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Nugget is a high protein frozen food. Catfish is one of the raw materials that can be used to make nugget Catfish contains high protein, tastes good, has a soft texture and is relatively cheap. To increase the nutritional content, vegetables are added in the processing. Broccoli is one of the vegetables that can be added in making nuggets because contains high fiber and potassium. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding broccoli with different concentrations on the crude fiber, potassium and organoleptic values of catfish nuggets. The research design used was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, each with 3 replications. The treatment in this study was based on the concentration of broccoli added, namely B0 (0%), B1 (25%), B2 (50%) and B3 (75%). Parameters observed were crude fiber, potassium, and organoleptic value of catfish nuggets. The results showed that the addition of broccoli at various concentrations had a significant effect (P<0.05) on crude fiber, and potassium value but had no significant effect on organoleptic values. The most preferred nuggets with the addition of broccoli was treatment B1 (25%). The addition of broccoli in the processing of catfish nuggets can increase crude fiber and potassium.

This study aimed to determine the effect of different levels of beef liver addition on the nutritional, physicochemical, and color characteristics of chicken patties. Beef liver, an underutilized animal by-product with high nutritional value, was incorporated at different levels (0%, 20%, 40%, and 60%) into chicken patty formulations. The experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and five replications. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the addition of beef liver had no significant effect (P>0.05) on protein content, water activity (aw), and b* values, but had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on moisture content, fat content, cooking loss, texture, and color characteristics (L* and a*). Increasing beef liver levels improved the nutritional profile and modified the physical and visual characteristics of the patties. These findings demonstrate the potential of beef liver as a value-added functional ingredient for developing nutritious chicken patties while promoting the sustainable utilization of underutilized livestock by-products.

This study aims to analyze the language style employed by President Prabowo Subianto in his speech delivered at the 17th National Farmers and Fishermen Week in 2026 using Teun A. Van Dijk's Critical Discourse Analysis framework. The study employed a qualitative approach with documentation techniques applied to the official speech transcript. Data were analyzed through Van Dijk's three analytical dimensions, namely text, social cognition, and social context. The findings reveal that, at the textual level, the speech is dominated by themes of support for farmers and fishermen as strategic actors in national development and food security. At the superstructure level, the speech is organized argumentatively through personal experiences, policy explanations, and reaffirmation of governmental commitments. At the microstructure level, the speech demonstrates the use of informal language, rhetorical strategies, repetition, and lexical choices that strengthen the relationship between the speaker and the audience. In terms of social cognition, the findings indicate the speaker's awareness of the media's role in shaping public opinion, as reflected in several instances of meta-communication. Meanwhile, the social context dimension reveals representations of power relations through the construction of social groups positioned either as supporters or obstacles to national interests. These findings suggest that the speech functions not only as a means of political communication but also as a medium for constructing ideology, legitimizing power, and shaping political identity. This study reinforces the view that language plays a significant role in representing social realities and power relations within society.

This study aims to analyze the inner conflict experienced by the female protagonist, Alina Suhita, in the novel Hati Suhita by Khilma Anis using Karen Horney’s psychological perspective. The study is motivated by the complexity of the psychological struggles faced by the main character in dealing with marital pressures, family expectations, and socio-cultural demands within a pesantren environment. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach using content analysis. The data source was the novel Hati Suhita by Khilma Anis, while the research data consisted of textual excerpts depicting the protagonist’s inner conflicts. Data were collected through reading and note-taking techniques and subsequently analyzed based on Karen Horney’s theory of neurotic tendencies. The findings reveal that Suhita’s inner conflict is influenced by marital pressures, family demands, social expectations, as well as cultural and religious values that shape her personality. These conflicts are manifested through three neurotic tendencies: moving toward people, moving against people, and moving away from people. The tendency of moving toward people is reflected in her obedience, self-sacrifice, and need for acceptance. The tendency of moving against people appears in her efforts to maintain self-respect, assertiveness, and courage in confronting pressure. Meanwhile, the tendency of moving away from people is shown through emotional withdrawal, solitude, and the pursuit of inner peace. The findings indicate that the protagonist’s inner conflict is dynamic and functions as a form of psychological adjustment to basic anxiety and socio-cultural pressures throughout the narrative.

This study aimed to improve students' speaking skills in news text learning through the implementation of the Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) learning model. The research employed Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted in two cycles involving Grade VIII students of SMP Negeri Satu Atap Kujiratu. Data were collected through observation, performance assessment, and learning outcome tests. The findings indicated that the application of the TSTS model contributed positively to students’ speaking skills and learning outcomes. In Cycle I, 16 students achieved mastery learning, while 13 students did not, with a class average score of 43.15. In Cycle II, learning outcomes improved, with 18 students achieving mastery learning and 11 students not yet meeting the minimum criteria, resulting in an average score of 73.11. The improvement was supported by increased student participation, confidence in expressing ideas, and collaborative interaction during group discussions. The study concludes that the Two Stay Two Stray learning model is effective in enhancing students’ speaking skills in news text learning and can serve as an alternative cooperative learning strategy in Indonesian language instruction.

The Free Health Check-up (CKG) is a government program designed to strengthen promotive and preventive health efforts through the early detection of risk factors, pre-disease conditions, and diseases across the community according to the life-cycle approach. As a relatively new initiative, the implementation of the CKG program in primary healthcare settings still requires further evaluation to assess implementation readiness, digital support systems, and community participation. This literature review aimed to examine the implementation of the Free Health Check-up Program in primary healthcare services. Relevant literature was retrieved from the Google Scholar database using the keyword "implementation of the free health check-up program" and was limited to open-access, full-text articles published between 2025 and 2026. The search identified eight eligible articles, which were extracted and analyzed in this review. The synthesis revealed three major themes in the implementation of the CKG program: (1) primary healthcare service readiness, (2) digitalization and reporting systems, and (3) community participation and communication strategies. Primary healthcare readiness includes the availability of human resources, infrastructure, medical equipment, consumable medical supplies, funding, service workflows, and cross-sectoral coordination. Digitalization through the SATUSEHATplatform and integrated reporting systems has the potential to improve service efficiency; however, challenges remain regarding digital literacy, internet connectivity, and the technical capacity of healthcare personnel. Community participation is influenced by knowledge, attitudes, the roles of community health volunteers, teachers, healthcare workers, and communication strategies tailored to the characteristics of the target population. The successful implementation of the CKG program requires strengthening primary healthcare systems, optimizing digital health platforms, and adopting community-based communication strategies to ensure the program is more effective, inclusive, and sustainable.

This study examines the social and moral values contained in the Indonesian film Jumbo and their relevance as teaching materials for writing drama texts for eleventh-grade senior high school students. The background of this research is the need for contextual and value-based learning resources to support students’ drama writing skills. This study aims to identify social and moral values in the film and explain their applicability in drama writing instruction. A qualitative descriptive method with a literary analysis approach was employed. The data consist of dialogues, scenes, and conflicts in the film, collected through observation and documentation techniques. The findings reveal eighteen data of social values and twelve data of moral values, reflected through character interactions and ethical choices. These values are relevant for developing conflicts, characters, and messages in drama texts. This study concludes that Jumbo can serve as an effective and meaningful teaching material to enhance students’ drama writing skills and support character education.

This study examines the Dayak Ngaju Palui oral story as an object of anecdotal text by analyzing its structure, building elements, linguistic rules, and implied meanings. The research focuses on identifying the structure of anecdotal texts in Palui stories, the elements that construct the stories, the linguistic features used, and the meanings implied within them. The study aims to describe these aspects as part of Dayak Ngaju oral literature. A qualitative descriptive method was used to explain the anecdotal texts in depth. The data consisted of six Palui stories: Palui Tulak Namuei, Bapa Palui Tulak Mambuwu, Bapa Palui Tunggu Parei, Bapa Palui Mananjaru Indu Palui, Indu Palui Buhau bara Huma, and Palui Tulak Mamisi. The findings show that all six stories contain complete anecdotal text structures, including abstraction, orientation, crisis, reaction, and coda. The humorous and satirical elements appear mainly in the crisis and reaction sections, distinguishing them from other text structures. The stories are also supported by clear building elements, such as theme, characters, setting, plot, and point of view.

This study aims to develop a strategy for developing praise and worship services through a deeper biblical theology of Psalm 150, as a fundamental solution for congregational growth at YHS Eka Sinta Church in Kapuas Regency. The main premise of this study is based on the crucial disconnect between contemporary church music practices, which tend to be performative, and the essence of the doxology authoritatively contained in the text Scripture. By integrating descriptive qualitative methods and an exegetical biblical theology approach, this study explores the imperative meaning and poetic structure of Psalm 150 and then engages them in intercultural dialogue with the sociocultural context of local churches in Kalimantan. The results reveal that the biblical theology Psalm 150 emphasizes the totality of instrumental use and the universality of the subject of praise as an absolute reflection of God's sovereignty and might. Field findings indicate that the effectiveness of music services is often hampered by technical limitations and theological shallowness of liturgical ministers. This study concludes that healthy congregational growth, both in terms of spiritual quality and quantity, is rooted in the extent to which the church able to actualize biblical theological values ​​in expressions of praise that are relevant and resonate with the cultural background and local identity of its congregation. The resulting strategy offers a holistic ministry model, in which church music returns to its essential function as an instrument of faith transformation and a means of growing the Kingdom of God, adaptively yet faithful to the biblical text.

This study aims to describe the utilization of multimodal media in teaching news text reading skills among seventh-grade junior high school students. The research employed a quantitative approach with a descriptive research design. The data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 61 seventh-grade students as the research respondents. The research instrument used a Likert scale covering aspects of students’ perceptions, comprehension, motivation, participation, and readiness toward the use of multimodal media in learning news text reading skills. The data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative techniques through percentage calculations and interpretation of respondents’ answers. The findings revealed that most students showed positive responses toward the use of multimodal media. A total of 72.1% of students agreed that learning through printed and digital media made the learning process more engaging. In addition, 59% of students stated that digital media helped them understand news content more clearly, while 60.7% felt more active during learning activities using multimodal media. The use of multimodal media also increased students’ motivation, self-confidence, and reading comprehension skills in understanding news texts. The findings indicate that the combination of printed and digital media creates a more interactive and effective learning environment that aligns with students’ literacy needs in the digital era. Therefore, multimodal media can serve as an alternative instructional strategy to improve students’ news text reading skills in junior high schools. The implications of this study highlight the importance of integrating digital and printed media in Indonesian language learning to enhance students’ reading literacy quality.

The use of hermeneutics in Qur'anic studies has long generated debate among Muslim scholars. Some view hermeneutics as a methodological tool that can bridge the historical distance between the revealed text and contemporary life, whereas others regard it as an epistemological threat that may weaken the authority of the Qur'an. This article aims to analyze the arguments of both proponents and critics and to identify possible areas of convergence. Using a descriptive-analytical approach and library research, this study examines relevant works by scholars who support and oppose the application of hermeneutics in Qur'anic interpretation. The findings show that proponents, such as Fazlur Rahman, Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd, and Mohammed Arkoun, argue that hermeneutics can enrich interpretive methods and help contextualize meaning. Conversely, critics, such as Adian Husaini and scholars who emphasize the authority of established tafsir traditions, argue that hermeneutics emerged from the problems of Biblical interpretation and therefore cannot be applied directly to the Qur'an, which is believed to retain its authenticity. The study concludes that the debate stems from different theological assumptions about text, revelation, and interpretation. It recommends the selective adaptation of hermeneutics as a supporting analytical tool, not as a replacement for the science of tafsir.

This study aimed to develop teaching materials based on Problem Based Learning (PBL) assisted by Canva media for teaching biography writing to tenth-grade vocational high school students and to examine their validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which consists of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The participants were 30 tenth-grade vocational high school students. Data were collected through observation, interviews, expert validation questionnaires, student response questionnaires, biography-writing tests, and documentation. The data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative techniques. The results revealed that the developed teaching materials achieved a validity score of 95%, categorized as highly valid based on evaluations by subject-matter and media experts. The practicality level reached 94%, categorized as highly practical according to students’ responses. Furthermore, the effectiveness test demonstrated an improvement in students’ biography-writing skills, as indicated by the increase in the average score from 63.47 in the pretest to 84.73 in the posttest. The Normalized Gain (N-Gain) score of 0.58 was categorized as moderate. These findings indicate that the Canva-assisted PBL teaching materials are valid, practical, and effective for use in biography-writing instruction for vocational high school students. The study contributes to innovations in Indonesian language teaching by integrating problem-based learning with digital technology to enhance students’ writing skills.

This study aims to describe the types of meaning contained in the short story collection Ihwal Nama Majid Pucuk through a semantic study and to produce a recommendation for handout teaching material in learning short story texts for grade XI of senior high school. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method and a text-analysis model, while the data consist of word, phrase, and sentence quotations collected through documentation techniques. The main theory used is Abdul Chaer's theory of meaning, supported by Geoffrey Leech's theory of associative meaning, with data analysis following the stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the three analyzed short stories contain eight types of meaning, namely lexical and grammatical meaning, referential and nonreferential meaning, denotative and connotative meaning, word and term meaning, conceptual and associative meaning, idiomatic meaning, figurative meaning, as well as locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary meaning. Lexical and grammatical meanings dominate the findings, while proverbial meaning is not found in the data source. The diversity of these meanings confirms that this short story collection is suitable to be used as handout teaching material for short story texts in grade XI of senior high school. Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis makna yang terkandung dalam kumpulan cerita pendek Ihwal Nama Majid Pucuk melalui kajian semantik sekaligus menghasilkan rekomendasi bahan ajar handout pada pembelajaran teks cerpen kelas XI SMA. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif dan model analisis teks, sedangkan data berupa kutipan kata, frasa, dan kalimat yang dikumpulkan melalui teknik dokumentasi. Teori utama yang digunakan adalah teori makna Abdul Chaer dan teori pendukung makna asosiatif Geoffrey Leech, dengan analisis data mengikuti tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam ketiga cerpen yang dianalisis ditemukan delapan jenis makna, yaitu makna leksikal dan gramatikal, makna referensial dan nonreferensial, makna denotatif dan konotatif, makna kata dan istilah, makna konseptual dan asosiatif, makna idiomatikal, makna kias, serta makna lokusi, ilokusi, dan perlokusi. Makna leksikal dan gramatikal mendominasi temuan, sementara makna peribahasa tidak ditemukan dalam sumber data. Keberagaman makna tersebut menegaskan bahwa kumpulan cerpen ini layak dijadikan bahan ajar handout teks cerpen kelas XI SMA.

A crucial issue currently facing the Church is its stance on building good and harmonious relationships with all other belief systems within its own community. Although dogmatically the Church explicitly expresses its openness to all religious practices and piety lived out by the faithful according to their traditional beliefs, the Church remains cautious so that in building relationships through dialogue, the traditions of the Church are not lost. This paper aims to highlight the relationship between the Catholic faith and the traditional belief system of the Manggarai people in light of the dogmatic constitution Nostra Aetate. Nostra Aetate is one of the key documents resulting from the Second Vatican Council that addresses the current reality of religious diversity. Through this document, the Church seeks to declare its commitment to reflecting on the fact that all humanity shares a single origin and a single ultimate goal: God Himself. The beliefs or religious system of the Manggarai people is implicitly monotheistic, namely Mori Jari dedek Ema pu’un kuasa. On this basis, the Church sees that the same concept exists in Catholic doctrine. In this study, the author uses qualitative research with a text analysis approach. Text analysis is a methodology in qualitative research that aims to interpret and analyze texts based on their context.

The study critically examines the Gospel of John as a theological text integrating the incarnate Logos and sacramental symbolism. Using a qualitative, library-based approach with historical-critical and hermeneutical analysis, it shows that John’s Gospel not only narrates Jesus’ life but constructs a symbolic, existential, and transformative theological reflection. The Logos shifts from a metaphysical principle to a personal reality in history through the incarnation, enabling a concrete encounter between God and humanity. Within this framework, symbols such as water and bread function as media of revelation guiding individuals toward a living, relational faith experience. Furthermore, sacramental symbolism in the Gospel of John is ontologically grounded in the incarnation of the Logos. Faith is thus understood not merely as intellectual assent but as participation in divine life that transforms human existence. The integration of Christological and sacramental dimensions indicates that faith is holistic, encompassing spiritual, material, and relational aspects. Thus, the Gospel of John presents a theological vision of faith as a concrete and dynamic existential encounter, relevant for contemporary theological reflection.

The study examines John 15:1–8, highlighting its Christological, ecclesiological dimensions, and pastoral implications in a contemporary context, particularly in West Kalimantan. Employing an exegetical approach integrated with theological reflection, the metaphor of the “true vine” is understood as a declaration of Jesus’ identity as the source of authentic life and the relational foundation of the community of disciples. The concept of “abiding” is interpreted as an ongoing existential connectedness with Christ, expressed through practices of faith such as engagement with the Word, prayer, and love. Meanwhile, “bearing fruit” is not merely ethical output but an authentic manifestation of life grounded in this relational union. Furthermore, the study argues that Johannine ecclesiology is organic in nature, portraying the church as a living community deriving its existence from and in Christ, rather than a purely institutional structure. The pastoral implications of this metaphor are significant in addressing local challenges such as individualism, ecological crisis, religious plurality, and the spiritual formation of youth. Using a praxis–reflection–praxis framework, the text is integrated into theological education as a model linking faith reflection with concrete action. The findings affirm that Christ-centered spirituality fosters personal and communal transformation relevant to the contemporary church.

The fashion industry produces large amounts of textile waste, necessitating sustainable design solutions such as zero-waste fashion design. This study examines the application of zero-waste fashion using the fabric manipulation tucking technique to ready-to-wear clothing. The objective of this study is to determine how the tucking technique can be applied to zero-waste pattern design to produce efficient and aesthetically pleasing clothing. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE development model.The research results include five stages: In the analysis stage, the author examines the concepts of zero waste, the tucking technique, and ready-to-wear clothing. In the design phase, two zero-waste pattern concepts with variations of tucking were created as trials. Development was carried out through design validation and revisions based on expert input. Implementation was carried out with product production based on the refined final design. Finally, evaluation was carried out through product validation and final revisions until the product was finished. The results show that zero-waste design using the tucking technique can be implemented systematically, reducing waste and enhancing product uniqueness.Recommendations in this study highlight the importance of tucking stitch direction, accurate placement of zero-waste patterns, and the use of excess fabric as an additional tucking accent to reduce looseness and optimize fabric usage. Selection of appropriate fabrics to support the aesthetic results and effectiveness of the Tucking technique in ready-to-wear fashion products.

Children's literacy can be improved through interactive learning media. A digital children's story platform, previously a mobile application, required web version development to expand user accessibility via browsers. The main challenge in this development was presenting multimedia content such as text, images, and audio dubbing synchronously scene-by-scene without degrading system performance, as well as facilitating reader interaction through a rating feature. This research aims to design and develop the platform using a Decoupled Architecture approach. The software development method used is Waterfall, encompassing requirement analysis, system design (UML, CDM, and PDM), implementation, testing, and maintenance. During implementation, ReactJS is utilized on the client-side for responsive interface rendering and state management, while Laravel is implemented on the server-side as a RESTful API provider to manage multimedia asset transmission, rating records, and the MySQL database. Functional system testing was evaluated using Black-box Testing, while user experience was validated using Spearman's Rank Correlation. The results indicate that this architectural separation (front-end and back-end) effectively resolves server overload issues commonly found in monolithic architectures and produces a seamless, stable asynchronous data transmission system across various devices.

The fast fashion industry has actually become the second largest contributor to textile waste in the world due to rapid production cycles, high consumer demand, and the use of synthetic materials that are difficult to biodegrade. This phenomenon causes serious environmental impacts such as water pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, accumulation of solid waste, and microplastic pollution that threatens marine ecosystems. In Indonesia, although environmental regulations such as Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management and Law Number 18 of 2008 concerning Waste Management exist, the implementation of fast fashion waste management still faces various obstacles. This study aims to analyze the implementation of waste management regulations in the fast fashion industry in Indonesia and to examine why the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) mechanism is necessary as a legal instrument for textile waste management. The method used is normative juridical with an ecological approach, utilizing primary and secondary legal materials, as well as qualitative-descriptive and comparative analysis with France, the Netherlands, and Sweden. The findings reveal four main legal gaps: the absence of a definition for post-consumer textile waste, the lack of a binding take-back mechanism for producers, weak fiscal instruments supporting EPR, and the absence of ecodesign obligations. The implication of this study highlights the need for regulatory reconstruction that specifically addresses the responsibility of fast fashion producers throughout the product life cycle to achieve more effective and sustainable waste management.               

Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) has become a key objective of English language education; however, its implementation in Indonesia remains insufficiently understood. This study investigates the alignment between ICC expectations in the Kurikulum Merdeka, English textbooks, and classroom practices in Indonesian senior high schools. An exploratory sequential mixed methods design was employed, involving document analysis of four government-issued English textbooks for grades X–XII, classroom observations in 15 schools across three provinces, a survey of 87 English teachers, and in-depth interviews with 18 teachers and 36 students. The findings reveal a three-level gap. First, the curriculum acknowledges ICC but lacks clear and measurable operational guidelines. Second, textbooks predominantly emphasize Anglo-American culture (64.8% of cultural content) while providing limited representation of Indonesian and global cultures. Third, 78.2% of teachers reported not explicitly integrating cultural dimensions into English instruction, resulting in stereotypical and culturally limited classroom practices. To address these issues, the study proposes the Triangulated Cultural Literacy (TCL) framework, integrating reflection on learners’ own culture, balanced exploration of target cultures, and intercultural negotiation. The findings highlight the need to operationalize ICC in the curriculum, improve textbook cultural representation, and strengthen teachers’ intercultural pedagogical competence.