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Sleep duration and sleep quality are essential physiological needs that play a significant role in the emotional and behavioral development of children aged 3–6 years. Adequate sleep supports brain development, cognitive functioning, emotional regulation, and social interaction skills in early childhood. Conversely, poor sleep duration and low sleep quality may negatively affect children’s attention, mood stability, and ability to interact socially with peers and caregivers. This article is a literature review using a systematic review approach that analyzes 10 scientific articles published between 2016–2026 to evaluate the relationship between sleep duration and sleep quality with emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children. The article selection process followed the PRISMA flow diagram, with articles sourced from Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. The findings consistently indicate that inadequate sleep duration and poor sleep quality are associated with increased emotional and behavioral problems, including hyperactivity, anxiety, emotional dysregulation, and difficulties in social interaction among children. Furthermore, sleep disturbances were found to negatively influence children’s emotional self-regulation abilities, which are crucial for adaptive behavior. Therefore, ensuring adequate sleep duration and improving sleep quality are important strategies to support optimal emotional and behavioral development in preschool-aged children.

The academic transition phase among tenth-grade students represents an important period that requires the ability to adjust to changes in the environment, academic demands, and increasingly complex social dynamics. This study aims to analyze psychosocial dynamics in the student adaptation process during the academic transition phase through a literature review approach. The method employed was a library research study by examining various relevant scientific sources related to adolescent psychosocial development, adaptation processes, psychosocial impacts, and strategies for addressing students’ adaptation problems. The results of the review indicate that the adaptation process is influenced by both internal and external factors. Internal factors include emotional condition, coping ability, and self-control, while external factors include support from family, peers, teachers, and the school environment. Students’ inability to adapt may lead to anxiety, low self-confidence, academic difficulties, and obstacles in social interaction. Efforts to support students’ adaptation process can be carried out through strengthening social support, optimizing guidance and counseling services, and implementing self-management techniques to enhance students’ self-regulation abilities. With appropriate support and intervention strategies, students are expected to navigate the academic transition phase more effectively and develop optimally in psychological, social, and academic aspects.

Adolescents are considered a vulnerable group to nutritional problems because they experience rapid physical growth accompanied by lifestyle changes and unhealthy eating habits. The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among teenagers has become a major public health concern that requires serious attention. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between peer influence, the frequency of eating out, and fast-food consumption habits with the incidence of overweight among students at SMAN 1 Surabaya. The research applied a quantitative approach using an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional method. A total of 81 students participated in the study and were selected through proportional random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires, SQ-FFQ forms, and anthropometric measurements, then analyzed using the Chi-Square statistical test. The findings revealed significant associations between peer influence, eating out frequency, and fast-food consumption habits with the occurrence of overweight among adolescents. Students who more frequently consumed meals outside the home and regularly ate fast food showed a greater tendency to experience overweight and obesity. These results indicate that social environments and modern dietary patterns contribute to the increasing prevalence of overweight among adolescents. Therefore, nutrition education and healthy lifestyle promotion should be strengthened through the involvement of schools, families, and peer groups.

 This study examines women’s transformational leadership in educational institutions through a systematic literature review approach. The increasing involvement of women in leadership positions in schools and universities has attracted academic attention to understand their contribution to organizational development and the improvement of educational quality. This study aims to synthesize recent empirical research findings on women’s transformational leadership in education. The method used was a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by identifying, evaluating, and synthesizing relevant studies published between 2021–2026 through academic databases such as Google Scholar and ScienceDirect using the keywords “transformational leadership,” “women leadership,” and “education or school.” After a selection process based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 empirical articles were analyzed. The findings indicate that female leaders tend to demonstrate transformational leadership characteristics, including inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, idealized influence, and individualized consideration. These leadership practices positively affect teacher motivation and performance, organizational commitment, organizational climate, and learning innovation. However, women in leadership positions still face challenges such as gender stereotypes, structural bias, and social expectations regarding gender roles, indicating the need for institutional support and more inclusive policies.

 The Ministry of Health and the Coordinating Ministry for Human Development and Culture indicate that 41% of students experience hunger, which has an impact on the decline in the quality of education. The Free Nutritional Meals (MBG) policy is present as a strategy oriented towards more inclusive and sustainable education. The purpose of this study is to determine the Free Nutritional Meals (MBG) program policy based on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory at SD Negeri 2 Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi in 2025. This study is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. Informants in this study numbered 10 people, namely 3 key informants and 7 supporting informants selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study on students' physiological needs show variations in the level of students' satiety. Students' need for safety shows students are calmer and more focused, although there are still variations in perceptions among some students and parents. The need for socialization shows that the MBG program encourages communication, as well as the formation of attitudes of mutual assistance and mutual cooperation. The need for appreciation shows equal conditions regardless of economic background. The need for self-actualization shows increased participation, discipline, and responsibility, although influenced by individual character. It can be concluded that the MBG program has been able to fulfill the physiological, security, socialization, appreciation and self-actualization needs of students, although some needs are influenced by individual character.

The study of power in higher education institutions is important because power dynamics influence not only formal organizational systems but also informal relationships within academic communities. This research aims to analyze patterns of power manifestation in higher education institutions, understand their influence on organizational behavior, and identify the structural and cultural aspects involved in the process. The method applied in this study is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), conducted through collecting, reviewing, and synthesizing various relevant literature related to power and governance in higher education. The findings indicate that pro-social manifestations of power and structural empowerment can positively contribute to job satisfaction and create a healthier and more conducive academic climate. On the other hand, centralized authority and unequal power relations may generate various negative impacts on organizations, such as reduced participation and institutional effectiveness. Therefore, higher education institutions need to implement a more participatory and adaptive governance model to minimize the negative effects of power asymmetry while strengthening collaboration, inclusiveness, and the overall quality of the academic environment.

This study aims to explore the role of pet attachment among cat owners in Palembang, focusing on how emotional bonds are formed, interpreted, and influence psychological well-being. A qualitative approach was employed using purposive sampling to select two main participants who had high interaction intensity with their cats, along with additional informants from family members and neighbors. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, then analyzed thematically with source triangulation to ensure validity. The findings reveal that pet attachment develops through daily interactions such as feeding, cleaning, playing, and monitoring the cat’s health. Cats are perceived not only as domestic animals but also as companions that provide psychological comfort, emotional support, and stress reduction. Factors shaping attachment include emotional needs, intensity of daily interaction, empathy toward the pet’s condition, long-term caregiving commitment, and the perception of cats as significant companions. The duration of ownership strengthens attachment quality, while the loss of a pet triggers profound grief comparable to losing a family member. Moreover, pet attachment influences family dynamics and social identity, portraying owners as caring and empathetic individuals. In conclusion, pet attachment among cat owners in Palembang is a complex psychological phenomenon involving emotional, social, and behavioral dimensions. The relationship between humans and cats extends beyond utilitarian functions, evolving into deep affective bonds that serve as coping mechanisms and psychosocial support in urban life. These findings enrich the literature on human-animal relationships and highlight the therapeutic and emotional value of pets in modern society.

Religious culture that is still quite strong in the community is an important capital in the implementation of youth development programs. However, the influence of social media, promiscuity, and the lack of religious activities that are attractive to the younger generation have led to a decrease in adolescents' interest in religious activities in mosques. Therefore, this research aims to form the character of discipline, responsibility, and cooperation in the group through Islamic hadrah art activities. This study uses the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) method, which is a community empowerment approach that focuses on the strengths and potentials possessed by the community, not on existing shortcomings or problems. In this approach, the community is invited to identify various assets they have, such as human resources, local institutions, cultural values, and social networks that can be used to overcome the problems they face. The results of the study showed that the adolescent participants experienced improved skills in playing hadrah and understanding of religious values. In addition, there has been a change in behavior towards being more disciplined, active, and caring for religious activities in the mosque environment.

The routine prayer recitation activity with teenagers in Jatikalang Village, Krian, Sidoarjo, essentially arose from the need for moral development among teenagers amidst today's increasingly complex and externally influenced lives. Through this activity, it is hoped that teenagers can become closer to religious values ​​without feeling patronized, as the activities are simple and relevant to their daily lives. Furthermore, a sense of community among teenagers is fostered, becoming more than just a form of worship but also a positive gathering space. The implementation itself uses an Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach, emphasizing existing community potential, such as the role of administrators, youth involvement, and available village facilities. The activity is relatively simple, starting with an opening and reciting prayers, rowi Diba' (the prayer of the Prophet), mahalul qiyam (the prayer of the Prophet), and closing with a short sermon (kultum) usually containing light but impactful messages. These activities are beginning to show changes: teenagers are becoming more active, a sense of togetherness is growing, and good habits such as discipline, mutual respect, and responsibility are gradually emerging. Furthermore, this activity serves as an alternative to prevent teenagers from getting caught up in less beneficial activities. There are still challenges, particularly with fluctuating attendance and the strong influence of the external environment. However, if maintained and developed consistently, this activity has great potential to become a platform for social and spiritual development for youth. Overall, this sholawat routine is quite effective in developing religious character and strengthening social ties within the community.

Social interaction is an important part of students' lives, especially in the school environment and socializing with peers. In the process of this interaction, verbal bullying behavior often appears which is often considered a form of joke or a natural thing. In fact, verbal bullying can have a quite serious psychological impact on students who experience it. This study aims to examine various forms of verbal bullying that occur in social interactions in students and analyze the psychological impact it causes. This study uses a literature review method by analyzing various scientific sources in the form of research journals, scientific articles, and relevant books published in the range of 2016–2026. The results of the study show that verbal bullying in students can appear in various forms, such as mockery of physical or ability, insults, the use of harsh words, yelling, and humiliation in front of others or the general public. Various studies have also shown that these behaviors are influenced by the factors of the friendship environment, lack of emotional control, and excessive joke culture among students. The psychological impact caused includes decreased self-confidence, the emergence of feelings of sadness, anxiety, stress, and a tendency to withdraw from the social environment. Therefore, attention from various parties, especially the school and family environment, is needed to prevent and reduce the occurrence of verbal bullying so that students' psychological development can take place in a healthy manner.

This study aims to understand the psychological dynamics of bilih fish traders at Lake Singkarak in facing periods of scarcity, including psychological processes, survival strategies, and the impacts experienced. This research employs a qualitative approach using the Miles and Huberman data analysis model, which includes data collection, data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The results show that the traders possess strong psychological resilience in dealing with economic and environmental pressures. Cognitively, they demonstrate adaptive thinking and maintain optimism; affectively, they are able to manage negative emotions such as anxiety and stress; and conatively, they remain active in making efforts to sustain their businesses. The adaptive strategies implemented include business diversification, restructuring of capital management, and strengthening social networks with fishermen and other business actors. These dynamics are influenced by internal factors such as experience, religious values, and social responsibility, as well as external factors such as environmental conditions and market competition. Overall, psychological resilience, social values, and spirituality are key factors in maintaining business sustainability during periods of scarcity. Therefore, support from the government is needed in the form of training, financial assistance, and policies that favor local business actors.

The routine prayer recitation activity with teenagers in Jatikalang Village, Krian, Sidoarjo, essentially arose from the need for moral development among teenagers amidst today's increasingly complex and externally influenced lives. Through this activity, it is hoped that teenagers can become closer to religious values ​​without feeling patronized, as the activities are simple and relevant to their daily lives. Furthermore, a sense of community among teenagers is fostered, becoming more than just a form of worship but also a positive gathering space. The implementation itself uses an Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach, emphasizing existing community potential, such as the role of administrators, youth involvement, and available village facilities. The activity is relatively simple, starting with an opening and reciting prayers, rowi Diba' (the prayer of the Prophet), mahalul qiyam (the prayer of the Prophet), and closing with a short sermon (kultum) usually containing light but impactful messages. These activities are beginning to show changes: teenagers are becoming more active, a sense of togetherness is growing, and good habits such as discipline, mutual respect, and responsibility are gradually emerging. Furthermore, this activity serves as an alternative to prevent teenagers from getting caught up in less beneficial activities. There are still challenges, particularly with fluctuating attendance and the strong influence of the external environment. However, if maintained and developed consistently, this activity has great potential to become a platform for social and spiritual development for youth. Overall, this sholawat routine is quite effective in developing religious character and strengthening social ties within the community.

Leprosy remains a significant public health problem in various developing countries, including Indonesia. This disease is caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which attacks the skin and peripheral nerves and can cause long-term physical, psychological, and social impacts if not treated early and adequately. Health-seeking behavior in leprosy patients is also influenced by structural factors such as the availability of health facilities, distance, transportation costs, and the quality of communication between health workers and patients. Research in various endemic countries confirms that friendly, accessible primary health care services that provide comprehensive education can improve early detection and therapy adherence. Patient SA, an 11-year-old child diagnosed with multibacillary (MB) leprosy and has been undergoing treatment for four months. The progression of the disease to MB indicates limitations in early symptom recognition and the family's health-seeking behavior, which may be influenced by low perceptions of disease susceptibility and severity, lack of knowledge, and barriers to accessing health services. However, after the diagnosis was confirmed and education provided by health workers, positive behavioral changes occurred, indicated by the patient's adherence to routine therapy as recommended.

This community service program addresses the decline of local wisdom values of Siri’ na Pacce among younger generations due to modernization and foreign cultural influences. Siri’ na Pacce represents the cultural foundation of Makassar society, emphasizing self-esteem, honesty, and social solidarity, which are essential for maintaining social harmony. The program aims to identify youth understanding of these values, develop social education based on local wisdom, and enhance awareness and application in daily life. A participatory approach was applied, including initial observation, material development, interactive workshops, discussions, mentoring, and evaluation. The program involved 40 purposively selected youths from Bontomanai Village, Bungaya District, Gowa Regency, an agrarian community experiencing cultural shifts. The results indicate improved understanding of Siri’ na Pacce, increased critical awareness of globalization’s impact, and stronger internalization of cultural values in social interactions. Additionally, cultural preservation initiatives emerged through creative media. In conclusion, social education based on Siri’ na Pacce is effective in strengthening youth character rooted in cultural identity while mitigating negative effects of modernization. Continuous mentoring and integration of local values into formal and non-formal education are recommended.

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is essential for infant growth and immunity during the first six months of life. Despite its benefits, many primiparous mothers face challenges in maintaining EBF due to lack of experience, stress, and insufficient support. Husband support has been identified as a crucial social factor that can influence a mother’s confidence and success in breastfeeding. This study aimed to examine the relationship between husband support and the success of exclusive breastfeeding among primiparous mothers in the Kalibaru Public Health Center area. A cross-sectional correlational design was employed, with 90 primiparous mothers selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires measuring husband support, including emotional, informational, and instrumental dimensions, and exclusive breastfeeding practice, following the World Health Organization (WHO) definition. Descriptive statistics summarized participants’ demographic characteristics and levels of support, while inferential analysis using the Chi-square test and Pearson correlation determined the association between husband support and EBF success. The results indicated that higher levels of husband support were significantly associated with successful exclusive breastfeeding among primiparous mothers (p < 0.05). Among the types of support, emotional and informational support were particularly influential in enhancing maternal confidence and overcoming breastfeeding challenges. These findings suggest that encouraging husband involvement through prenatal education, counseling, and family-based interventions can improve EBF rates. In conclusion, husband support plays a vital role in the successful practice of exclusive breastfeeding among first-time mothers. Health programs should actively involve fathers to provide emotional, informational, and practical support, thereby promoting optimal breastfeeding outcomes and infant health in the community.

Family health is a fundamental component of public health development, as the family represents the smallest social unit shaping individual health behaviors. This study aimed to analyze the family health conditions of the community in Pulau Jambu Village, Kampar District, based on demographic, behavioral, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed with a total sample of 153 respondents selected using random sampling, ensuring equal probability for each population member to be included.The results indicated that most respondents were in the productive age group of 19–60 years (68.8%), with farming as the dominant occupation (47.1%). The majority relied on borehole wells as their water source (61.4%); however, 47.1% had septic tank distances ≤10 meters, posing potential risks of water contamination. Regular physical activity was reported by 60.8% of respondents, yet the prevalence of smoking was very high (78.4%). Most respondents had a junior high school education (45.1%), influencing health literacy levels, although 58.2% demonstrated good knowledge of clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS). Health service utilization was relatively high (86.3%), though some residents still practiced traditional treatment.In conclusion, family health conditions are influenced by a combination of behavioral, environmental sanitation, and socioeconomic factors. Strengthening family-based health interventions through PHBS education, smoking control, and environmental sanitation improvement is essential to enhance sustainable community health status.

The phenomenon of moral degradation and the increase in negative activities among children during the crucial hours between dusk and evening have become serious challenges for the community in Ujung Negeri Kahan Village. This community service research aims to evaluate and optimize the role of the "Maghrib Mengaji" program as a preventive instrument to shield children from unhealthy environmental influences and gadget dependency. The method employed in this service is participatory mentoring using the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach, involving religious leaders, parents, and village officials. Through the restructuring of activities in mosques and prayer rooms, this program focuses not only on Qur'anic literacy but also on the cultivation of noble character (akhlakul karimah). The results indicate a significant transformation in behavior; children who previously engaged in counterproductive outdoor activities are now more focused on positive spiritual and social endeavors. The success of the program is indicated by a decrease in the intensity of nighttime wandering and an increase in learning discipline. The conclusion of this activity confirms that community synergy through structured religious programs is effective in reducing the potential for juvenile delinquency and strengthening the moral resilience of the younger generation at the rural level.

The development of digital technology and the widespread use of social media, particularly Instagram and TikTok, have opened opportunities for online interaction but also increased the risk of cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is aggressive behavior via digital media intended to harm or degrade others. One psychological factor believed to influence this behavior is emotional regulation, which is the ability to manage and express emotions appropriately in different situations. This study aims to examine the relationship between emotional regulation and cyberbullying behavior among early adult students in Jambi. A quantitative approach with a correlational design was used, involving 127 students aged 18–25 years, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using an online questionnaire, which included an emotional regulation scale and a cyberbullying behavior scale. Data analysis was conducted using the Pearson Product Moment correlation test with SPSS software. The results showed a significant negative relationship between emotional regulation and cyberbullying behavior, with a correlation coefficient of r = -0.632 and a significance level of p < 0.001. This indicates that students with better emotional regulation skills are less likely to engage in cyberbullying. Thus, enhancing emotional regulation skills could be an effective strategy in preventing cyberbullying among students.

Patient-Centered Care (PCC) is a healthcare approach that places the patient at the center of every interaction and clinical decision-making. However, a preliminary study at Tarumajaya Hospital showed that 58% of healthcare workers had not yet optimally implemented the PCC approach. This study aimed to analyze the influence of self-efficacy and social support on the implementation of Patient-Centered Care, with safety culture as a mediating variable, at Tarumajaya Hospital. The research method used was quantitative analytic with a cross-sectional design. The study sample used a saturated sampling technique of 132 healthcare workers, consisting of doctors, nurses, and medical support staff. Data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results showed that self-efficacy and social support had a positive and significant effect on safety culture and PCC implementation. Safety culture also had a positive and significant effect on PCC implementation. Furthermore, safety culture was shown to mediate the influence of self-efficacy and social support on PCC implementation. The coefficient of determination value indicates that the model has strong ability to explain variations in PCC.

Background: TikTok usage among adolescents is increasing and has the potential to impact psychological aspects, particularly self-esteem. Adolescents, who are in the stage of developing their identity, are vulnerable to the influence of interactions and social comparisons on social media. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between TikTok usage behavior and self-esteem levels in students at SMA Negeri 2 Semarang. Method: This study employed a descriptive correlational research design with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of 424 students from grade 11 at SMA Negeri 2 Semarang. Sampling was conducted using the Simple Random Sampling technique, resulting in a total sample of 206 respondents, determined by the Slovin formula. Bivariate analysis was carried out using the Spearman Rank Correlation test. Result: The results of the Spearman Rank statistical test showed a correlation coefficient (r) of -0.412 with a significance value of 0.000. The negative correlation indicates an inverse relationship between TikTok usage behavior and students’ self-esteem levels, meaning that the higher the intensity of TikTok use, the lower the self-esteem of the students. The correlation coefficient of 0.412 falls within the category of a moderate relationship. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between TikTok usage behavior and self-esteem levels among high school students.