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The foundation of turbine machines in industrial buildings must be able to withstand static and dynamic loads caused by operational vibrations. Generally, reinforced concrete block foundations are used due to their good stability. However, under certain conditions such as limited land, decreased soil bearing capacity, and the need for structural rehabilitation, their application becomes less effective. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the use of Micropile foundations as an alternative for turbine machine foundations at Candi Baru Sugar Factory, Sidoarjo.The research method includes literature studies, soil data collection through Cone Penetration Test (CPT), machine technical data analysis, and the design and analysis of Micropile foundations. The analysis covers bearing capacity, settlement, dynamic response, pile cap design, and cost estimation.The results indicate that Micropiles with a diameter of 0.20 m, a length of 2 m, five piles, and a pile cap size of 2 m × 2 m × 4.5 m are able to safely and stably support the machine load. In addition, this system is considered more efficient in terms of construction time and implementation. Therefore, Micropile foundations are recommended as an effective and economical alternative for turbine machine foundations.

This study examines the application of double integrals in calculating the volume of cylindrical concrete piles as a basis for estimating material requirements in building foundation structures. The volume calculation was carried out using a double-integral approach in polar coordinates for three pile segments with lengths of 4 m, 3.9 m, and 4 m, each having a diameter of 60 cm. The results were then validated using the standard geometric formula to ensure consistency and mathematical reliability. The obtained concrete volume was subsequently used to estimate material needs based on a 1:1.5:3 mix proportion consisting of cement, sand, and gravel. The findings indicate that double integrals can be effectively applied to generate accurate estimations of both volume and material requirements, supporting logistical planning in construction. This approach also highlights the strong connection between mathematical concepts—particularly multivariable calculus—and practical applications in civil engineering. Furthermore, the study emphasizes that double integrals may serve as a relevant alternative when structural modeling requires deeper analytical exploration or validation beyond conventional geometry. Therefore, the implementation of double integrals not only reinforces theoretical understanding but also enhances precision in evaluating structural components within building foundation planning.

Perhitungan daya dukung pondasi yang akurat menjadi aspek penting dalam memastikan stabilitas dan keamanan struktur bangunan secara keseluruhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan nilai daya dukung ultimit (Qu) dari pondasi bored pile dengan menggunakan empat pendekatan berbeda, yaitu perhitungan manual menggunakan metode Schmertmann & Nottingham, Mayerhoff (1976), software Allpile, serta hasil uji lapangan dengan PDA (Pile Driving Analyzer). Studi kasus dilakukan pada proyek pembangunan Gedung Fave Hotel yang terletak di Banyumanik, Semarang. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa metode Schmertmann & Nottingham dengan nilai Qu tertinggi sebesar 282,25 ton. Sedangkan nilai terendah berasal dari hasil uji PDA 159,61 ton. Metode Mayerhoff (1976), memberikan nilai sebesar 170,30 ton, sementara Allpile menghasilkan nilai 160,79 ton. Selisih nilai ini disebabkan oleh perbedaan pendekatan dan asumsi yang digunakan oleh masing-masing metode. Secara umum, hasil PDA dianggap paling merepresentasikan kondisi aktual di lapangan karena merupakan hasil uji dinamis langsung pada tiang. Oleh karena itu, pendekatan manual dan software Allpile dapat dijadikan sebagai estimasi awal dalam tahap desain, namun tetap perlu divalidasi melalui pengujian lapangan untuk memperoleh hasil yang lebih realistis dan dapat diandalkan.

Penelitian ini menganalisis kekuatan pondasi tiang pancang pada proyek pembangunan Apartemen Arjuna Bima di Kabupaten Sleman. Penyidikan tanah menggunakan boring pada titik B2 menunjukkan bahwa lapisan tanah keras maksimum berada pada kedalaman 25 meter, sementara hasil bor tangan mengidentifikasi tanah berupa pasir sedang berwarna coklat keabu-abuan. Tiang pancang dipilih karena kemampuannya untuk memadatkan tanah pasir sedang selama proses pemancangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data sekunder melalui studi literatur dan dokumentasi. Semua perhitungan dilakukan menggunakan metode Meyerhof, sedangkan analisis pembebanan struktur dilakukan dengan perangkat lunak ETABS v22. Analisis ini mencakup perhitungan kapasitas dukung aksial, kapasitas dukung lateral, dan penurunan pondasi akibat beban struktur atas. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa beban aksial (P) sebesar 710,77 ton. Kapasitas dukung aksial kelompok tiang pancang (Qg) dengan diameter 80 cm, 60 cm, dan 42,9 cm pada kedalaman 20 m berturut-turut adalah 2.125,87 ton; 1.347,68 ton; dan 710,51 ton. Kapasitas dukung lateral (Hg) untuk ukuran tiang yang sama berturut-turut adalah 1.169,9 ton; 877,4 ton; dan 627,4 ton. Penurunan pondasi kelompok tiang (Sg) masing-masing adalah 2,46 cm; 2,1 cm; dan 2,03 cm. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, pondasi tiang pancang dengan diameter 80 cm dan 60 cm memenuhi syarat keamanan baik dari segi kapasitas dukung aksial maupun lateral, serta penurunan pondasi. Namun, untuk tiang pancang dengan diameter 42,9 cm, kapasitas dukung aksial tidak memenuhi syarat keamanan (Qg < P), sehingga tidak direkomendasikan untuk digunakan.

Tanah ekspansif merupakan jenis tanah bermasalah yang memiliki potensi mengembang dan menyusut secara signifikan akibat perubahan kadar air, sehingga dapat menimbulkan kerusakan pada struktur perkerasan jalan, pondasi bangunan, maupun infrastruktur lainnya. Upaya stabilisasi kimia merupakan metode yang umum digunakan untuk meningkatkan sifat teknis tanah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas campuran semen dan magnesium carbonate (MgCO₃) dalam meningkatkan karakteristik fisik dan mekanis tanah ekspansif. Metodologi penelitian mencakup pengambilan sampel tanah ekspansif dari lapangan, pengujian sifat fisik serta pengujian mekanis meliputi uji pemadatan dan uji CBR. Variasi campuran semen sebesar 5% dan MgCO₃ sebesar 5-15% dari berat kering tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan semen dan MgCO₃ mampu menurunkan plastisita, meningkatkan kepadatan dan nilai CBR secara signifikan dibandingkan kondisi tanah asli. Variasi paling efektif diperoleh pada 5% semen dan 15% MgCO₃ dengan nilai CBR unsoaked sebesar 16,35% dan CBR soaked sebesar 7,13%. Hasil ini menunjukkan MgCO₃ berperan sebagai aktivator mineral yang mempercepat reaksi pozzolanik dan meningkatkan pembentukan matriks pengikat pada butiran tanah. Campuran semen dan MgCO₃ dapat menjadi alternatif bahan stabilisasi yang efektif untuk perbaikan tanah ekspansif.

This research begins with the complexity of challenges faced by Christian families in the modern era, such as issues of communication, loyalty, and role imbalance. The aim is to examine the theological meaning of marriage as a divine institution in Christianity, focusing on the core values ​​of love, loyalty, and responsibility. Furthermore, this research formulates implementative strategies to create a harmonious and strong Christian family. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature study method, analyzing various biblical sources, books, and journals on Christian marriage. Data were analyzed by selecting, grouping, and summarizing the contents of the readings using a theological relational model, where love and loyalty are the foundation that gives rise to responsibility. The results show that Christian marriage is the embodiment of God's plan, a reflection of Christ's love, and the foundation for a harmonious family. Implementative strategies in modern life include: building communication based on love, maintaining loyalty in the digital age, implementing servant leadership and equal partnerships, making the family a community of faith, and managing conflict with forgiveness. This research is expected to strengthen Christian family life in the modern era through a deeper understanding of the theological meaning of marriage and the application of relevant practical strategies. Academically, this research contributes to the development of practical theology.

The use of heavy equipment is an important factor in facilitating and accelerating the process of a job, especially on large-scale projects and limited time. Work with the use of heavy equipment aims to facilitate the work, so that the expected results can be achieved more easily in a relatively shorter time. The study uses qualitative descriptive. The source of research data was obtained from secondary data and primary data. Data collection was obtained from literature reviews, interview results and observations. The data analysis used was to find the value of production capacity based on the provisions of PUPR Regulation No. 1 of 2022. In this study, what was observed were the factors that determined the value of the production capacity of each heavy equipment in the Madupat - Camplong Road Structure Improvement project, Camplong District. The results of the analysis obtained were, for excavation work, using excavator heavy equipment with a production capacity of 189 m³ / day, a work period of 5 days, and a rental price of Rp. 15,500,000, Dump Truck with a production capacity of 77.77 m³ / day, a work period of 11 days, and a rental price of Rp. 6,600,000, while for aggregate foundation layer work using excavator heavy equipment with a production capacity of 378 m³/day, work duration of 4 days, and equipment rental price of Rp. 10,800,000, Wales (Three Wheel Roller) with a production capacity of 246.96 m³/day, work duration of 6 days, and equipment rental price of Rp. 6,100,000.

Business ethics education plays a crucial role in shaping the professionalism of accounting students, particularly in addressing ethical challenges in the globalization era. This study aims to analyze the impact of business ethics education on the development of professional attitudes among accounting students at the University of Surabaya. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data were collected from 100 respondents who had completed a business ethics course. The findings indicate that business ethics education significantly helps students understand the principles of transparency, accountability, and integrity, despite challenges such as limited in-depth understanding and social pressures from their environment. These results underscore the importance of strengthening applied business ethics curricula and institutional support to enhance student professionalism.

Notaris mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting dalam dunia perbankan, terutama hal yang berkaitan dengan pemberian kredit. Pemberian kredit yang disalurkan oleh perbankan mempunyai berbagai macam jenis. Yakni kredit konsumtif dan Produktif. Kredit konsumtif merupakan jenis kredit yang diperuntukkan bagi masyarakat yang tujuan nya adalah bersifat konsumtif seperti, Kredit Pemilikan Rumah (KPR), Kredit Multi Guna, Kredit Renovasi Rumah. Sedangkan, kredit produktif adalah jenis kredit yang ditujukan kepada masyarakat luas untuk digunakan sebagai menambah modal usaha, memperkuat pondasi jenis usaha atau menambah jenis usaha yang sedang dijalankan. Dari dua hal tersebut twntu mempunyai fungsi dan tujuan yang berbeda beda. Akan tetapi apapun jenis kredit yang disalurkan, perbankan membutuhkan peran seorang Notaris dalam menjalankan bisnis nya. Notaris mempuyai tertori untuk membuat suatu akta perjanjian kredit sepanjang pihak kreditur dalam hal ini perbankan meminta kepada notaris untuk membuat akta perjanjian kredit secara notariil. Selain itu, dalam hal contoh  perjanjian kredit pemilikan rumah yang memiliki agunan berupa  sertifikat tanah, disinilah peran dan tugas notarisuntuk membuat perjanjian assesoir dimana perjanjian tersebut harus dibuat dengan akta otentik. Peran notaris dalam perjanjian kredit ini juga sangat penting karena notaris dapat dinyatakan sebagai pihak yang dapat menjamin kepastian hukum bagi para pihak dimana akta tersebut memiliki kekuatan eksekutorial apabila ada pihak yang melakukan cidera janji.

The Qur'an as the final revelation revealed by Allah SWT has a very central role in shaping the teachings and lives of Muslims. One of the most important aspects of the teachings of the Qur'an is the unity of the people, which can be a foundation in maintaining harmony and solidarity amidst existing differences. The virtues contained in the Qur'an, such as teachings on justice, tolerance, brotherhood, and compassion, provide clear direction for Muslims to unite and work together for the common good. However, amid the diversity of schools of thought, ethnicities, and thoughts in Muslims, it is important to re-explore the basic principles of the Qur'an that can strengthen relations between fellow Muslims. This study aims to explore the virtues of the Qur'an that can be the foundation of teachings that unite Muslims. This study also seeks to understand how these values ​​are applied in the context of the social and cultural life of Muslims, both in the past and in the contemporary era. The method used in this study is a qualitative method, with a thematic interpretation approach to analyze the verses of the Qur'an related to the unity of the people, as well as a study of the hadith to explore the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad SAW regarding the unity of the Muslim community. In addition, this study also uses a historical and socio-cultural approach to understand the application of the teachings of the Qur'an in Muslim society from time to time. The results of the study show that the virtues of the Qur'an, such as teachings on brotherhood, justice, and tolerance, have a very important role in strengthening the unity of Muslims, even though there are differences in terms of schools of thought, culture, and views. The Qur'an provides clear guidelines that differences are not a reason to divide, but rather a blessing that enriches the diversity of Muslims. By exploring and applying the teachings of the Qur'an, Muslims are expected to be able to better maintain unity and harmony in facing the challenges of the increasingly plural and complex modern era.

Islamic education plays a strategic role in shaping the morality of individuals and society. Based on the teachings of the Qur'an and Sunnah, Islamic education not only delivers religious knowledge but also builds Islamic character rooted in the values of tauhid (oneness of God), hablum minallah (relationship with God), and hablum minannas (relationship with others). This study analyzes literature to explore the relevance of Islamic education in addressing the challenges of modernization and globalization. The findings show that Islamic education remains crucial as a foundation of morality by integrating spiritual, social, and technological values into the learning process. Active learning methods like PAKEM have proven effective in enhancing students' moral understanding, while communities play a vital role in supporting the success of value-based Islamic education. The main challenge is to keep Islamic education relevant by adapting to social changes, technological advancements, and local and global needs. Therefore, collaboration among educators, educational institutions, and society is essential to sustain Islamic education as a strong moral foundation in the modern era.

Soil compaction is required to extend firmness, volume weight and diminish soil porousness at the extend area where adaptable asphalt framework will be built. The point of this inquire about is to decide the impact of soil thickness on street development utilizing the sandcone strategy and to decide the comparison of field compaction testing (Sand Cone) with research facility compaction testing (Compaction Testing) on the development of the Takkalasi-Bainange Lawo area of the Soppeng Rule street. This research was carried out within the Respectful Designing research facility of the Muhammadiyah College of Parepare for 4 months from Eminent to December 2023 utilizing the Sandcone test strategy compared to the compaction strategy. The comes about of the investigation of sandcone testing on soil thickness during the development of Jalan ruas takkalasi-bainange lawo within the locale soppeng, appeared that the thickness of dry soil within the gap was an normal of 2.368 gr/cc. and the comes about of the comparison of Field Compaction Testing (Sand Cone) with Research facility Testing (Compaction Testing) appeared that the most elevated degree of thickness was at STA 2 + 600 at 104.94 and the least degree of thickness was at STA 2 + 300 with a esteem of 101.24 and in case found the middle value of the thickness degree esteem is 101.383%. From the comes about gotten, it meets the Binamarga details, specifically a least of 90%, so the compaction on the development of the Takkalasi - Bainange Disoppeng street is classified as exceptionally compelling since it has met the least details    

Foundations are structural elements that play a crucial role in ensuring the stability and safety of buildings; therefore, understanding soil characteristics and stratification is a critical stage in geotechnical design. This study aims to analyze soil characteristics and stratification using Cone Penetration Test (CPT) data as a basis for determining safe and efficient foundation depth. The research method employed a quantitative–descriptive approach utilizing CPT test data obtained from two test points at the research site in Blitar City, East Java. The analyzed parameters include cone resistance (qc), sleeve friction (fs), and friction ratio (Rf), which were recorded continuously with depth in accordance with ASTM D3441-86. The results indicate that the shallow soil layer up to a depth of approximately 2.0 m is dominated by fine-grained soils with low qc values and high Rf values, making it unsuitable as a foundation bearing layer. The soil layer with the most favorable mechanical characteristics was identified at a depth of approximately 5.5–6.0 m, characterized by high and relatively stable qc values and low Rf values, indicating dense coarse-grained soil. Variations in the depth of hard soil layers between test points suggest lateral variability in subsurface conditions. These findings confirm that CPT data are effective for identifying soil stratification and providing preliminary recommendations for foundation depth in geotechnical planning.

Pelaksanaan proyek konstruksi ini pada Proyek Pembangunan Gedung Resto Cafe 5 Lantai akan membutuhkan pendekatan inovatif untuk menyelesaikan masalah konstruksi yang tidak sesuai. Oleh karena itu, penerapan mode konstruksi dapat membantu menyelesaikan konstruksi. Pondasi merupakan bagian bawah bangunan bangunan yang menahan dengan gaya-gaya beban atas. Pemilihan metode konstruksi pondasi mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap keakuratan konstrusksi. Tanah juga memiliki perbedaan kondisi dengan rencana seperti, kelembaban tanah akibat hujan, tiang yang menimbulkan kebisingan, pencemaran udara, dan faktor lainnya. Pondasi harus diperhatikan untuk menjamin kestabilan terhadap gaya luar seperti berat bangunan sendiri, beban isi bangunan, tekanan angina, dan gempa bumi. Pondasi terdiri dua jenis yaitu pondasi dangkal dan pondasi dalam. Dalam proyek ini berdasarkan data yang diperoleh hasil sondir untuk struktur angunan 44 meter. Dan proyek ini menggunakan tiang pancang karena relatif, pengirimian yang signifikan. Dan pada proyek ini menggukan metode konstruksi tiang pancang yaitu metode jack-in-pile yang dapat mengurangi polusi suara lingkungan.

Metode adalah hal yang sangat penting dalam sebuah konstruksi bangunan, hal ini karna metode berkaitan dengan banyak hal antara lain alat yang digunakan, sumber daya manusia, lokasi konstruksi dan jenis bangunan. Salah satu struktur bangunan yang paling penting adalah struktur bawah, yaitu pondasi dan pile cap, karena ini sangat krusial dalam menahan beban-beban yang ada pada sebuah bangunan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara melakukan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi secara langsung dilapangan. Berdasarkan hasil observasi yang telah dilakukan maka didapatkan urutan pekerjaan antara lain pekerjaan perataan galian, pekerjaan dewatering, pekerjaan pemasangan plastik cor, pekerjaan lantai kerja, pekerjaan pembesian, pekerjaan bekisting dan pekerjaan pengecoran

The foundation is a substructure which functions to support the loads and forces caused by the superstructure (superstructure) to the soil layer which will carry these loads and forces. Deep foundations are usually used to obtain a large enough soil bearing capacity and if the depth of the hard soil is far below the ground surface. The aim of this task is to analyze the bearing capacity of pile foundations using sondir data, standard penetration test (SPT) data, as well as the finite element method using the plaxis program. The method used in this final assignment is by studying literature, then collecting the necessary data, and after that carrying out calculation analysis using existing methods. From the results of the calculations carried out, different results were obtained. Where for sondir data at point S1 obtained Qu =115.80 tons; at point S2 obtained Qu = 104.80 tons; at point S3 obtained Qu = 105.50 tons. Meanwhile, based on SPT data at point BH-01, Qu = 398.23 tons, and using the plaxis program Qu = 425 tons

Kemampuan literasi yang dimiliki seseorang perlu dikembangkan sejak dini. Siswa sekolah dasar merupakan fase dalam menanamkan pondasi dasar yang nantinya akan dijadikan sebagai kebiasaan ketika dewasa nanti. Salah satu pondasi dasar yang perlu ditanamkan pada siswa sekolah dasar adalah kemapuan literasi. Banyaknya informasi yang beredar saat ini dan akan lebih banyak dimasa depan, membutuhkan kempuan literasi yang baik. Pada kegiatan ini dilakukan implementasi teknologi QR-Code untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi siswa sekolah dasar di Kabupaten Badung. Kegiatan pelatihan diikuti oleh siswa sekolah dasar. Materi yang diperkenalkan pada kegiatan ini adalah pengenalan hewan yang ada disekitar siswa untuk mata pelajaran IPAS. Siswa melakukan pemindaian pada Papan QR-Code, yang selanjutnya diarahkan ke website pengenalan hewan baik dalam bentuk teks, gambar, dan video untuk memenuhi gaya belajar siswa. Hal implementasi menunjukkan bahwa siswa mampu menggunakan Papan QR-Code secara mandiri baik melakukan pemindaian, akses website, dan membaca informasi baik berupa teks, gambar, maupun video.

Daya dukung tanah merupakan kemampuan tanah dalam menahan tekanan atau beban dari struktur atas bangunan dengan aman tanpa menimbulkan kegalalan ataupun penurunan. Beberapa metode digunakan untuk menganalisis daya dukung tanah, diantaranya yaitu dengan metode Terzaghi, Mayerhoff, Hasen, Vesic, Oshaki dan menggunakan software dengan parameter dan hasil yang berbeda. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbandingan daya dukung tanah pondasi dangkal menggunakan metode Terzaghi, Mayerhoff dan software Plaxis 2D. Data sekunder yang digunakan berupa gambar perencanaan dan data tanah hasil uji labolatorium. Berdasarkan analisis menggunakan metode Terzaghi, Mayerhoff dan Software Plaxis 2D diperoleh nilai daya dukung tanah ijin (Qall) secara berurutan sebesar 20,322, 25,612 dan 16,827 t/m2. Berdasarkan hasil daya dukung tanah pondasi dangkal pada metode analitis dan software plaxsis 2D didapatkan bahwa perhitungan daya dukung tanah ijin (Qall) pondasi dangkal metode Meyerhoff lebih besar dari perhitungan metode Terzaghi dan Sofware Plaxis 2D.

Bar bending schedule is a systeem of bending patterns of reinforcement that includes data on diameter, shape, length and number of reinforcement. The purpose of this study is to obtain images of bar bending schedule documents, pile cap foundation iron volumes and find out whether Autodesk Revit software is more efficient and effective than conventional methods. This research uses quantitative methods and the manufacturing process uses the concept of Building Information Modeling (BIM) with autodesk revit software. The results showed that the use of Autodesk Revit software makes it more effective, especially in making bar bending schedule documents, because everything is made automatically. The volume of pile cap iron produced by Autodesk Revit software is 46,878 kg has a difference with the existing (conventional) volume. The volume result of autodesk revit software is less with a difference of 1.29%. This shows that Autodesk Revit software is more efficient in terms of calculating the volume of concrete iron.

The pile foundation is a deep foundation that is often used in the construction of high-rise buildings and small-scale buildings. The foundation is required to have a greater bearing capacity than the load on it. This study aims to determine the maximum bearing capacity of the foundation against the work load including the additional load from the 15-story Lamongan Muhammadiyah University building which was found to be cracked. Calculation of the bearing capacity of a single pile is carried out to determine the bearing capacity of a single pile using the Mayerhoff, Reese O'neil, and Reese and Wright method. Calculation of the bearing capacity of group piles is carried out to determine the bearing capacity of piles in one group using the Converse-Labarre, Los Angle Group, and Seiler-Keeney methods. Controlling the bearing capacity of single and group pile foundations, whether they are able to withstand the load on them using the axial loads and moments obtained. The results of the calculation of the bearing capacity of a single pile foundation at a depth of 30 m using the Meyerhoff calculation method obtained the carrying capacity of a single pile permit (Q_a) at point DB-1 of 916,80 tons and DB-2 of 916,80 tons, Reese and O' neil obtained Power single pile permit bearing (Q_a) at point DB-1 of 668,67 tons and DB-2 of 668,67 tons, Reese and Wright obtained single pile permit bearing capacity (Q_a) at point DB-1 of 1.070,08 tons and a DB-2 of 1.070,08 tons, while the shamanic strength of the largest pile group foundation was obtained using the Converse-Labarre method with ultimate bearing capacity using the Reese anad Wright method, bearing configuration from the pile group capacity (Q_g) (2 x 2) obtained at point DB -1 of 9.733,45 tons and DB-2 of 9.733,45 tons, configuration (2 x 3) at point DB-1 of 13.810,45 tons and DB-2 of 13.810,45 tons, configuration (3 x 2 ) at point DB-1 of 13.810,45 tons and DB-2 of 13.810,45 tons. The results of controlling the bearing capacity of the foundation by looking at the value of the allowable bearing capacity is greater than the value of the axial load (P ≤ Q_g). From the calculation of the bearing capacity of the piles it can be concluded that the pile foundations at points DB-1 and DB-2 are safe.