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The ICU is one of the largest clinical cost centers in hospitals due to its high demand for human resources, medical equipment, and operational costs. This situation emphasizes that intensive care unit efficiency is a multidimensional issue that cannot be assessed solely from a single aspect. This study aims to analyze the efficiency of the intensive care unit at Ciremai Hospital, Cirebon City, using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to determine resource optimization. Analytical quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study consisted of personnel in the ICU of Ciremai Hospital from 2023 to 2025, with total sampling applied. The input variables included the number of physicians, nurses, beds, monitors, and ventilators, while the output variables consisted of BOR, LOS, and recovered patients. The ICU input variables remained stable during the study period, while output variables fluctuated with a declining trend in BOR and LOS. The results of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) indicated that all study periods achieved an efficiency score of 1.00 (efficient), with a slack value of 0.00 across all input variables.

The agricultural sector is a vital pillar in maintaining food security and enhancing the livelihoods of rural communities. In an effort to improve agricultural productivity, the Government of Lamongan Regency, through the Food Security and Agriculture Agency (DKPP), has implemented the Agricultural Facilities and Infrastructure Provision and Development Program. This program is designed to strengthen agricultural production capacity by supporting the availability of farming machinery, improving irrigation networks, and developing farm access roads. Despite its strategic importance, the program’s implementation continues to encounter various obstacles, including constrained budget availability, unequal distribution of agricultural facilities, reliance on rain-fed irrigation systems, substandard farm road infrastructure, and limited intensity of agricultural extension services. This research aims to examine the implementation of the Agricultural Facilities and Infrastructure Provision and Development Program in Sukodadi Village, Sukodadi District, Lamongan Regency. The study adopts a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing data collected through in-depth interviews, direct field observations, and document review. Analysis is conducted using the Van Meter and Van Horn policy implementation framework, which emphasizes six key variables: policy standards and objectives, resource adequacy, characteristics of implementing organizations, inter-organizational communication, implementer disposition, and social, economic, and political conditions. The results reveal that although policy standards and objectives are well defined, program execution remains suboptimal due to limited resources and insufficient institutional support at the operational level. Consequently, stronger coordination among implementing actors and improved resource optimization are necessary to achieve more effective and sustainable agricultural development outcomes.  

This study aims to analyze the implementation of business networks in improving operational efficiency in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in the outdoor equipment sector. Increasing public interest in outdoor activities has intensified competition among SMEs, requiring them to develop effective collaboration strategies to maintain operational sustainability. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach with a single case study design conducted at Misala Gear Outdoor, an SME engaged in outdoor equipment rental and sales in Ciwidey, Bandung Regency. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation, and analyzed using descriptive qualitative techniques. The results indicate that the implementation of business networks involving supplier partnerships, outdoor communities, tourism agents, and digital platforms contributes significantly to improving operational efficiency, particularly in inventory management, service delivery, and market reach. Moreover, business networks enable cost control, resource optimization, and service differentiation, which strengthen the enterprise’s competitive position. This study highlights the strategic role of business networks as an operational efficiency driver for SMEs in the outdoor industry and provides practical implications for SME managers in developing collaborative business strategies.

Optimizing human resource (HR) performance through a business process reengineering (BPR) approach is a crucial strategy in a competitive and dynamic industrial environment. This study qualitatively examines through a literature review how BPRs radically redesign business processes to improve productivity, quality, time efficiency, and reduce operational costs, with a focus on HR aspects such as recruitment, training, performance appraisal, and career development. The BPR theory by Michael Hammer and James Champy emphasizes the principles of results-based workflow reorganization, the integration of information technology such as ERP and AI, and the empowerment of HR to eliminate task redundancy. In the Indonesian industrial context, the integration of BPR with digital transformation supports Industry 4.0, where HR acts as a catalyst for innovation through adaptive skills and cross-functional collaboration. The study results show that BPR implementation strategies including as-is process analysis, to-be design, change management, and continuous evaluation increase employee motivation, retention, and sustainable competitive advantage. Case studies such as PT Telkom Indonesia and PT Cahaya Mega Group demonstrate efficiency increases of up to 100%. This approach not only streamlines operations but also builds an organization resilient to market and technological disruption.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems have become the operational backbone of many modern companies, not only as a data integration tool but also as a crucial pillar in management control systems (MCS). This study aims to comprehensively analyze the impact of ERP implementation on operational efficiency and corporate accountability. Using a qualitative approach through literature study and case review, this study explores how ERP facilitates real-time and integrated information flow, which in turn improves managerial decision-making capabilities, resource optimization, and increased transparency and accountability at various levels of the organization. The results show that ERP contributes significantly to increased efficiency through process standardization and reduced redundancy, and strengthens accountability by providing clear audit trails and reliable data. However, the success of the implementation is highly dependent on factors such as top management support, adequate employee training, and alignment with business strategy.  

This paper explores the application of quantum-inspired optimization algorithms in the training of large-scale Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) within distributed cloud-edge environments. GNNs have gained significant attention due to their ability to model complex relationships in graph-structured data, yet their training presents challenges such as high computational demand, inefficient resource allocation, and slow convergence, especially for large datasets. Traditional meta-heuristic algorithms, while useful, often face scalability and performance issues when applied to such large-scale tasks. To address these challenges, we propose a quantum-inspired meta-heuristic algorithm that leverages quantum principles, such as superposition and entanglement, to enhance optimization processes. The algorithm was integrated into a hybrid cloud-edge system, where computational tasks are dynamically distributed between edge nodes and the cloud, optimizing resource utilization and reducing latency. Our experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in training speed, resource efficiency, and convergence rate when compared to traditional optimization methods such as Genetic Algorithms and Simulated Annealing. The quantum-inspired algorithm not only accelerates the training process but also reduces memory usage, making it well-suited for large-scale GNN applications. Furthermore, the system's scalability was enhanced by the hybrid cloud-edge architecture, which balances computational load and enables real-time data processing. The findings suggest that quantum-inspired optimization algorithms can significantly improve the training of GNNs in distributed systems, opening new avenues for real-time applications in areas such as social network analysis, anomaly detection, and recommendation systems. Future work will focus on refining these algorithms to handle even larger datasets and more complex GNN architectures, with potential integration into edge devices for enhanced real-time decision-making.

The port is a vital infrastructure in the global logistics chain that connects sea and land transportation. The efficiency of cargo loading and unloading operations at the port is a critical factor influencing the smooth flow of goods and overall logistics costs. In this context, the use of Business Intelligence (BI) as an integrated technological system to support data collection, analysis, and presentation is becoming increasingly important for optimizing data-driven decision-making in port environments. XYZ Port, as one of the strategic ports in Indonesia, faces challenges in managing complex loading and unloading operations with increasing cargo volumes. The implementation of a BI dashboard offers a solution to visualize operational data in real-time, identify bottlenecks, and optimize resource allocation. This study aims to implement a BI dashboard for cargo handling operations at XYZ Port. The specific objectives include identifying information needs in cargo handling operations and developing a BI dashboard that suits the characteristics of port operations. The findings indicate that the dashboard effectively supports real-time decision-making and enhances operational efficiency. The study also highlights the importance of addressing technological infrastructure, human resource readiness, and system integration challenges in BI implementation.

The function of Prosecutorial Intelligence (Intel Kejaksaan) holds a crucial strategic role, not only in supporting prosecution duties but also in crime prevention, safeguarding national development, and recovering state assets. Despite having a strong legal basis and a broad mandate, this function often faces operational challenges, data integration issues, and resource optimization constraints that limit its effectiveness within the dynamic law enforcement ecosystem. This research aims to deeply analyze the role and challenges of Prosecutorial Intelligence and formulate a model for optimizing its function to enhance the effectiveness of law enforcement in Indonesia. The research methodology employed is normative and sociological juridical with a qualitative approach, gathering data through literature review, regulatory study, and in-depth interviews with practitioners and academics. The findings indicate that the optimization of the Prosecutorial Intelligence function requires three main pillars: (1) Enhancing the capacity and professionalism of human resources (HR) through modern intelligence training and digital forensics. (2) Integrating and ensuring interoperability of the intelligence information system with other law enforcement agencies (Police, KPK, PPATK) to build a comprehensive intelligence big data. (3) Expanding the spectrum of intelligence operations, shifting from a traditional focus on corruption crimes to transnational crimes, cybercrime, and securing strategic national investments. This optimization is expected to transform Prosecutorial Intelligence into a proactive, data-oriented strategic early warning system capable of supporting Prosecutors in making evidence-based decisions, thus achieving effective, just, and impactful law enforcement for the community.

The improvement of education quality has become a major challenge in modern education, where elementary schools are required to continuously adapt to the developmental needs of students and societal demands. This study aims to describe and analyze the management strategies for improving education quality at SD Negeri 64 Prabumulih, as well as to identify the supporting factors and obstacles influencing its implementation. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach, employing data collection techniques such as in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis. The results indicate that the management strategies implemented at SD Negeri 64 Prabumulih include participatory planning, teacher capacity building, resource optimization, and continuous evaluation. The main supporting factors for success are visionary school leadership, teacher commitment, and community support, while the challenges faced include limited infrastructure, a high administrative workload for teachers, and uneven parental involvement. This study provides an important contribution to enriching the understanding of the implementation of quality management in elementary schools with limited resources.

Optimizing human resources (HR) in digital marketing through the synergy between creativity and technology is an important strategy to create effective and innovative marketing campaigns in the digital era. Creativity plays a crucial role in producing engaging and relevant content, which is able to build an emotional connection with consumers as well as strengthen the brand identity. Meanwhile, technology allows for personalization, data-driven analysis, and efficiency in the implementation of marketing strategies. This study examines how the combination of human resource creativity and the use of digital technology can create a competitive advantage for companies. The results of the study show that companies that successfully integrate these two elements can increase consumer engagement, customer loyalty, as well as the effectiveness of marketing campaigns. From a conceptual perspective, this approach is changing the way companies view innovation and cross-functional collaboration within organizations, which in turn improves responsiveness and adaptability to market changes. The practical implications of this research are the importance of investing in the development of creative and skilled human resources in technology, to create a sustainable digital marketing strategy and be able to compete in an increasingly competitive global market.

Digitalization has become a transformative force reshaping how organizations innovate and sustain competitive advantages in an interconnected global economy. This study explores the intricate relationship between business digitalization, innovation capabilities, and sustainability outcomes. Employing a comprehensive literature review, it examines how digital transformation fosters innovative practices and supports sustainable business models. Key findings reveal that integrating digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence, IoT, and blockchain, significantly enhances innovation capacity by accelerating product development cycles, improving decision-making precision, and fostering collaborative innovation ecosystems. Moreover, digitalization optimizes resource utilization, minimizes environmental impact, and strengthens stakeholder engagement, contributing to measurable economic, environmental, and social sustainability outcomes. The synergy between digital transformation and sustainability initiatives provides organizations with strategic advantages, including improved operational efficiency, customer loyalty, and competitive positioning. However, challenges such as implementation barriers, balancing digital-sustainable priorities, and managing unintended environmental impacts persist. Future research should focus on empirical validation, industry-specific applications, and longitudinal studies to further elucidate the pathways through which digitalization supports sustainable innovation and long-term business resilience. This study underscores the imperative for organizations to strategically align digital transformation with sustainability objectives, ensuring their future success in a rapidly evolving business environment.

Structured and efficient inventory management is very important for cooperatives, which have special operational and logistical needs. This study aims to develop a web-based inventory system and also develop it into a mobile application that is able to support real-time stock and asset management, using Javascript, PHP, HTML, CSS, and implemented on the XAMPP platform with phpMyAdmin support. This system is designed to record and monitor goods accurately, optimize the flow of goods in and out, and provide automatic inventory reports. The waterfall approach is applied in the development of this system, starting from needs analysis, design, implementation, to testing. The results of the study show that this system has succeeded in increasing the accuracy of recording goods, accelerating the decision-making process through data-based reports, and reducing manual errors that often occur in inventory management. This system not only supports operational transparency, but also helps a cooperative in achieving logistical efficiency and resource optimization.

The advent of 5G technology has marked a significant shift in the telecommunications industry, offering transformative improvements in service speed, latency, and network reliability. This study explores the impact of 5G on operational efficiency and service innovation in telecom companies. By examining the operational performance of three leading telecom companies that have implemented 5G networks, the research identifies key improvements in speed, cost reduction, and resource optimization. The findings highlight that 5G has enabled companies to achieve up to 100 times faster data transfer speeds compared to previous generations, drastically reducing latency and enhancing network reliability. These improvements contribute to increased customer satisfaction, faster response times, and reduced operational costs. Additionally, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) for network management has optimized resource allocation and further enhanced the efficiency of telecom operations. The research also demonstrates how 5G has driven innovation in service offerings, such as enabling smart cities, IoT integrations, autonomous vehicles, and real-time patient monitoring in healthcare. While the deployment of 5G offers numerous benefits, the study acknowledges challenges such as high infrastructure costs, digital inequality, and regulatory hurdles. Telecom companies must invest significantly in infrastructure and navigate complex regulatory environments to fully realize the potential of 5G. The study concludes that 5G technology has the potential to reshape the telecom sector, fostering greater competitiveness, service quality, and innovation. Future research should focus on the long-term impact of 5G on customer loyalty, its expanded applications, and its role in advancing future technologies such as 6G.

This research explores how leadership practices contribute to the resilience of small businesses during crises. Through case studies of SMEs (small and medium enterprises) affected by economic downturns and disruptions, the study highlights strategies such as resource optimization, strategic partnerships, and effective communication. Findings reveal that proactive leadership ensures business continuity and recovery.

This study investigates sustainable Islamic business models through a qualitative case study of green-tech startups in Central Java, Indonesia. Using semi-structured interviews with founders, managers, and employees, complemented by secondary data from business reports and sustainability disclosures, the research examines how Islamic ethical principles, including stewardship (khalifah), social welfare (maslahah), and justice (adl), are integrated into operational practices and sustainability strategies. The purposive selection of 3–5 startups enables an in-depth exploration of organizational decision-making, innovation adoption, and environmental and social performance. Thematic analysis identifies recurring patterns in ethical integration, technological innovation, and sustainability outcomes. Findings reveal that Islamic startups effectively embed ethical values into operations, fostering environmental accountability through renewable energy initiatives, waste reduction, and resource optimization, while enhancing community engagement and equitable service delivery. Technological innovations such as IoT, AI, and blockchain further support sustainability performance, enabling startups to monitor and optimize environmental outcomes without compromising financial viability. Comparative analysis demonstrates that Islamic startups outperform non-Islamic counterparts in key sustainability metrics, including carbon reduction and social impact, highlighting the competitive advantage of ethics-driven entrepreneurship. Overall, the study confirms that Islamic ethical frameworks foster both environmental accountability and technological innovation, providing a practical model for sustainable development in emerging economies. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, investors, and entrepreneurs seeking to align ethical, social, and environmental objectives with business strategy.

The integration of Green Internet of Things (Green IoT) systems in agriculture presents a promising solution for addressing critical challenges in water and energy usage. This study investigates the impact of real-time monitoring and data-driven irrigation control on resource optimization in precision agriculture. By incorporating soil moisture sensors, solar-powered IoT devices, and data analytics, the system aims to reduce water and energy consumption, enhancing sustainability in farming practices. The research finds that the Green IoT system can reduce water usage by up to 40% compared to traditional methods, while energy consumption is decreased by approximately 25% through the use of solar energy. The study also explores the advantages of implementing IoT-enabled systems, which ensure precise water delivery, preventing over-watering and under-watering, thereby improving crop yields and reducing waste. Despite these positive outcomes, the research identifies key challenges such as high initial costs, limited infrastructure in rural areas, and concerns related to data security. These barriers hinder the widespread adoption of Green IoT systems, especially in developing agricultural regions. Nonetheless, the findings highlight the potential of Green IoT to foster sustainable agricultural practices by promoting efficient resource use and reducing environmental impact. The study suggests that further research should explore the long-term economic implications of Green IoT adoption and investigate ways to overcome technical and financial challenges. Additionally, expanding the scope of Green IoT to other agricultural sectors, such as livestock farming, could enhance its applicability and overall impact on agricultural sustainability.