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The Aceh Tamiang region was one of the areas affected by the hydrometeorological disaster. The disaster not only caused damage to community facilities and infrastructure but also left behind dead soil deposits that were poor in nutrients, dense in texture, and less productive for supporting agricultural and plantation activities. Research was conducted to examine strategies for utilizing dead soil after flooding by processing it with organic materials so that it could be converted into organic fertilizer with utility and economic value. This research aimed to find environmentally friendly land rehabilitation solutions, increase soil productivity, and open new business opportunities for disaster-affected communities. The results showed that the combination of flood sediment soil with organic materials significantly increased nutrient content, improved soil structure, increased water holding capacity, and accelerated the growth of test plants compared to untreated soil. Furthermore, this program provides dual benefits: on the one hand, it serves as a post-disaster land rehabilitation solution, and on the other hand, it serves as an opportunity for an organic fertilizer business that can reduce the community's dependence on relatively expensive chemical fertilizers. The implications of this research are not only limited to the technical aspects of agriculture but also touch on the socio-economic dimensions of the community. Utilizing dead soil as organic fertilizer can strengthen local economic resilience, increase farmer independence, and encourage the creation of environmentally friendly, sustainable agricultural systems. Therefore, this strategy can serve as an innovative model for addressing the impacts of hydrometeorological disasters in other areas facing similar challenges.

The farmer empowerment program in Dilem Village, Gondang District, was implemented through training on the production of solid compost based on livestock manure as an effort to enhance the independence and agricultural productivity of the local farming community. This training was designed to utilize local resources through a village potential–based approach that emphasizes the optimization of livestock waste and organic materials available in the surrounding environment. The implementation methods included socialization activities, material delivery, hands-on practice in compost production, and post-training assistance to ensure the sustainability of technology application at the farmer level. The results of the program indicated an increase in farmers’ knowledge and skills in the compost-making process, enabling them to produce organic fertilizer independently and reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers. This program also had a positive impact on soil quality, production cost efficiency, environmental cleanliness, and supported environmentally friendly and sustainable agricultural practices. Thus, this training activity contributes to strengthening the local economy, improving farmers’ welfare, and developing a sustainable agricultural system based on local resources in Dilem Village in a continuous and practical manner.

Malino City in Gowa Regency plays a crucial ecological role as a water catchment area, yet it currently faces the threat of land degradation due to land-use conversion and erosion in hilly areas. This community service activity aims to implement soil conservation while enhancing the economic potential of local residents through the planting of productive fruit tree seedlings. The methods employed include educational socialization, training on planting techniques for sloped land, and the distribution of superior fruit tree seedlings (avocado, durian, and orange). The results indicate an increase in community understanding regarding the importance of permanent vegetation in maintaining soil stability. A total of [Mention number] tree seedlings were planted with the active participation of local farmer groups. In conclusion, the integration of ecological and economic aspects through productive trees creates a sustainable conservation system by providing direct financial benefits to the community, thereby increasing their motivation to preserve the environment in the Malino region.

The 2023 forest fire on Mount Arjuno burned more than 3,315 hectares of land, threatening biodiversity and damaging the balance of the local ecosystem, including the loss of large trees and a decline in soil quality. In response to these conditions, the 80 Gunung Arjuno 3339 Mdpl Expedition was initiated as a form of community service aimed at restoring the ecosystem through tree planting along the Sumber Brantas–Cangar hiking trail. This activity involved collaboration between the Forestry Service, the Naval Academy, the Indonesian National Armed Forces, the community, students, and volunteers. The implementation method included preliminary studies, procurement of local tree seedlings such as mountain pine and eucalyptus, structured planting along the hiking trail from post 2 to post 3, and post-planting monitoring by Tahura Raden Suryo. A total of ±300 participants planted around 600 trees in this expedition. In addition to planting, participants also carried out mountain clean-up activities. The results of the activities show that tree planting can reduce the risk of erosion and improve soil structure after fires, as well as encourage community involvement in sustainable environmental conservation. This activity proves the importance of cross-sector synergy for effective and sustainable environmental restoration.

This community service program was conducted in Manarap Baru Village, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan, focusing on the utilization of rice husks as a planting medium to promote creative economic development. The background of this initiative stems from the local soil conditions, which are predominantly fill soil and swamp, making it less suitable for plant cultivation. Additionally, the community—especially housewives—faces limited knowledge and resources in processing agricultural waste into economically valuable products. The implementation methods included preliminary surveys, socialization, educational outreach, hands-on practice, and evaluation. The materials delivered covered the benefits of rice husks as planting media and compost, techniques for converting husks into charcoal, and business opportunities derived from processed husk products.The results of the program showed a significant improvement in participants' understanding of independent planting media and compost production, reduced reliance on commercial products, and the emergence of new business opportunities that support sustainable agriculture.

Degraded post-mining lands in East Kalimantan suffer from low soil fertility, reduced biodiversity, and limited economic value for local communities. Previous efforts, such as monoculture reforestation or single-sector agriculture, have produced limited ecological recovery and economic resilience. This study aims to develop a community-based sustainable business model and assess the ecological and economic impacts of an integrated cattle–forage–stingless bee system in post-mining regions. A mixed-methods approach combined qualitative techniques (in-depth interviews, focus group discussions) with quantitative analyses (carbon footprint, R/C ratio, B/C ratio) across five regencies, involving five key informants and thirty farmers. The system advances SDGs by increasing income through diversified products (SDGs 1, 2, 8), converting degraded land into carbon sinks (-12.05 tCO₂e/ha/year) (SDGs 13, 15), and supporting biodiversity through pollination (SDG 15). Its cyclical approach, aligned with SDG 12, transforms wastelands into sustainable agricultural landscapes, addressing climate and livelihood challenges. This is the first empirical study to link carbon sequestration and biodiversity gains with economic viability in a three-tier cattle–forage–stingless bee integration for post-mining landscapes.

Appropriate technology innovation (TTG) in agriculture is an important solution in improving farmers' work efficiency, especially in the fertilization process. In Pamotan Village, where the majority of the population are tobacco farmers, the fertilization method is still done manually by sowing on the soil surface. This method often causes uneven distribution of fertilizer, wastage of energy and time, and a lot of fertilizer lost by water or wind. This community service activity aims to introduce a manual fertilizer sowing tool made from PVC as a simple, cheap, and easy-to-use solution for farmers. The implementation method includes counseling, tool demonstration, and direct training to farmer groups as activity partners. Evaluation was conducted through observation and questionnaires before and after the activity. The results showed an increase in farmers' understanding of efficient fertilization, as well as a positive response to the tools that were considered practical and economical. The use of this seedling tool can save up to 30% fertilizer and speed up the fertilization process by 40%. Thus, this manual fertilizer seedling tool is effective in helping farmers improve work efficiency and productivity, and is very suitable for small-scale farmers in rural areas.

Kebonagung hamlet in Sukolelo village is an area where the majority of residents cultivate bananas. The abundant banana production generates a considerable amount of waste, one of which is banana stems that are usually piled up, burned, or left to rot without further use. Therefore, this community service project aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential use of banana waste as raw material for organic compost in Kebonagung Hamlet, Sukolelo Village. The methods used in this study involved banana farmers as research subjects and banana stems as research objects, with data collection techniques including field observations, interviews with farmers, and composting experiments. Simple laboratory analysis shows that compost from banana waste contains 1.8% nitrogen (N), 0.9% phosphorus (P), and 2.3% potassium (K), making it highly potential for use as compost material. In addition, composting activities can create new jobs through the development of organic fertilizer management business units at the village level. This is in line with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12 on responsible consumption and production. According to Santoso (2020), the benefits of compost include: (a) improving soil structure, (b) increasing soil water storage capacity, (c) increasing soil microbial activity, and (d) reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers. Qualitative data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing in the form of nutrient content analyzed using simple laboratory tests to determine the levels of N, P, and K. The banana waste composting process went well. In the first week, the temperature of the compost pile increased to 45°C, indicating high microorganism activity. The temperature stabilized at around 50–55°C. After the second week, the temperature decreased and stabilized close to the ambient temperature, indicating that the compost was mature.

Waste management has become an increasingly complex environmental issue, particularly in urban areas and densely populated settlements. The lack of public awareness in disposing of waste properly has caused numerous negative impacts, including soil and water pollution, flooding due to clogged drainage systems, reduced environmental aesthetics, and the spread of infectious diseases. These conditions indicate that the waste problem is not merely a technical issue of collection and disposal, but also strongly related to people’s behavior and environmental awareness. Therefore, a simple, practical, and effective approach is required to encourage behavioral change in daily life. One alternative solution is through visual education by using waste signboards that display educational and persuasive messages. These signboards are installed in strategic locations to serve as direct reminders for residents to care more about environmental cleanliness. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of waste education signboards in improving community understanding and discipline in waste disposal practices. The methods applied included counseling sessions, participatory discussions with residents, designing communicative and attractive signboards, and installing them in high-traffic areas such as main roads, schools, worship places, and public spaces. The results of the activity indicated an increase in public knowledge regarding the impacts of waste, active participation in maintaining cleanliness, and a significant reduction in littering behavior around the areas where the signboards were installed. Furthermore, residents gave positive feedback and expressed their willingness to expand the initiative by adding more signboards in other locations as part of sustainable action. In conclusion, educational signboards proved to be an effective, low-cost, and practical medium to raise community awareness. Beyond delivering environmental messages, the signboards also helped strengthen collective commitment among residents to create a clean, healthy, and sustainable living environment.

This community service program in Gunung Kijang Village, Bintan Regency, Riau Islands Province, was designed to strengthen local empowerment through the synergy of education, economy, agriculture, and social participation. The activities consisted of four initiatives: workshops on Canva-based learning media for teachers, digital marketing training and social media account creation for MSMEs, participatory mapping of challenges and potentials of local food businesses, and smart farming education using soil moisture sensors to introduce efficient irrigation technology. The results showed significant achievements across sectors. In education, teachers improved their technological skills and created interactive media that enhanced student motivation. In the economic sector, MSMEs adopted digital promotion strategies, leading to wider market reach and sales. The participatory mapping revealed obstacles such as licensing, packaging, and financial literacy, while also identifying opportunities for product diversification using local resources. In agriculture, farmers were introduced to water-saving irrigation technology that improved efficiency and supported environmentally friendly practices. On the social side, community institutions such as PKK, Karang Taruna, and farmer groups played an important role in strengthening solidarity and expanding collaboration. Overall, the program proved that integrating digital literacy, technological innovation, and community participation can accelerate rural independence while fostering sustainable welfare for island communities.  

The problem of plastic waste in Gandan Hamlet, Pogalan Village, is becoming an increasingly urgent environmental issue that requires sustainable management. Unmanaged waste can pollute the soil, air, and water, and threaten public health. In response to this situation, Tidar University Community Service (KKN) students implemented an innovative community-based waste management program. The main focus of this program is to utilize plastic waste into products with utility and sales value, namely plastic-filled pillows and Eco-Paving Blocks. This activity was carried out through a participatory approach by actively involving the community at every stage, from outreach and education to technical training on the collection, sorting, and processing of plastic waste. The education provided concerns the dangers of plastic waste to the environment and the importance of recycling as an alternative solution. Making pillows from plastic filling was chosen because the process is simple, inexpensive, and can be done by housewives. Meanwhile, Eco-Paving Blocks are the result of utilizing mixed plastic waste as an environmentally friendly and durable building material. This program has succeeded in reducing the volume of plastic waste in the surrounding environment, while raising public awareness of the importance of environmental conservation. Furthermore, this activity opens up new economic opportunities for the community by creating creative products from waste. Evaluation results show that the community-based waste management model is effective in fostering community independence in waste processing, creating a cleaner environment, and encouraging a culture of sustainable living at the village level. The success of this program is expected to serve as an example for replication in other areas with similar challenges. Continued support from the village government and cross-sector collaboration are key to this initiative's continued growth and long-term impact.

This community service activity was carried out in Dahu Village, Pandeglang Regency, with the main objective of introducing and implementing biopore infiltration hole technology as a simple and environmentally friendly solution to address waterlogging and organic waste management. Biopores are small-diameter vertical holes dug into the ground and then filled with organic waste, such as dry leaves, vegetable scraps, or food scraps. This organic waste will naturally decompose through a decomposition process, producing compost that is useful for fertilizing the soil. Furthermore, the presence of biopore holes can improve the groundwater absorption capacity, thereby reducing the risk of waterlogging and minor flooding around residential areas. During the implementation, we as students not only provided theoretical explanations through socialization sessions but also actively participated directly in the field. Together with residents, we practiced making biopore holes, starting from the stages of preparing tools and materials, the process of drilling the soil, and filling the holes with organic waste. This practical activity was designed to help the community understand the steps for making biopores independently and utilizing them sustainably. The results of the activity showed an increase in community understanding and awareness of the importance of easy, affordable, and beneficial waste management. The community is beginning to realize that waste processing does not always require large costs or complicated technology. Biopore holes have been proven effective in accelerating rainwater absorption, reducing household waste volume, and improving soil fertility. Beyond the environmental impact, this activity also strengthens relationships between students and villagers through the collaboration established during the biopore construction process. Thus, this program is expected to be the first step towards a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable village.

This research aims to explore the potential of paper waste as a recycled material that can be transformed into economically valuable products through a philanthropic approach focused on community empowerment and environmental sustainability. Paper waste is a type of waste whose volume continues to increase due to high paper consumption in various sectors. Without proper management, this waste has the potential to negatively impact the environment, such as soil and water pollution. Therefore, innovative strategies are needed to transform paper waste into new products that are not only environmentally friendly but also have market value. Through a community-based recycling program, this research emphasizes the importance of community involvement, particularly low-income groups, in every stage of the production process. The resulting creative products, such as handicrafts, decorative materials, and household items, not only extend the life cycle of paper but also open up new economic opportunities for the community. Profits from the sale of these products are allocated to fund social programs, including education, skills training, and other empowerment activities aimed at improving community well-being. The research results show that despite challenges in terms of limited technology, market access, and human resource capacity, paper recycling programs still have promising prospects if supported by various parties, including the government, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector. This support can include the provision of simple technology, entrepreneurship training, and effective marketing strategies. Thus, this paper recycling initiative is not only a solution to reduce waste but also a sustainable socio-economic empowerment model, providing dual benefits for the environment and society.

Horticultural commodities are an important component in the development of agriculture that continues to grow. In order to fulfill family nutrition, horticultural cultivation is one of the routine jobs of farmers in Kawangu Village, Pandawai District-East Sumba which is located in a coastal area with an altitude of 40 meters above sea level. The soil conditions that are more dominated by sand and rocks cause farmers in the location to experience obstacles in fulfilling organic fertilizers as an important input in the process of cultivating horticultural plants. This community service activity is expected to provide new knowledge about making solid organic fertilizers so that farmers can apply them to horticultural plants. Community service activities are carried out using the PRA (Participatory Rural Approach) method including observation, problem identification, counseling, making solid organic fertilizers, mentoring and evaluation. Through this activity, farmers have succeeded in making solid organic fertilizers using local materials available around the horticultural land and have been applied directly in the cultivation of horticultural plants. This community service has been successfully implemented independently by farmers by utilizing leaf litter and livestock manure around the horticultural land.

This study explores the dual impact of artisanal gold mining on economic livelihood and environmental sustainability in Tedeboe Village, Rampi District, North Luwu Regency. Employing a qualitative case study design, data were gathered through in-depth interviews with four key informants—including the village head and three local miners—and through direct field observation. Data were analyzed using Creswell’s qualitative analysis framework, encompassing coding and thematic development to capture nuanced insights. The findings indicate that artisanal gold mining has significantly improved household income, especially in meeting basic needs and funding education. However, the sector’s informal nature and high dependency expose the community to economic volatility. Moreover, despite limited use of chemicals, awareness of mercury’s environmental and health risks is rising among miners. Environmental degradation, particularly soil and water pollution, alongside potential respiratory hazards, emerges as a critical concern. The study underscores the urgent need for sustainable mining practices, stronger local regulation, and capacity-building through education and economic diversification. These findings advocate for a balanced approach to rural development—one that harmonizes economic benefits with ecological resilience and community well-being.

Modern agriculture faces serious challenges such as climate change, soil degradation, and dependence on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which negatively impact the environment and human health. To support sustainable food security, innovative and environmentally friendly solutions are required. One promising alternative is the use of endophytic bacteria as biological agents to enhance plant growth without relying on synthetic chemicals. This study aims to examine the role of endophytic bacteria in organic farming systems through a combination of laboratory tests and field experiments. The research stages include isolation and identification of endophytic bacteria from plant tissues, testing the ability of the bacteria to support plant growth in vitro, and applying it to organic farmland to evaluate resistance to pests and crop yields. The independent variable in the study is the type of endophytic bacteria, while the dependent variables include plant growth rates, pest resistance, and crop productivity. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA, followed by post-hoc tests to determine the effectiveness of the treatments. The results showed that treatments with endophytic bacteria, both singular and combined, significantly improved vegetative growth, reduced pest attacks, and increased crop yields compared to the control. The combination of bacterial isolates proved to have a stronger synergistic effect than single treatments. These findings demonstrate the potential of endophytic bacteria as natural biofertilizers and biopesticides to support environmentally friendly organic farming.

Real Work Lecture (KKN) is a form of student service to the community through empowerment programs. In KKN activities in Munggu Village, Sungai Selan District, Central Bangka Regency, the KKN team carried out the program "Seeding Chili Seeds in Polybags: Practical and Economical Cultivation" as a solution for the community to increase agricultural production in a simple and sustainable manner. This program aims to provide education and direct practice to residents about chili seed seeding techniques using polybags, which are more efficient in land use and cost. The methods used in this program include preparing tools and materials such as polybags and filling special soil into polybags for the chili seed seeding process until it is ready to be transferred to a larger area or managed in polybags. The results of this program will be shared with the people of Munggu village to increase public awareness about the importance of sustainable agriculture and food independence. With this program, it is hoped that the community can continue to develop chili cultivation independently. This program can also be a model for other regions that want to implement the cultivation of treasure crops practically and economically.

Suboptimal waste management in Kalijoso Village, Secang District, Magelang Regency, is a critical issue that impacts environmental sustainability and public health. The inefficiency of conventional waste disposal methods has led to increased waste accumulation, soil and water pollution, and the spread of diseases, which has significant consequences for local communities. To address these challenges, the local government and community organizations have embraced the principles of the 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) through a transformation of traditional waste disposal sites (TPS) into 3R TPS. The new approach focuses on sustainable waste management practices that reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills. One of the key strategies implemented is educational outreach to raise awareness about the importance of waste segregation and recycling. Additionally, training programs have been conducted to teach the community how to process organic waste, particularly through the cultivation of maggots using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae. This method not only helps reduce the volume of organic waste but also provides a practical solution for transforming waste into valuable resources. The maggots cultivated during the demonstration are used as animal feed, which creates a sustainable circular economy within the community. Furthermore, composting organic waste results in high-quality compost that supports local agricultural activities. This has added economic value by reducing the need for chemical fertilizers, while simultaneously improving soil health. The role of the Salakan Hamlet Youth Organization has been instrumental in this initiative. They have successfully managed a waste bank, providing an organized and systematic approach to waste collection and recycling. This initiative has fostered a sense of community responsibility and has not only improved waste management practices but also contributed to the overall economic development of the village.

Practical activities as a form of community service have the aim of applying agricultural land management based on the contribution of soil macrofauna in Moutong Village, Tilongkabila District, Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province. This community service activity involves students using practical methods, namely by directly testing on previously determined land. The importance of managing agricultural land by considering soil macrofauna (such as earthworms, ants, and Zoysia matrella) is an easy and cheap option to maintain the fertility and productivity of agricultural land. The implementation of this activity went smoothly, starting with preparation, implementation, and closing. Participants were enthusiastic and orderly in following the entire series of community service activities. It is hoped that this management will have an impact on the health and sustainability of agricultural land for future generations.

The community service report regarding education on soil reinforcement using stone gabions in Walantaka District, Kalodran Village, Serang City, aims to increase public understanding of soil reinforcement, educate on techniques for making and installing stone gabions, and encourage community participation in protecting the environment. This activity includes outreach, training and field practice that actively involves the community. The results of this activity show an increase in community knowledge about soil strengthening, the success of installing stone gabions in areas prone to erosion, and high community participation. It is hoped that this activity can continue and become an example for other regions, with recommendations for continuing educational programs on a regular basis, inviting related parties to support similar activities, and encouraging innovation in environmentally friendly soil strengthening techniques. Thank you to all parties who contributed, especially the people of Kalodran Village, I hope this activity will be beneficial for the environment and society.