysis show that the lack of regular financial records and the absence of a structured financial management system are the main causes of financial inefficiency. In addition, dependence on a single supplier for raw materials led to vulnerability to price increases. As a solution, this report recommends the implementation of a simple yet regular financial recording system, financial management training for business owners, and diversification of raw material suppliers to minimize the impact of price fluctuations. With these measures, Ayam Geprek Bungsu is expected to improve financial stability, optimize cash flow management, and ultimately strengthen business sustainability amid dynamic economic challenges. The growth and role of MSMEs can still be improved not only because of their resilience in the face of various economic shocks, but also their ability to provide employment, and overcome poverty.

This research aims to evaluate the level of orderliness of students in the implementation of tuition fee registration payments at the St. Fransiskus Assisi Catholic Pastoral College (STPKat) in the 2023/2024 Academic Year. Student orderliness in fulfilling registration payment obligations is an important factor that has an impact on the smoothness of the academic administration process and the operational sustainability of educational institutions. The research method used is descriptive quantitative, with data collection through observation, interviews and analysis of payment documents. The results of the research show the level of student compliance in carrying out tuition registration payments, the factors that influence late payments, as well as the institution's efforts to improve student order. It is hoped that this study can be a reference for the management of STPKat St. Fransiskus Assisi in formulating more effective policies and strategies to increase student discipline in paying tuition registration fees.

potential if managed well. The Depapre coastal area is famous for its marine tourism. The sea water is still clean and clear, beautiful coral reef cover and the charm of seagrass beds with various types of fish that live around them are what attract tourists to visit this area. However, aquatic ecosystems, especially macroalgae, are under threat of degradation. The aim of this research is to identify types of macroalgae as initial data for monitoring and consideration in efforts to process biological resources, especially the composition and distribution of macroalgae.The method used is the roaming method (road sampling), the population of this study is various types of macroalgae found in Dormena coastal waters, while the research sample is all types of macroalgae found in the roaming area. The data obtained was processed qualitatively using a macroalgae identification key book. The results of research in the waters of Doromena village, identified 9 species of macroalgae, namely Chaetomorpha spiralis Okamura (Chorophyta), Halimeda macroloba Decaisne (Chorophyta), Phadina australis Hauck (Phaeophyta), Sargassum binderi (Phaeophyta), Sargassum cristaefolium C. Agardh 1820 (Phaeophyta), Turbinaria conoides (J. Agardh) Kützing 1860 (Phaeophyta), Chondrus crispus Stackh (Rhodophyta), Corallina officinalis Linnaeus 1758 (Rhodophyta), and Gelidium sp. J. V. Lamouroux 1813 (Rhodophyta). 

The development of the MSME culinary industry is currently increasing, because culinary is a daily need for society. However, along with the development of the culinary era, it has not only become a consumer product, but now culinary has become a lifestyle for people. This research aims to determine the influence of entrepreneurial competence on the performance of Kertabumi Karawang MSMEs. This research uses quantitative research. The data collection techniques used are questionnaires, interviews, and observation of conditions at the research site. Testing the hypothesis in this research uses simple regression analysis. The results of this research show that competency has a significant positive effect on MSME business performance, increasing HR competency is a key strategy for improving MSME performance in the Kertabumi Karawang Center. Implementing competency improvement programs can help MSMEs become more competitive in local and regional markets.