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Waste management remains a critical environmental issue due to the lack of public awareness in separating organic and inorganic waste, resulting in accumulation and environmental pollution This study aims to analyze and evaluate the development of automatic waste sorting systems based on proximity sensors with full-capacity notification using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach.. The proposed system utilizes a combination of sensors, including proximity sensors for material identification and ultrasonic sensors for detecting object presence and bin capacity, integrated with a microcontroller for real-time processing. Additionally, the system is equipped with IoT-based monitoring that allows users to receive notifications when the waste bin reaches its capacity. The research method involves system design, hardware and software integration, and functional testing to evaluate system performance. The results indicate that the system is capable of sorting waste automatically with a high level of accuracy and responsiveness, while also providing real-time monitoring to support waste management operations. The implementation of this system can reduce manual intervention, increase operational efficiency, and promote better waste segregation practices. Furthermore, this study highlights the potential of integrating smart technology into environmental management systems, contributing both theoretically and practically to the development of sustainable waste management solutions.

Comparing gas flow measurement results using Ultrasonic Sensor Meters and Kelton software is very important because the objective is to determine whether the errors that occur are in accordance with applicable standards or not. This study aims to compare the simulation results from the Ultrasonic Flow Meter (USM) with Kelton software based on AGA 8, AGA 9, and ISO 6976 regulations. From measurements with the USM, an error value of 0.01% was obtained, while from Kelton software, an error value of 0.01% was also obtained. Thus, it can be concluded that the readings from both methods are still within the specified error tolerance range of 0.1%, so they do not cause excessive cost losses during the gas delivery process. This proves that the Ultrasonic Sensor Meter used has the ability to measure accurately, making it suitable for use as a measuring device in gas metering systems.  

The development of automation and robotics technology has driven innovation in various industrial fields, particularly in automatic sorting systems. Manual sorting processes often lead to inefficiencies and human errors, creating the need for an automatic, fast, and accurate system. This research employs a qualitative method which includes experimentation, testing, and system documentation. The system is designed as a robotic arm for sorting objects based on color, utilizing a TCS3200 color sensor and an ESP32 microcontroller. An ultrasonic sensor detects the presence of objects, while the sorting results are displayed through a real-time web monitoring system. The test results show that the prototype successfully sorts four primary colors (red, green, blue, and yellow) with a high level of accuracy. This research is expected to serve as a reference for the development of automation systems and robotics learning tools in both educational and industrial applications. In addition, this research also contributes to the development of technology that can increase efficiency and accuracy in industrial production processes and provide more environmentally friendly solutions by reducing the need for manual labor.

Akumulasi limbah yang tidak terkelola secara efektif menimbulkan ancaman serius bagi keberlanjutan lingkungan dan kesehatan masyarakat global, khususnya di kawasan urban padat penduduk. Meskipun teknologi pemilahan sampah otomatis telah berkembang, sistem eksisting sering kali terkendala efisiensi energi yang rendah dan isu higienitas akibat ketergantungan pada kontak fisik atau penggunaan sistem kamera yang aktif terus-menerus (always-on). Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang Sistem Pemilah Sampah Cerdas Hibrida yang mengintegrasikan teknologi visi komputer algoritma YOLOv8 Nano dengan sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04 untuk mewujudkan solusi pemilahan nirkontak (touchless). Menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D), sistem ini menawarkan mekanisme manajemen daya efisien, di mana sensor ultrasonik bertindak sebagai pemicu jarak dekat (<10 cm) yang secara otomatis membuka pintu sampah dan mengaktifkan kamera akuisisi citra hanya ketika objek terdeteksi. Model YOLOv8 dilatih menggunakan dataset sebanyak 25.077 citra yang bersumber dari repositori publik Kaggle, dan berhasil mencapai performa Presisi sebesar 80,6% serta mAP@50 sebesar 61,7%. Berdasarkan pengujian real-time, sistem mampu mengklasifikasikan dan menginstruksikan aktuator servo untuk memisahkan sampah ke wadah organik atau anorganik secara akurat. Dilengkapi modul IoT ESP8266, sistem ini juga memfasilitasi pemantauan kapasitas volume sampah. Kesimpulannya, integrasi cerdas antara pemicu sensor dan deep learning ini tidak hanya memperbaiki akurasi pemilahan, tetapi juga menghadirkan solusi yang lebih higienis, responsif, dan hemat energi sebagai pendukung ekosistem Smart City.

This study aims to design, implement, and test a prototype that automates three functions, namely watering, fertilizing, and pest control based on Arduino Uno with the ability to directly monitor soil moisture and pH. This system is equipped with four main types of sensors. Soil condition monitoring involves an FC-28 soil moisture sensor and a soil pH sensor, water level measurement involves an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, and pest detection in the plant area involves a RIP sensor. All data obtained from these sensors is then processed by the Arduino Uno microcontroller to automatically activate actuators such as water pumps, liquid fertilizer pumps, buzzers, and DC motors according to soil conditions and plant needs. Prototype testing was conducted on simulated land with various scenarios of moisture, soil pH, and pest activity. The test results revealed that the system was proven to be able to significantly optimize water and fertilizer utilization, as well as reduce pest disturbances that could potentially damage plants.  In addition, this system also displays the operational status directly through an LCD screen, making it easy for users to monitor. The advantage of this system is its multi-function integration in a single device that is cost-effective and easy to operate. In the future, the functionality of this system can be improved through integration with Internet of Things (IoT) technology, enabling remote monitoring and control with greater efficiency. More broadly, this study is expected to support increased production and sustainable agricultural practices in Indonesia.

This community service program was carried out to enhance the technological literacy of residents in Telang Sari Village through the introduction of an automated street lighting system based on sensor technology. The system presented to the community utilizes an Arduino microcontroller integrated with an LDR sensor to detect light intensity and an ultrasonic sensor to identify the presence of nearby objects. With this configuration, the street lights operate automatically: they turn on when the environment becomes dark and an object is detected, and turn off when the surroundings are bright or no activity is detected in the sensing area. The program activities included device installation, technical explanation, and a live demonstration to ensure that residents comprehended its functions and benefits. Additionally, the use of solar panels was introduced as an alternative power source to support sustainable operation without relying on grid electricity. The results of the program showed a positive response from the community, as the system was considered effective in improving nighttime safety, reducing energy consumption, and requiring minimal maintenance. Overall, this activity successfully increased public understanding of automation technology and renewable energy applications suitable for rural community development.

This community service program was carried out to enhance the technological literacy of residents in Telang Sari Village through the introduction of an automated street lighting system based on sensor technology. The system presented to the community utilizes an Arduino microcontroller integrated with an LDR sensor to detect light intensity and an ultrasonic sensor to identify the presence of nearby objects. With this configuration, the street lights operate automatically: they turn on when the environment becomes dark and an object is detected, and turn off when the surroundings are bright or no activity is detected in the sensing area. The program activities included device installation, technical explanation, and a live demonstration to ensure that residents comprehended its functions and benefits. Additionally, the use of solar panels was introduced as an alternative power source to support sustainable operation without relying on grid electricity. The results of the program showed a positive response from the community, as the system was considered effective in improving nighttime safety, reducing energy consumption, and requiring minimal maintenance. Overall, this activity successfully increased public understanding of automation technology and renewable energy applications suitable for rural community development.

Cracker drying process is considered inefficient because it still depends on weather factors and manual supervision, which can affect the quality of the production results. To overcome this, a smart shrimpcrackerdryingdevicebasedonan Arduino Uno microcontroller with an automatic closing mechanism and an automatic container has been designed and built. This system is equipped with a rain sensor and an LDR sensor to detect weather conditions around the device, as well as a DHT11 sensor to monitor humidity in the cracker storage container. In addition, an ultrasonic sensor is used to automatically regulate the movement of crackers into the storage container after the drying process is complete. A DC motor controlled by a BTS7960 driver functions to move the cover roof and the cracker transfer mechanism, while a limit switch is used to limit the motor movement.Based on the test results, this device can work automatically Shrimp crackers are one of the typical food products widely produced by the people of Bunga Karang Village, Tanjung Lago District, Banyuasin Regency. The traditional shrimp following changes in environmental conditions, thereby increasing the efficiency of the drying process and maintaining the quality of shrimp crackers produced by the residents of Bunga Karang Village.

A wall follower robot is a type of autonomous robot that is designed to move by following a wall at a certain distance. This research aims to design and build a Wall follower robot equipped with a Fuzzy-PID control system to improve navigation performance. The robot uses five HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors to detect the distance to the wall and the surrounding obstacles. The data from the sensor is then processed by a Fuzzy-PID algorithm that combines the advantages of conventional PID control with fuzzy logic, resulting in a more adaptive response to environmental conditions. The test results showed that the robot with Fuzzy-PID control was able to maintain the stability of the distance to the wall more consistently compared to the pure PID control. In addition, the system exhibits better adaptability to complex environmental conditions, such as sharp turns, uneven wall surfaces, and the presence of resistance variations. The application of Fuzzy-PID control has been shown to improve the stability, response speed, and accuracy of the robot's navigation. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of robotic navigation systems for a wide range of practical applications, including automated cleaning robots, environmental exploration, and industrial systems that require reliable autonomous mobility.

Flood is a frequent natural disaster in Indonesia, often exacerbated by delays in information delivery from conventional manual monitoring systems. This study aims to design and build an automatic flood early warning system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) integrated with a web dashboard and WhatsApp notifications. The system utilizes the ESP32 microcontroller and MaxBotix MB7389 ultrasonic sensor for real-time water level data acquisition. The Research and Development (R&D) method was employed, focusing on device accuracy validation and system integration. The measured data is transmitted to a .NET-based server and stored in a PostgreSQL database. Results indicate that the system functions according to design. Sensor accuracy testing demonstrated a high degree of precision (99.12% - 100%) compared to manual measurements. Furthermore, the system successfully sends timely warning notifications via WhatsApp when water levels exceed predefined thresholds, providing a more effective solution than manual monitoring to enhance community preparedness.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan membangun sistem pemantauan ketinggian air pada tangki penampungan air di Universitas Flores dengan memanfaatkan teknologi Internet of Things (IoT). Pada era digital saat ini, pemantauan air secara manual masih banyak diterapkan, sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan pemborosan dan ketidakakuratan dalam pengelolaan sumber daya air. Sistem yang dirancang mampu melakukan pemantauan ketinggian air secara otomatis dan real-time, menyediakan data yang akurat bagi pengelola fasilitas, serta mengurangi risiko terjadinya pemborosan air. Dengan memanfaatkan sensor ultrasonik dan mikrokontroler, sistem ini dapat mengendalikan pompa air secara otomatis berdasarkan ketinggian air yang terdeteksi. Sistem ini juga mengintegrasikan transmisi data wireless sehingga informasi pemantauan dapat diakses dari jarak jauh melalui perangkat yang terhubung. Pendekatan ini mampu meminimalkan kesalahan manusia dan meningkatkan keandalan pengamatan ketinggian air dalam jangka waktu yang panjang. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi dan akurasi pengelolaan air di lingkungan Universitas Flores serta menjadi referensi bagi penelitian selanjutnya dalam penerapan teknologi IoT pada manajemen sumber daya air. Dengan sistem ini, pengelola fasilitas dapat mengambil keputusan dengan lebih cepat dan tepat serta mengurangi ketergantungan pada pemantauan manual yang kurang efisien. Selain itu, sistem ini mendukung penggunaan air yang sustainable dengan mencegah terjadinya luapan maupun kekurangan air. Penerapan teknologi ini diharapkan dapat menjadikan Universitas Flores sebagai pelopor dalam penerapan sistem pemantauan air yang efisien dan berkelanjutan di lingkungan pendidikan.

Household waste management is a significant challenge in creating clean, healthy, and sustainable residential areas. Dependence on manual monitoring methods often leads to delays in waste collection, waste pile-ups, and operational inefficiencies. This community service program implements a Smart Trash Monitoring Sistem (STMS) based on the Internet of Things (IoT) in Graha Panyindangan Estate, Indramayu. The system utilizes ultrasonic sensors and ESP32 to detect waste levels and sends real-time data to a dashboard accessible by residents and cleaning staff. The results of implementing STMS show improved efficiency in waste management, with waste collection being carried out on time based on accurate, real-time data. This system also reduces the need for manual inspections and encourages responsible waste management behavior among residents. In addition to technical benefits, there have been social changes, such as increased environmental awareness and the formation of new social norms within the community. The involvement of local leaders in supporting the system’s sustainability further strengthens the implementation of the smart living concept, resulting in a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable residential environment in the long term.

Household waste management is a significant challenge in creating clean, healthy, and sustainable residential areas. Dependence on manual monitoring methods often leads to delays in waste collection, waste pile-ups, and operational inefficiencies. This community service program implements a Smart Trash Monitoring Sistem (STMS) based on the Internet of Things (IoT) in Graha Panyindangan Estate, Indramayu. The system utilizes ultrasonic sensors and ESP32 to detect waste levels and sends real-time data to a dashboard accessible by residents and cleaning staff. The results of implementing STMS show improved efficiency in waste management, with waste collection being carried out on time based on accurate, real-time data. This system also reduces the need for manual inspections and encourages responsible waste management behavior among residents. In addition to technical benefits, there have been social changes, such as increased environmental awareness and the formation of new social norms within the community. The involvement of local leaders in supporting the system’s sustainability further strengthens the implementation of the smart living concept, resulting in a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable residential environment in the long term.

Household waste management remains a critical challenge in creating clean and sustainable residential environments. Manual monitoring methods often lead to delayed waste collection, overflowing bins, and operational inefficiency. This community engagement program implements an Internet of Things (IoT)-based Smart Trash Monitoring SIstem (STMS) at Graha Panyindangan Estate, Indramayu. The sIstem utilizes ultrasonic sensors and ESP32 microcontrollers to detect the fill level of household waste containers and transmit data in real time to a user-accessible dashboard. The results demonstrate that the STMS provides accurate waste-level information, reduces manual inspections, enhances collection efficiency, and fosters data-driven behavior among residents. Social changes also emerged, including improved environmental awareness, new social norms, and the emergence of local leaders supporting sIstem sustainability. This program contributes to the realization of smart living in modern residential communities, ensuring better waste management, cleaner environments, and more sustainable practices for future generations. It also provides valuable insights into the role of technology in addressing environmental issues at the community level.

The main problem with the water heating system on offshore platforms is the absence of water level monitoring and automatic overflow detection. This has the potential to cause hot water spills that endanger workplace safety and operational efficiency. This research designs and implements a water level monitoring system based on the Arduino Uno microcontroller with HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors. The system is equipped with LED indicators, a buzzer alarm, and a 16x2 LCD to display water level status in real-time. Water levels are classified into three zones (low, medium, high), and overflow is detected if the water is within 3 cm of the sensor. Testing was conducted on a 5-liter simulation tank representing actual 500-liter tank conditions. Test results showed a reading accuracy of 96% and a quick system response to overflow conditions (<1 second). This system is economical, easy to develop, and highly applicable for offshore environments. In addition, this system can be integrated with IoT technology for remote monitoring.

Pengelolaan air yang efisien merupakan aspek penting dalam mendukung kegiatan operasional di SMK Diponegoro. Tandon air yang selama ini dikelola secara manual sering menimbulkan kendala, seperti tandon meluap atau kosong akibat keterlambatan pengisian. Hal ini menyebabkan pemborosan air dan listrik serta meningkatkan beban kerja staf pengelola. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini merancang sistem pendeteksi ketinggian air otomatis berbasis sensor ultrasonik dan Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Sistem ini menggunakan sensor water level control untuk mendeteksi batas bawah dan atas ketinggian air, yang kemudian diolah oleh PLC untuk mengontrol pompa secara otomatis. Selain itu, data ketinggian air dikirim ke database dan ditampilkan pada web secara real-time. Metode logika fuzzy Tsukamoto digunakan dalam sistem kontrol untuk mengakomodasi ketidakpastian pembacaan sensor, dengan aturan berbasis bahasa alami seperti “air rendah”, “air sedang”, dan “air tinggi”. Hasil implementasi sistem ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan air, mengurangi pemborosan, dan meringankan beban pengelola di lingkungan SMK Diponegoro.

Waste management remains a major challenge, particularly due to the lack of public awareness and habits in sorting waste from its source. Innovative technology-based solutions are needed to support more effective waste management systems. This study aims to design and develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart trash bin capable of automatically sorting metal and non-metal waste. The system utilizes an ESP32 microcontroller as the main controller, an LJ12A3-4-Z/BY sensor to detect metal materials, an E18 sensor to detect non-metal materials, and an ultrasonic sensor to monitor bin capacity. The waste separation mechanism is operated by a servo motor controlled by the system, while the Blynk application is integrated for real-time monitoring and full-capacity notifications sent directly to the user’s smartphone. The research stages included hardware design, microcontroller programming, IoT platform integration, and functionality testing to ensure system performance and reliability. The results showed that the smart trash bin operated as expected, successfully identifying and separating metal and non-metal waste automatically, while also sending real-time notifications to the user when the bin approached full capacity. The implementation of this technology has the potential to modernize waste management processes, improve the efficiency of waste sorting, and reduce dependency on manual labor. Furthermore, this research opens opportunities for future development by integrating additional sensors and cloud-based data management systems to support smart city initiatives and sustainable waste management practices.

Unmonitored traffic conditions often hinder decision-making processes in traffic management, particularly on secondary roads. Jalan Raden Inten II in East Jakarta is one of the connecting routes with heavy traffic activity at certain times, yet no integrated data-based monitoring system is currently available. This study proposes an Internet of Things (IoT)-based traffic condition classification system to identify Clear, Normal, or Congested states based on vehicle counts and speed categorization. The system is designed using an ESP32 microcontroller, an HB100 sensor to detect vehicle speed, and two AJ-SR04M ultrasonic sensors to detect vehicle presence. Data on vehicle counts and the percentage of slow-moving vehicles are periodically transmitted to the ThingSpeak platform and processed using the Threshold-Based Classification method. The classification results are visualized on a dashboard-based website equipped with charts, traffic condition status, and notifications when consecutive congestion is detected. Testing was conducted using simulation data over a specific period. Qualitative validation was carried out by comparing the classification results with traffic indicators from Google Maps. The results show that the system can classify traffic conditions with a good degree of agreement with external references, although discrepancies occurred at certain times due to the limitations of simulated data. This research demonstrates that a simple IoT approach can provide an affordable and effective solution for monitoring and classifying traffic conditions, with potential for real-world implementation in future studies.

Disc discs are the main component in a motorcycle braking system that functions to convert kinetic energy into heat energy through friction. The geometric design of the disc, including the diameter and number of holes, affects the effectiveness of braking as well as the heat dissipation ability. This study aims to analyze the effect of variations in diameter and number of holes on disc discs on braking distance and disc temperature. The research method used was an experimental method with three variations in disc diameter (190 mm, 220 mm, and 260 mm) and three variations in the number of holes (30, 36, and 42 holes). The test was carried out through a controlled braking procedure at an initial speed of 40 km/h on flat road surfaces with stable weather conditions. Braking distance data is measured using ultrasonic sensors, while disc temperature is recorded with a high-accuracy infrared thermometer. The results showed that the diameter of the disc disc had the most significant influence on the braking distance. The larger the diameter, the greater the braking moment resulting so that the stopping distance becomes shorter. The number of holes in the disc also plays a role in heat dissipation because the holes enlarge the heat dissipation area. However, the increase in the number of holes tends to slightly increase the braking distance due to a reduction in the area of frictional contact field. The most optimal configuration is found on a 260 mm diameter disc with 42 holes, which results in the shortest braking distance of 8.25 meters and the lowest temperature rise of 4.47°C.  Statistical analysis using Two-Way ANOVA confirmed that the diameter and number of holes had a significant effect individually, but there was no significant interaction between the two. These findings confirm that the selection of the right disc dimensions is critical to improving braking performance, thermal efficiency, and rider safety.

Floods are the most frequent natural disasters and cause material and non-material losses. One of the problems faced is the lack of early warning when floods occur. This problem can be overcome with a flood early warning system. This paper discusses the solution to this problem, namely by designing and implementing a real-time flood early warning system using IoT-based Internet of Things (IoT) technology ESP32 MQTT and APK Kodular. The objective of this research, compared to previous studies, shows a gap in the methods used. While previous studies used an IoT-based flood warning system that sends data via SMS or an HTTP server, this study applies real-time monitoring with the MQTT protocol, which allows sending water level data with low latency to the Kodular application for faster and more responsive warnings. The method used is to connect hardware with IoT where ESP32 is a client that sends data to MQTT and will display it in the Kodular APK. This flood early warning system consists of: ultrasonic sensors, ESP32, MQTT cloud, OLED, buzzer, LED, and APK on the phone to receive notifications through a mobile application created using Kodular. This IoT-based system is installed in the Kudu Regency river and can monitor water levels in real-time. Based on a predetermined threshold, the system can activate the LED indicator or buzzer and send an early warning message to the user via the APK on the phone. Test results show that this system functions effectively in providing flood warnings with an accuracy of 1-2 cm and in a timely manner, making it suitable for community-based flood monitoring solutions