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This article aims to provide a comprehensive literature review on how professional ethics can serve as an effective strategy to prevent fund misuse within organizational financial management. Professional ethics is viewed as a set of moral values, behavioral norms, and professional standards that guide financial managers to perform their duties with honesty, responsibility, and without conflicts of interest. In the context of financial management, these duties include recording, budgeting, monitoring, and reporting financial activities, all of which require accuracy and transparency. The study highlights five main principles of professional ethics: integrity, objectivity, professional competence, confidentiality, and professional behavior. These principles clarify rules, strengthen accountability, and ensure that financial processes comply with established standards. The literature review shows that applying professional ethics not only encourages individuals to act correctly but also enhances responsibility, improves performance, and strengthens financial oversight. Integrity and objectivity play a crucial role in preventing report manipulation, budget inflation, and fund misuse, as these principles demand moral courage and fair decision-making. Professional competence ensures that every financial process is carried out accurately and in accordance with regulations, while confidentiality protects sensitive information from misuse. Professional behavior emphasizes adherence to laws, organizational policies, and professional standards. The article also identifies several supporting factors that enable the effective implementation of professional ethics, such as strong internal policies, leadership commitment to integrity, an ethical workplace culture, layered supervision systems, and continuous ethics training. Conversely, common challenges include weak internal controls, limited understanding of ethics, organizational pressure, conflicts of interest, and inconsistent application of ethical standards. Therefore, this article underscores that integrating professional ethics into organizational financial policies, procedures, and management systems is a key step in preventing fund misuse and strengthening stakeholder trust in the organization’s transparency and accountability.

Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a significant global health challenge, prompting the exploration of alternative antimicrobial agents. This study focuses on the synthesis and antibacterial potential of plant-based nanoparticles, specifically silver nanoparticles AgNPs, synthesized using neem leaf extract Azadirachta indica. The research aims to assess the effectiveness of these green-synthesized nanoparticles against Escherichia coli E. coli), a common pathogen responsible for numerous infections, including those resistant to conventional antibiotics. The synthesis of AgNPs was performed using neem leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent, following a green synthesis approach that is environmentally friendly and avoids harmful chemicals. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy TEM, and X-ray Diffraction XRD, ensuring the particles’ size, shape, and crystalline structure were in the desired range. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the agar diffusion method, comparing the inhibition zones formed by the nanoparticles with those of traditional antibiotics. The findings revealed that the silver nanoparticles displayed significant antibacterial activity against E. coli, with inhibition zones comparable to conventional antibiotics, indicating their potential as an effective alternative in combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Moreover, these nanoparticles exhibited high stability and biocompatibility, making them a promising candidate for further biomedical applications. The results suggest that neem-based AgNPs could serve as an eco-friendly solution for addressing antibiotic resistance. Future research is recommended to explore the broad-spectrum activity of these nanoparticles against other bacterial pathogens and to assess their safety and efficacy in clinical settings.

Burns are one of the global health problems that still cause high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in countries with limited resources. Burn management is currently undergoing rapid development through a multidisciplinary approach that includes early resuscitation, local wound care, infection control, pain management, nutritional support, and long-term rehabilitation. This study uses the literature review method by examining articles from international databases for the period 2020–2025 to obtain the latest information on burn management updates. The results of the analysis showed that innovative therapies such as the use of stem cells, biomaterials (e.g. fish skin graft), as well as nanomedicine technology with silver nanoparticles have been proven to accelerate tissue healing and reduce complications. In addition, classic approaches such as early debridement, modern dressing selection, and enteral nutrition remain the primary basis in clinical treatment. Psychosocial and physical rehabilitation aspects are also increasingly considered because they have a significant effect on the quality of life of patients. Although various therapeutic innovations have shown promising results, translation to clinical practice still faces barriers in the form of cost, regulation, and limited facilities. Therefore, updates on burn management are needed to ensure more effective, efficient, and equitable management in modern medical practice.

The silver craft center in Sukawati District, Gianyar Regency, Bali faces significant challenges related to product marketing in the digital era. A heavy reliance on offline sales through exhibitions and tourists has resulted in slim profit margins for artisans, making their economic conditions highly vulnerable to fluctuations in visitor numbers. Additionally, silver artisans face difficulties in managing digital marketing, including limitations in writing attractive product descriptions, lack of understanding of product photography, and insufficient skills in managing social media and online stores. This situation adversely affects market reach, especially for international consumers who cannot access these products directly. To address these issues, the Japanese Literature Study Program at Mahasaraswati University Denpasar collaborated with Shitennoji University, Osaka, to conduct a community service program focused on mentoring digital marketing for silver craft products targeting the Japanese market, particularly with Yanyan Silver, one of the cooperative partners. The community service activities lasted for two months, beginning with observation and situation analysis on June 14, 2025, and concluding with evaluation at the end of August 2025. The Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach enabled active participation from artisans in every stage of the activity, from problem identification, planning, implementation, to evaluation. This approach ensures that the solutions produced are tailored to local needs and context. The marketing strategy employed used an integrated marketing mix covering product, price, promotion, and distribution through digital platforms. This facilitated easier customer access in Japan and enhanced Yanyan Silver’s brand awareness. These efforts positively impacted expanding market reach, improving the economic stability of artisans, and strengthening the competitiveness of silver craft products internationally, especially in the Japanese market.

During storage and before consumption, grains often experience a decline in quality, nutritional content, and cleanliness due to pest attacks. Botanical insecticides are considered an alternative method to reduce dependence on harmful chemical pesticides. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of three concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from the leaves of Cymbopogon citratus against Cadra cautella (Walk.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and their potential as biological control agents. The selection of C. cautella as the test organism was based on the limited number of studies examining this pest. The AgNPs used were synthesized through an eco-friendly method, and their optical and physical properties were analyzed using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that AgNPs synthesized from C. citratus extract showed high effectiveness in controlling the eggs and second instar larvae of C. cautella. Egg mortality reached 80.3% at a concentration of 40 μg/ml after 24 hours of exposure, followed by 72.9% at 30 μg/ml, and 65.8% at 20 μg/ml. In contrast, the control group showed no egg mortality. Similarly, larval mortality rates were 74.9%, 65.8%, and 60.2% for concentrations of 40 μg/ml, 30 μg/ml, and 20 μg/ml, respectively. These findings indicate that higher concentrations of AgNPs lead to greater mortality in both eggs and larvae. This study highlights the potential of green-synthesized AgNPs from C. citratus leaves as an effective and eco-friendly biopesticide. Their significant impact on egg and larval mortality suggests that they can be developed as an alternative pest control strategy in stored grains, thereby reducing reliance on conventional chemical pesticides that are detrimental to human health and the environment. Further research is recommended to explore their long-term efficacy, safety, and integration into sustainable grain storage management.

This study aims to examine the influence of market orientation on the performance of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) with product innovation as a mediating variable, focusing on silver craft MSMEs in Sukawati District. The study was conducted on 102 silver craft MSMEs operating in the region. The sample was selected using simple random sampling, resulting in 82 respondents. Data analysis techniques employed in this study include descriptive statistics and inferential statistics through path analysis, classical assumption tests, the Sobel test, and the Variance Accounted For (VAF) test. The results indicate that market orientation has a positive and significant effect on MSME performance, market orientation positively and significantly influences product innovation, product innovation positively and significantly affects MSME performance, and product innovation mediates the effect of market orientation on MSME performance.

Burn injuries are complex tissue damage often accompanied by serious complications such as infection, systemic inflammation, and organ dysfunction. Effective burn management requires a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach, including infection control, local wound care, nutritional support, and regenerative therapy. Along with advances in science and technology, various novel treatment modalities have been developed to accelerate healing, reduce scarring, and improve patients’ quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and clinical prospects of the latest burn treatment modalities through a review of relevant literature from 2021 to 2025. This research employed a descriptive qualitative literature review method, analyzing 10 relevant scientific articles obtained from academic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The reviewed modalities include stem cell therapy, Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP), silver nanoparticles, nanofiber and hydrogel-based dressings, natural extracts such as aloe vera and binahong, as well as advanced technologies like smart dressings and low-level laser therapy. The results indicate that regenerative and smart technology-based approaches significantly enhance epithelialization, reduce infection, and improve tissue repair. Natural therapies also show promising potential as safe, affordable, and effective treatment alternatives. In conclusion, the integration of biological therapy, phytotherapy, and modern technology represents a promising direction in contemporary burn care. Further large-scale clinical research is needed to confirm the long-term safety and effectiveness of each modality.

This study aims to describe the social criticism of the short story "Ama Tobi di Antara Konten Batas Kampung Serumpun" by Silvester Petara Hurit. This study uses a qualitative method with data analysis using a sociology of literature approach. The results of the study indicate that there is social criticism of the short story "Ama Tobi di Antara Konten Batas Kampung Serumpun" by Silvester Petara Hurit, namely 1) Criticism of social relations. The social relations that are expected to live, grow and develop in the village of Lewolema, have now changed into a conflict that eliminates the values ​​of family, brotherhood, solidarity, cooperation between residents, 2) Criticism of identity starting from the change of the name of the village, can be considered as an effort to eliminate the cultural and historical identity of the community. In addition, the influence of colonialism, where the arrival of European missionaries and traders has brought changes in the value and belief system. The role of schools established by religious foundations has brought changes in the community's education system, and 3) Criticism of power is a struggle between traditional values ​​and modernity. Indigenous peoples have strong values ​​and traditions, but they also feel that they must adapt to the changing times and the presence of the government and religious foundation

Nanotechnology is the science of present and future, it has different physical, chemical, biological preparation methods, it has many applications in green chemistry, agriculture, industry, electronics, environmental pollution. Gold, silver, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles are among most important particles that have many advantages and uses.

This study examines the contribution of the thoughts of three important figures in modern Islamic economics, namely Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr, Ibrahim Umar Vadillo, and M. Umer Chapra. Using a qualitative approach through literature study, this research critically analyzes their works and ideas. The results of the study show that the three of them built three main pillars of the contemporary Islamic economic paradigm. The first pillar is normative-ethical which is asserted by al-Sadr, emphasizing the value of justice and ethics. The second pillar is the structural-monetary of Vadillo, who proposes a gold dinar and silver dirham-based monetary system for economic stability. The third pillar is Chapra's maqashid-policy, which emphasizes the application of sharia's maqashid principles to realize social welfare and economic justice. These three pillars complement each other in forming the foundation of an integral, applicable and relevant Islamic economy to face global challenges. This research makes an important contribution in formulating an adaptive and sharia-based Islamic economic framework.

This study aims to analyze the effect of transactional leadership and workload on turnover intention, with work engagement as a mediating variable among part-time workers in the coffeeshop industry in Pontianak City. Transactional leadership, which emphasizes a system of rewards and   punishments, along with high workload, is presumed to influence employees’ emotional attachment to their jobs and subsequently affect their intention to leave. This research adopts a quantitative approach using the PLS-SEM method through SmartPLS 4.0 software, with data collected via a Likert-scale questionnaire. A total of 200 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. The results indicate that transactional leadership has a significant negative effect on turnover intention and a significant positive effect on work engagement. Workload has a significant positive effect on both work engagement and turnover intention. Furthermore, work engagement has a significant negative effect on turnover intention and is proven to mediate the effects of transactional leadership and workload on turnover intention. These findings highlight the critical role of work engagement in reducing employees' desire to leave, even when faced with high workloads and a transactional leadership style.

This research explores the impact of consumer satisfaction on brand building within the rural health industry in Sichuan, focusing specifically on the elderly population in the context of the silver economy. It identifies key factors influencing consumer satisfaction, including quality of service, customer support, and community engagement. The study highlights how high-quality healthcare tailored to the needs of older adults fosters trust and loyalty, while adequate customer support enhances the overall experience by addressing specific concerns. Furthermore, community engagement creates a sense of belonging, increasing health service satisfaction. The findings suggest that healthcare providers can strengthen their brand by prioritizing these elements, leading to better health outcomes and increased consumer loyalty among 375 local Sichuan senior citizens

This study examines the application of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) in chemistry learning at SMAN 1 Sreseh, with a focus on increasing motivation and understanding of concepts among students, especially Children with Special Needs (ABK: Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus). PjBL was chosen as an approach that can increase student engagement through the exploration of projects relevant to everyday life, allowing students to better understand abstract chemical concepts. The results showed that the application of PjBL could increase students' intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, with regular students experiencing a more significant improvement. Although ABK students show lower improvements, they also gain significant benefits in terms of understanding of chemistry concepts and active involvement in projects. This study confirms that PjBL is an effective learning method to increase motivation and understanding of concepts, especially for ABK students, in the context of inclusive education.  

30 detik (dosis 991,67 J/m2) atau 50 detik (dosis 1652,79 J/m2) terhadap kerusakan materi genetik. 10 atau 15 menit setelah pembuahan pada suhu 40°C selama 90 detik dengan kejutan panas 90 detik untuk menentukan efisiensi diploidisasi telur sirip perak yang dinilai berdasarkan morfologi atau penampilan larva yang abnormal (atau haploid). silverwood untuk mendapatkan nilai androgen diploid yang ditentukan menggunakan larva morfologi normal (atau diploid) yang mirip dengan kontrol positif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang sangat nyata pada rata-rata kesuburan perlakuan.

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease caused by problems in the body in producing insulin, insulin produced is lacking or nonexistent, or it can be due to the insulin receptor not functioning so that cells cannot receive glucose for metabolism (Black, M. J. & Hawks, 2014; Pranata, S & Khasanah, 2017). Diabetic wounds are caused by infection as a result of high blood glucose, thereby increasing bacterial proliferation, and added to the deficiency of the immune system which causes the wound inflammation period to last a long time. In addition, inappropriate treatment of diabetic wounds (ulcers) can worsen the condition of the wound (Ekaputra, 2013). Therefore, proper and optimal wound care is needed. The wound care method that is currently developing is moist wound healing, which is more effective than conventional methods because it is easy to install, can adjust to the shape of the wound, easy to remove, comfortable to wear, does not need to change dressings frequently, absorbs drainage, presses and immobilizes wounds, prevents new wounds from mechanical injury, prevents infection, improves hemostasis by pressing the dressing. Wound care procedures through Debridement and dressing. Wound debridement can accelerate healing by removing necrotic tissue, particulates, or foreign material, and reducing the bacterial load. The conventional method is to use a scalpel and cut away all unwanted tissue including callus and eschar. Saline-moistened (wet-to-dry) gauze dressings; moisture-retaining dressings (hydrogels, hydrocolloids, hydrofibers, transparent films and alginates) that provide physical and autolytic debridement respectively; and antiseptic dressings (silver dressings, cadexomer). Newer advanced dressings are being studied, such as Vulnamin gel made from amino acids and hyaluronic acid used in conjunction with elastic compression have shown positive results.

Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is a high-value horticultural commodity, but its productivity is often hampered by factors such as soil conditions, climate, pests and disease. The use of plastic mulch, especially the black-silver type, can increase chili yields by 25–40% through weed control, maintaining soil temperature, and reducing evaporation. Although initial costs are relatively high, significant yield increases can offset those costs. However, the resulting plastic waste is an environmental problem, so biodegradable mulch can be a more environmentally friendly alternative. This research uses a literature review method to collect and evaluate information from various relevant sources regarding the application of plastic mulch in increasing chili productivity. With proper management, plastic mulch can support increased chili yields and agricultural sustainability.

The studies of J. Lave and L. Silverman, which, with the help of the proximity technique,demonstrated that only through a closeness between time and space can relevant results be obtained toachieve a superior performance under the given conditions of the current health system, in our opinion,outlines the idea that the application of the Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TD-ABC) method is themost suitable solution. The complexity of TD-ABC operations is found in the time equations needed todetermine the resources consumed by each activity. Using these equations, it is easy to update the modelby adding an additional activity. This simplification would allow the multiplication of the activities to betreated without presenting difficulties in the distribution of resources. In fact, what we have here isclearly an "autonomous method of equivalence" that uses working time as a unit of equivalence. Themain objective of our concerns is to identify the determinants of the time required to start, perform andcomplete medical procedures in an ambulatory clinic organized in 15 medical offices. As a reaction to thecriticisms of some authors regarding the difficulty of measuring time for establishing the time drivers ofthe TD-ABC method, in the scientific approach carried out we tried to model the activity times with thehelp of the multiple regression model. We believe that the values ​​estimated and obtained with the help ofthe Automatic Linear Modeling factor analysis model eliminate the imperfection of the TD-ABC methodhighlighted by the authors S. Hoozée et al (2009) regarding subjectivity and instability in themeasurement of activity times.