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This study examines the gap between Nestlé’s sustainability commitments and the reality of ecological damage caused by the use of unsustainable raw materials in its global supply chain. Using a descriptive qualitative approach based on literature reviews and case study analysis, this study evaluates various data sources, ranging from scientific journals and corporate reports to documentation from independent organizations such as Greenpeace and the Rainforest Action Network. Findings indicate that Nestlé’s procurement of key commodities such as palm oil, cocoa, soy, dairy products, and singleuse plastics significantly contributes to deforestation, systemic plastic pollution, water extraction in vulnerable regions, and greenhouse gas emissions exceeding 87.5 million tons of CO₂e per year. In Indonesia, these highrisk areas are evident in palm oil sourcing in Sumatra and Kalimantan and cocoa sourcing in Sulawesi. Theoretically, this study argues that Nestlé’s sustainability governance exhibits a pattern of strategic decoupling, where public reporting on progress in primary supply chains is deliberately used to mask ongoing environmental damage within their hidden supply networks. Thus, this article makes a critical contribution by integrating supply chain management theory, environmental accountability, and the governance of multinational corporations.

This study designs and implements an up-down counter system based on an AT89C2051 microcontroller programmed in assembly using the MC-51 application. The system modifies an existing digital clock board by mapping the display selector pins, seven-segment segment pins, pushbuttons, and buzzer to the microcontroller ports. The research method consists of literature review, hardware identification, algorithm design, assembly programming, program downloading, and functional testing using a 5 V DC supply. The implementation uses a four-digit common-cathode seven-segment display and a multiplexing routine to show the counter value in real time. The functional test shows that the system can display the initial value, increase the value through the up button, and decrease the value through the down button. The display is readable during operation, and the program can run on the target circuit after being downloaded to the AT89C2051. This study confirms that assembly programming on MC-51 can be applied to implement a simple counter system on a reused digital clock circuit. The main limitations are the absence of explicit button debouncing, overflow and underflow protection, quantitative response-time measurement, and non-volatile data retention.

The rapid advancement of information technology has reshaped modern society, in particular influencing how young individuals express their identities through fashion. The choice of clothing goes beyond mere practical functions, becoming a symbol of social status and values as young people attempt to adapt to rapidly changing trends, driven largely by digital platforms such as social media. These phenomena have simultaneously led to alarming waste production and environmental degradation, reflecting the mismatch between modern lifestyles and theological mandates on the management of creation. The fast-paced fashion industry, characterized by rapid production cycles and high consumerism, exacerbates the ecological crisis by generating large amounts of textile waste and contributing to detrimental practices in global supply chains. The study uses a qualitative approach, emphasizing literature research to analyze relevant literature and synthesize findings into meaningful discourse. Ultimately, it advocates a transformative catechesis that integrates ecological awareness into the formation of young people's faith, leveraging digital spaces to advocate for simplicity and community engagement in sustainable practices. The challenges faced in fostering this ecological awareness include the prevalence of a culture of instant gratification and the gap between knowledge and action, which hinders the alignment of belief with action. Theological reflection further emphasizes the spiritual implications of consumer behavior, placing ecological responsibility as a fundamental aspect of authentic expression of faith. Based on these insights, this paper underscores the importance for the Church to be proactively involved in the fight for ecological preservation, recognizing that true faith is manifested through tangible actions that honor the divine creation.

This research is motivated by the vital role of clean water services and the need to optimize operational revenue at BLUD UPT Water Supply Management in Batam City. The study aims to analyze the influence of willingness to pay, ability to pay, and payment awareness on BLUD revenue achievement. A quantitative associative approach was employed, involving a population of 29,047 customers. A sample of 100 respondents was determined using the Slovin formula, and data were analyzed via multiple linear regression using SPSS software. The results indicate that, simultaneously, all three independent variables significantly affect revenue achievement with an F-value of 56.825 and a significance of 0.000. Partially, willingness to pay (t=8.279), ability to pay (t=11.020), and payment awareness (t=10.435) also exert a significant influence. These findings imply that higher community payment behavior directly increases institutional revenue. It is recommended that BLUD improves service quality and payment socialization to ensure sustainable revenue achievement.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Knowledge Sharing and Knowledge Leakage on Supply Chain performance, with Monitoring Opportunity as a mediating variable at the Library Office of Mesuji Regency. The research problem arises from the limited structure of knowledge-sharing practices, weak documentation of organizational knowledge, and the potential risk of knowledge leakage that may disrupt the effectiveness of library service supply chains. This study employs a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 115 employees of the Library Office of Mesuji Regency and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Squares with SmartPLS. The results show that Knowledge Sharing has a positive and significant effect on Supply Chain performance and Monitoring Opportunity. Knowledge Leakage does not have a significant direct effect on Supply Chain performance, but it has a negative and significant effect on Monitoring Opportunity. Furthermore, Monitoring Opportunity significantly mediates the relationship between Knowledge Sharing and Supply Chain performance, but does not mediate the relationship between Knowledge Leakage and Supply Chain performance. These findings indicate that knowledge sharing becomes more valuable when supported by monitoring capability, while knowledge leakage should be controlled through documentation, access control, and knowledge protection mechanisms. This study contributes to knowledge management and supply chain literature in public library service organizations.

Submarine pipelines are vital infrastructures in aviation fuel distribution, carrying high risks of operational disruption, safety issues, and environmental pollution. In 2025, the aviation fuel receiving submarine pipeline at Integrated Terminal Ampenan was deformed due to mechanical pulling by MT Anargya I, causing system shutdown. This incident created risks of seawater intrusion, marine pollution, and potential fuel shortages at Lombok International Airport. This study evaluates the effectiveness of applying a double-ended draining method combined with an oil bubble trap as a fast, safe, and sustainable solution for submarine pipeline repair. Using a case study and descriptive-analytical approach based on the Continuous Improvement Program (CIP), the research analyzed quality, cost, delivery, safety, environmental, and workforce aspects. The results showed the method effectively drained aviation fuel without seawater contamination, prevented marine spills, maintained fuel quality within specifications, and completed repairs before critical stock levels were reached. Additionally, it provided significant cost savings compared to emergency supply operations and achieved zero safety incidents and environmental pollution. The integration of double-ended draining and oil bubble trap proved to be an effective, adaptive innovation with strong potential for replication and standardization in other aviation fuel submarine pipeline systems.

Chronic Coronary Syndrome (CCS) is a contemporary term that replaces stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and describes a spectrum of clinical conditions resulting from chronic abnormalities of the coronary arteries. This condition is characterized by a mismatch between myocardial oxygen supply and demand that is transient and reversible, commonly presenting as stable angina pectoris. CCS contributes significantly to global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, including in Indonesia. The underlying pathophysiology primarily involves atherosclerosis and microvascular dysfunction leading to myocardial ischemia. Diagnosis is established through comprehensive history taking, physical examination, and both invasive and non-invasive investigations such as electrocardiography, stress testing, and cardiac imaging. Risk stratification using pre-test probability plays a crucial role in guiding further diagnostic evaluation. The management of CCS aims to relieve symptoms and prevent adverse cardiovascular events through pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, as well as revascularization when indicated. Pharmacological therapy includes antianginal agents, antiplatelet drugs, and lipid-lowering agents, while lifestyle modifications such as smoking cessation, healthy diet, and regular physical activity are essential in preventing disease progression. With accurate diagnosis and comprehensive management, the morbidity and mortality associated with CCS can be reduced.

Nitrogen is an essential element for soybean growth, particularly in the formation of vegetative organs and seed protein. The nitrogen requirement of soybean plants varies according to their growth stages. This study aimed to quantify nitrogen levels in soil and plant tissues of Anjasmoro soybean variety over a 13-week cultivation period. Observations were conducted weekly by collecting soil and plant samples from three randomly selected polybags. Nitrogen analysis was performed using a colorimetric Kjeldahl method. The results showed that nitrogen supply was obtained not only from soil media and fertilizers, but also from biological nitrogen fixation facilitated by symbiotic microbes forming root nodules as well as non-symbiotic soil microbes. The lowest total soil nitrogen content was recorded at 0 weeks after planting (WAP) at 0.20%, while the highest was observed at 7 WAP at 0.82%. The lowest total nitrogen content in plant tissue occurred at 8 WAP at 1.80%, whereas the highest was recorded at 4 WAP at 8.07%. Soybean plants experienced etiolation due to suboptimal light intensity, resulting in a vegetative phase that was prolonged by two weeks. Nitrogen uptake during this extended vegetative period reached 4.6%. The average total nitrogen absorbed by the plants during cultivation was 2.881 g per plant, while total nitrogen accumulation in the system increased by 26.285 g per plant.

Hydrogen-based hybrid microgrid systems have emerged as a promising solution to enhance renewable energy integration and improve energy supply reliability. By combining renewable sources such as solar and wind with hydrogen production and storage technologies, these systems address the intermittency of renewable power while ensuring continuous energy availability. This study evaluates the techno-economic feasibility, environmental impact, and scalability of hydrogen-based hybrid microgrids, with a focus on cost-effectiveness and system performance under varying operating conditions. Simulation tools, including HOMER Pro and MATLAB Simulink, are used to model the system and conduct sensitivity analyses on hydrogen production costs and demand fluctuations. Key performance indicators such as Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), Net Present Value (NPV), and CO₂ emissions reduction are assessed. The results show that although the system requires a high initial investment, it becomes economically viable over time due to reduced operational costs and improved efficiency. Additionally, the system demonstrates significant environmental benefits, outperforming conventional fossil fuel-based systems in terms of emissions reduction. Sensitivity analysis further indicates that advancements in hydrogen production technologies could substantially enhance economic feasibility. Overall, hydrogen-based hybrid microgrids offer a reliable and low-carbon energy solution, supporting sustainable energy transitions and reducing dependence on fossil fuels.

Technological advancements and the rapid growth of globalization have fundamentally changed the way organizations conduct business activities, creating increasingly complex challenges and opportunities in both local and international markets. Organizations are now required to adapt quickly to changing consumer preferences, technological innovation, market competition, and economic uncertainty. In this environment, economics, management, and accounting have become three essential disciplines that play a crucial role in determining organizational effectiveness and long-term sustainability. Economics helps organizations understand market behavior, pricing strategies, supply and demand conditions, and macroeconomic factors that influence business performance. Management focuses on planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources to ensure operational efficiency and goal achievement. Accounting provides reliable financial information through systematic recording, reporting, and analysis of transactions, enabling organizations to evaluate performance and maintain accountability. This study aims to analyze the relationship between these three disciplines in supporting organizational decision-making processes and improving overall performance. The research employs a literature review method by examining various recent academic books and journal articles. The findings reveal that the integration of economics, management, and accounting strengthens strategic planning, improves resource allocation, enhances financial transparency, and supports sustainable organizational growth in a highly competitive global environment.

The Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) is a strategic initiative by the Indonesian government to address the long-standing issues of malnutrition and stunting, which have significantly hindered human resource (HR) development in Indonesia. The program aims to improve children's nutrition and reduce stunting by providing free nutritious meals, particularly in areas with limited access to healthy food. This study aims to analyze the legal framework of MBG, its effectiveness in achieving its goals, and its impact on national development. Using a qualitative approach, the study analyzes the implementation of MBG through document analysis, interviews with relevant stakeholders, and field observations. The findings highlight challenges within the program, including imbalanced food distribution, inadequate infrastructure in remote areas, and suboptimal food quality control, which resulted in several food poisoning incidents in 2025. Nevertheless, the program has a positive economic impact by empowering micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) involved in food supply. The study suggests strengthening the monitoring system, improving budget management, and better coordination between government sectors and communities to maximize the success of MBG. It also emphasizes the importance of nutrition education campaigns to support the program's goals. Overall, MBG is a crucial step toward creating a healthier and more productive generation, supporting the achievement of Indonesia's Golden Generation by 2045..

This study aims to analyze the internationalization strategy of SMEs through the integration of SWOT and PESTEL analysis, using a case study of PT Mujnah Kemiri Lombok. SMEs play an important role in the national economy; however, in the process of expanding into international markets, they face various challenges from both internal and external factors that need to be comprehensively identified. Therefore, a strategic analysis is required to understand the factors influencing the success of internationalization. This study employs a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation related to the export activities of PT Mujnah Kemiri Lombok. Data analysis was conducted by identifying internal factors using SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) and external factors using PESTEL analysis (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal). The results show that the internationalization process of PT Mujnah Kemiri Lombok occurs gradually, starting from the domestic market and expanding into export markets through technological transformation and network expansion. The company’s main strengths lie in its supply chain network, business experience, and adoption of production technology, while its main weakness is the adaptation of human resources to technological changes. From an external perspective, government support acts as a key driving factor, while global price competition and logistics costs remain major challenges. This study is expected to provide both theoretical and practical contributions, particularly for SMEs in formulating appropriate internationalization strategies and enhancing competitiveness in the global market.

Global economic uncertainty and exchange rate fluctuations pose significant challenges to monetary stability in Indonesia, particularly in maintaining a controlled inflation rate. This study aims to analyze the transmission mechanism of the rupiah exchange rate to the inflation rate in Indonesia from 2015 to 2024. The method used in this study is library research by collecting, reviewing, and synthesizing data from various scientific literature, official central bank reports, and related journal articles published over the past decade. The research findings indicate that rupiah depreciation has a significant influence on rising inflation through the imported inflation channel, where currency depreciation increases the cost of raw materials for industries dependent on foreign markets. Furthermore, the findings reveal that the effectiveness of this transmission is influenced by public expectations and monetary policy taken by Bank Indonesia through adjustments to the benchmark interest rate. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of synergy between a stable exchange rate policy and controlling the supply of domestic goods to minimize the impact of external shocks on public purchasing power. The government and monetary authorities are advised to continue strengthening foreign exchange reserves and encouraging the use of local currencies in international transactions to reduce dependence on the United States dollar and maintain national price stability.

Global business environmental uncertainty, triggered by "Black Swan" phenomena, demands that organizations transform beyond passive resilience toward anti-fragility capabilities, where Human Resource (HR) systems actually grow stronger through market disruptions. This study aims to analyze the concept of anti-fragility within organizational leadership, explain the role of transformational leadership in shaping anti-fragile employees, and identify organizational strategies for navigating market uncertainty. The approach employed is a narrative literature review using content analysis techniques across various reputable scientific journals, anti-fragility theory, and organizational case studies such as Disney+, Zoom, and Tractor Supply. Research findings indicate that transformational leadership acts as a primary catalyst that builds anti-fragility through intellectual stimulation, decentralized autonomy, and the creation of a culture that learns from failure. Organizational strategies prioritizing resource flexibility, cross-skilling, and optionality have proven effective in converting crisis stressors into opportunities for innovation and performance growth. The contribution of this article lies in the development of an "Anti-Fragile Leadership" conceptual framework that integrates the philosophical principles of anti-fragility into strategic HRM practices. The practical implications provide a guide for organizational leaders to design work systems that are adaptive and proactive toward market volatility, ensuring that organizations not only survive but thrive from chaos.

The rapid growth of beverage franchises in Indonesia, particularly MIXUE with over 4,000 outlets, necessitates an in-depth examination of the financial management strategies underlying its success. This study aims to analyze the effects of working capital management, supply chain support, and operational cost efficiency on financial performance, as well as to evaluate the investment feasibility of the MIXUE franchise in Indonesia. A mixed-methods sequential explanatory approach was employed, utilizing multiple regression analysis and capital budgeting methods including Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PP), and Return on Investment (ROI). Data were collected from 50 franchise outlets across Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya, and Semarang during 2022-2024, supplemented by in-depth interviews with 15 franchisees and 3 regional managers. Results reveal that all three independent variables significantly and positively affect financial performance: working capital management (β = 0.412; p = 0.002), supply chain support (β = 0.358; p = 0.008), and operational cost efficiency (β = 0.486; p < 0.001) with R² = 0.684. Investment feasibility analysis indicates an average positive NPV of IDR 290.1 million, IRR 36.5%, PP 22.2 months, and ROI 56.5%. This study contributes novel insights by integrating financial and supply chain analysis within the context of beverage franchising in emerging Asian markets, providing a comprehensive evaluation framework for prospective investors and franchise system developers.

The role of ports as crucial nodes in the global supply chain positions the maritime sector as one of the most dynamic industries worldwide. This research analyzes the strengthening of business law support maritime sector integration to enhance port operational efficiency and the role of business law instruments in realizing the principle of fair competition within ports. This research employs a normative legal approach focusing on the study of existing legal norms and regulations governing port management and maritime integration. The strengthening of business law in the maritime sector plays a crucial role in improving port operational efficiency. A strong and well coordinated business law framework will create ports that are more efficient, competitive, and adaptive to the changing demands of the global market. Several key principles must be developed. First, rules on information disclosure and accountability to ensure transparency in port governance. Second, prohibitions against abuse of dominant positions and oversight of vertical integration to prevent anti-competitive practices. Third, clear contractual norms and governance structures for public private partnerships (PPP), including proportional risk-sharing mechanisms to ensure fairness and efficiency in infrastructure development. Fourth, multi-level governance alignment across national and regional authorities to prevent incentive distortions.

This study aims to analyze the fluctuations in chili production in Kabanjahe District, Karo Regency, which affect market price instability and uncertain supply. One approach applied in this study is the Single Exponential Smoothing (SES) method to forecast chili production. SES was chosen for its simplicity, ease of implementation, and its ability to generate accurate predictions even when the data lacks significant seasonal patterns. The data used is secondary data on chili production obtained from official publications by the Karo Regency BPS for the period of 2020–2024. The analysis results show that a smoothing parameter (α) of 0.8 produced the lowest Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 3.08%. These findings indicate that applying a higher α makes the model more responsive to recent data changes, thus yielding more accurate forecasts. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the SES method in forecasting chili production in areas with significant seasonal fluctuations.

Rice plants (Oryza Sativa L.) are the main staple food commodity in Indonesia, as most of the Indonesian population relies on rice as their primary food. One of the causes of low rice production in Indonesia is that farmers generally cultivate rice improperly, such as in land preparation or land selection. Land suitability in rice cultivation greatly affects crop productivity. A process that can support decisions regarding rice land suitability is the development of a Decision Support System (DSS) website using a combination of the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method and the Technique for Order Performance of Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). This combination is performed by taking the average (µ) of the final results from the SAW and TOPSIS methods. The final scores of each method are calculated separately, and then the average (µ) of these two results is taken to obtain the final ranking of the alternatives. The data used to determine the suitability of rice land is based on five criteria: soil type, soil pH, rainfall, temperature, irrigation and water supply. The alternative data used in the study includes six alternatives: Sungai Kunjang, Sambutan, Samarinda Utara, Palaran, Loa Janan Ilir, and Samarinda Seberang. The aim of this research is to provide information on alternative solutions to farmers or farmer groups in determining rice land suitability. The results of the combination of the SAW and TOPSIS methods show that the alternative with the highest final score is Samarinda Utara (A3), with a final score of 0.7337. Meanwhile, the alternative with the lowest final score is Sambutan (A2), with a final score of 0.4402.

Indonesia’s mineral downstreaming policy has become a strategic instrument to increase the added value of natural resources and strengthen the country’s position in the global mineral value chain. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the mineral downstreaming policy in encouraging regional economic transformation through the development of an integrated nickel processing industry in Obi Island, South Halmahera. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using secondary data obtained from government publications, corporate reports, policy documents, and environmental reports. Key data sources include regional economic statistics from the Central Bureau of Statistics, corporate publications from Harita Nickel, and regulatory frameworks such as Law No. 3 of 2020 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining. The findings show that the downstreaming policy has transformed Indonesia’s nickel industry by shifting export patterns from raw ore toward higher value-added products such as ferronickel and Mixed Hydroxide Precipitate (MHP), which are essential materials for electric vehicle battery production. The integration of Rotary Kiln Electric Furnace (RKEF) and High Pressure Acid Leach (HPAL) technologies in Obi Island has strengthened Indonesia’s role in the global battery supply chain while also stimulating regional economic growth in South Halmahera. However, the rapid expansion of the nickel industry also raises environmental governance challenges that require stronger regulatory oversight and sustainable mining practices. Therefore, future policy implementation should emphasize balanced economic development, environmental sustainability, and effective governance in mineral resource management.

This community service activity aims to improve the effectiveness of clean water distribution management through the implementation of a Water Level Control (WLC) system as an automatic control for water pumps and three-phase motors at a regional drinking water supply company in Lamongan. The methods employed include field observation, problem identification, system design and implementation, as well as periodic evaluation of system performance. The activity focuses on the water treatment unit by conducting control and monitoring of operational parameters such as frequency (Hz), pump pressure, and flow stability to ensure optimal water distribution according to consumer needs. The results indicate that the implementation of the WLC system enhances operational efficiency, minimizes human error, and supports more structured and sustainable equipment maintenance. In addition, this activity contributes to improving the knowledge and technical skills of personnel in operating, monitoring, and maintaining automated control systems. In managing automation-based technology in a professional and independent manner, human resource capacity is strengthened, while the quality of clean water services is also improved through this community service program.