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Early marriage is a social phenomenon that remains prevalent in Indonesia and gives rise to various problems in family life. This article aims to analyze the implications of early marriage in light of the Code of Canon Law (CCL) Nos. 1055 and 1056 in the context of Catholic couples. This study employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach through a literature review of books, scientific journals, and Church documents. The findings indicate that the CIC affirms marriage as a sacred covenant between a man and a woman oriented toward the bonum coniugum (the good of the couple), openness to children, and characterized by unity and indissolubility. In the context of early marriage, various implications were identified, such as emotional immaturity that triggers domestic conflicts, a high risk of divorce, low levels of education, and impacts on the health of mothers and children. Additionally, early marriage also indicates a weak understanding of the sacramental dimension and family responsibilities, including childrearing. Thus, CIC Nos. 1055 and 1056 provide an important normative foundation that marriage requires human, spiritual, and social maturity for the realization of a wholesome and prosperous Catholic family.

Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a significant global health challenge, prompting the exploration of alternative antimicrobial agents. This study focuses on the synthesis and antibacterial potential of plant-based nanoparticles, specifically silver nanoparticles AgNPs, synthesized using neem leaf extract Azadirachta indica. The research aims to assess the effectiveness of these green-synthesized nanoparticles against Escherichia coli E. coli), a common pathogen responsible for numerous infections, including those resistant to conventional antibiotics. The synthesis of AgNPs was performed using neem leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent, following a green synthesis approach that is environmentally friendly and avoids harmful chemicals. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy TEM, and X-ray Diffraction XRD, ensuring the particles’ size, shape, and crystalline structure were in the desired range. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the agar diffusion method, comparing the inhibition zones formed by the nanoparticles with those of traditional antibiotics. The findings revealed that the silver nanoparticles displayed significant antibacterial activity against E. coli, with inhibition zones comparable to conventional antibiotics, indicating their potential as an effective alternative in combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Moreover, these nanoparticles exhibited high stability and biocompatibility, making them a promising candidate for further biomedical applications. The results suggest that neem-based AgNPs could serve as an eco-friendly solution for addressing antibiotic resistance. Future research is recommended to explore the broad-spectrum activity of these nanoparticles against other bacterial pathogens and to assess their safety and efficacy in clinical settings.

The silver craft center in Sukawati District, Gianyar Regency, Bali faces significant challenges related to product marketing in the digital era. A heavy reliance on offline sales through exhibitions and tourists has resulted in slim profit margins for artisans, making their economic conditions highly vulnerable to fluctuations in visitor numbers. Additionally, silver artisans face difficulties in managing digital marketing, including limitations in writing attractive product descriptions, lack of understanding of product photography, and insufficient skills in managing social media and online stores. This situation adversely affects market reach, especially for international consumers who cannot access these products directly. To address these issues, the Japanese Literature Study Program at Mahasaraswati University Denpasar collaborated with Shitennoji University, Osaka, to conduct a community service program focused on mentoring digital marketing for silver craft products targeting the Japanese market, particularly with Yanyan Silver, one of the cooperative partners. The community service activities lasted for two months, beginning with observation and situation analysis on June 14, 2025, and concluding with evaluation at the end of August 2025. The Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach enabled active participation from artisans in every stage of the activity, from problem identification, planning, implementation, to evaluation. This approach ensures that the solutions produced are tailored to local needs and context. The marketing strategy employed used an integrated marketing mix covering product, price, promotion, and distribution through digital platforms. This facilitated easier customer access in Japan and enhanced Yanyan Silver’s brand awareness. These efforts positively impacted expanding market reach, improving the economic stability of artisans, and strengthening the competitiveness of silver craft products internationally, especially in the Japanese market.

This study examines the contribution of the thoughts of three important figures in modern Islamic economics, namely Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr, Ibrahim Umar Vadillo, and M. Umer Chapra. Using a qualitative approach through literature study, this research critically analyzes their works and ideas. The results of the study show that the three of them built three main pillars of the contemporary Islamic economic paradigm. The first pillar is normative-ethical which is asserted by al-Sadr, emphasizing the value of justice and ethics. The second pillar is the structural-monetary of Vadillo, who proposes a gold dinar and silver dirham-based monetary system for economic stability. The third pillar is Chapra's maqashid-policy, which emphasizes the application of sharia's maqashid principles to realize social welfare and economic justice. These three pillars complement each other in forming the foundation of an integral, applicable and relevant Islamic economy to face global challenges. This research makes an important contribution in formulating an adaptive and sharia-based Islamic economic framework.

This research explores the impact of consumer satisfaction on brand building within the rural health industry in Sichuan, focusing specifically on the elderly population in the context of the silver economy. It identifies key factors influencing consumer satisfaction, including quality of service, customer support, and community engagement. The study highlights how high-quality healthcare tailored to the needs of older adults fosters trust and loyalty, while adequate customer support enhances the overall experience by addressing specific concerns. Furthermore, community engagement creates a sense of belonging, increasing health service satisfaction. The findings suggest that healthcare providers can strengthen their brand by prioritizing these elements, leading to better health outcomes and increased consumer loyalty among 375 local Sichuan senior citizens

A retail company is a company that sells goods or services directly to the end consumer. The success of a retail company is highly dependent on employee satisfaction which if employee satisfaction is met, work productivity will be effective so that it can encourage the company to achieve its goals. However, if employee satisfaction is not met, it will cause poor productivity so that it can have an impact on the company's achievements. This study aims to analyze and determine the influence of career development and work environment on employee job satisfaction at PT Silverindo Djaya Lestari. The study used a statistical quantitative method with a sample of 43 employees. The independent variables in this study are career development and work environment, while the dependent variable is employee job satisfaction. The results of this study show that partially career development has a positive and significant effect on employee job satisfaction with a tcal value of 4,575 t table 2,021 and a sig value of 0.000<0.05, and the work environment also has a positive and significant effect on employee job satisfaction with a tcal value of 2,343>t table 2,021 and a sig value of 0.024<0.05. And simultaneously career development and work environment have a positive and significant effect on employee job satisfaction with a fcal value of 31,783>f table 4,085 and a sig value of 0.000<0.05.

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease caused by problems in the body in producing insulin, insulin produced is lacking or nonexistent, or it can be due to the insulin receptor not functioning so that cells cannot receive glucose for metabolism (Black, M. J. & Hawks, 2014; Pranata, S & Khasanah, 2017). Diabetic wounds are caused by infection as a result of high blood glucose, thereby increasing bacterial proliferation, and added to the deficiency of the immune system which causes the wound inflammation period to last a long time. In addition, inappropriate treatment of diabetic wounds (ulcers) can worsen the condition of the wound (Ekaputra, 2013). Therefore, proper and optimal wound care is needed. The wound care method that is currently developing is moist wound healing, which is more effective than conventional methods because it is easy to install, can adjust to the shape of the wound, easy to remove, comfortable to wear, does not need to change dressings frequently, absorbs drainage, presses and immobilizes wounds, prevents new wounds from mechanical injury, prevents infection, improves hemostasis by pressing the dressing. Wound care procedures through Debridement and dressing. Wound debridement can accelerate healing by removing necrotic tissue, particulates, or foreign material, and reducing the bacterial load. The conventional method is to use a scalpel and cut away all unwanted tissue including callus and eschar. Saline-moistened (wet-to-dry) gauze dressings; moisture-retaining dressings (hydrogels, hydrocolloids, hydrofibers, transparent films and alginates) that provide physical and autolytic debridement respectively; and antiseptic dressings (silver dressings, cadexomer). Newer advanced dressings are being studied, such as Vulnamin gel made from amino acids and hyaluronic acid used in conjunction with elastic compression have shown positive results.

Celuk Village in Gianyar is known as the centre of silver craft with high artistic value, yet local artisans face significant challenges in maintaining sales amidst changing consumption patterns and global competition. This research aims to identify the key constraints faced by Celuk Village's silversmiths, such as limited access to digital marketing technology, lack of product innovation, and lack of understanding of modern business strategies. In addition, local constraints such as reliance on traditional marketing methods and limited training narrow the opportunities for artisans to compete in the global market.The results of the study suggest that the utilisation of digital technology, product design innovation, and improved business management skills can be strategic solutions to expand market reach and improve the competitiveness of Celuk Village's silver crafts. Support in the form of training and facilitating access to e-commerce platforms is also needed to introduce their products to modern consumers without abandoning cultural identity. The findings are expected to contribute to a sustainable silversmith empowerment programme, while supporting the preservation of local cultural heritage in the digital era.

Motorbikes produce exhaust gases that are dangerous for humans over the long term. Motorcycle exhaust gas is produced from incomplete combustion in the combustion chamber. The aim of this research is to anticipate the effects of exhaust gas produced by varying the thermal conductivity of the spark plug electrode and adding a percentage of octane booster to the fuel. This research uses quantitative concepts with experimental methods. Process the data using Microsoft Excel. This research was carried out at idle engine speed. The results show that emissions of CO have decreased significantly. The lowest CO emissions were obtained from a silver spark plug alloy and a 6% octane booster mixture, with a value of 2.09%. HC shows that the exhaust gas emission value has decreased very significantly. The results of HC exhaust gas emissions decreased by 671.66 ppm from the highest, 1121.33 ppm with a standard spark plug alloy and 0% octane booster mixture, to 449.67 ppm with a silver spark plug alloy and 7% octane booster mixture. Meanwhile, CO₂ exhaust emissions have increased. The highest value of CO₂ exhaust emissions are 3.77% with a mixture of silver spark plugs and a mixture of 7% octane booster.

The purpose of this study is to find out: (1) Development of children's creativity at PAUD Pelita Harapan Pasar Latong, (2) the influence of finger painting games on the development of children's creativity at PAUD Pelita Harapan Pasar Latong. This research uses a quantitative approach with an experimental research type. The research design used a one-group pretest-posttest type pre-experiment . The instruments used consisted of observation and documentation. The data analysis technique used descriptive statistics and conducted a requirement test, namely normality test and homogeneity test. Hypothesis testing using the "t" test. The results showed that: (1) The development of children's creativity at PAUD Pelita Harapan Pasar Latong has developed well, this can be seen from the results of observations of the development of children's creativity during the pretest and during the posttest. The pretest results obtained an average of 13,4 on the posttest obtained an average of 26,9. (2) The results of the "t" test calculation obtainedtcount = 13,76 when compared with the ttable at the 95% confidence level or 5% error rate with free degrees (db) = N - k = 20 - 2 = 18 obtained ttable 2,10. If the price of tcount= 13,76 is compared with ttable = 2,10, it is known that tcount is greater than ttable, (13,76> 2,10). This means that the proposed hypothesis is accepted. That is, there is an influence between finger painting games on the development of children's creativity at PAUD Pelita Harapan Pasar Latong.