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Pelayanan perizinan merupakan salah satu aspek penting dalam penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik. Kota Batam memiliki dualisme kewenangan antara Pemerintah Kota Batam dan Badan Pengusahaan (BP) Batam dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dan pelayanan perizinan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis dinamika politik lokal dalam penyelenggaraan pelayanan perizinan di Kota Batam serta mengkaji dampak dualisme kewenangan terhadap efektivitas pelayanan publik pada tahun 2025. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun pemerintah telah melakukan penataan kewenangan melalui Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 25 Tahun 2025 dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 28 Tahun 2025, pelaksanaan pelayanan perizinan masih menghadapi tantangan berupa koordinasi antar lembaga, tumpang tindih kewenangan, dan belum optimalnya integrasi tata kelola antara Pemerintah Kota Batam dan BP Batam. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penyelesaian dualisme kewenangan tidak cukup dilakukan melalui perubahan regulasi, tetapi memerlukan penguatan collaborative governance, pembagian kewenangan yang jelas, serta koordinasi kelembagaan yang lebih efektif guna meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan publik dan menciptakan kepastian hukum bagi masyarakat maupun investor.

Transformasi digital administrasi pertanahan di Indonesia melalui Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Nomor 1 Tahun 2021 telah mengubah sistem pendaftaran tanah dari berbasis dokumen fisik menjadi sistem elektronik. Perubahan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi, transparansi, dan kepastian hukum dalam pelayanan pertanahan. Namun demikian, transformasi tersebut menimbulkan persoalan yuridis terkait kekuatan hukum dan nilai pembuktian sertipikat tanah elektronik, serta perubahan peran dan tanggung jawab Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: (1) pelaksanaan pendaftaran dan penerbitan sertipikat tanah secara elektronik di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Blora; (2) kendala yang dihadapi serta upaya penyelesaiannya; dan (3) kekuatan hukum sertipikat tanah elektronik ditinjau dari aspek kepastian dan perlindungan hukum. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi deskriptif analitis, yang didukung oleh data empiris melalui wawancara dengan pihak Kantor Pertanahan, PPAT, dan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan sertipikat tanah elektronik dilakukan secara bertahap melalui integrasi layanan elektronik, mulai dari pengajuan permohonan, verifikasi berkas, validasi data fisik dan yuridis, hingga penerbitan sertipikat elektronik. Kendala yang dihadapi meliputi gangguan sistem, keterbatasan infrastruktur digital, serta rendahnya literasi digital masyarakat. Upaya yang dilakukan antara lain penguatan sistem keamanan, peningkatan kompetensi sumber daya manusia, serta sosialisasi kepada masyarakat. Sertipikat tanah elektronik memiliki kekuatan pembuktian yang sama dengan sertipikat fisik sepanjang diterbitkan sesuai prosedur dan menggunakan tanda tangan elektronik tersertifikasi.

Permasalahan Rute Kendaraan (Vehicle Routing Problem) bertujuan untuk meminimalkan biaya transportasi. Rute adalah serangkaian urutan dari depo menuju beberapa pelanggan kemudian kembali lagi ke depo. Adapun permasalahan normalnya dimodelkan dalam bentuk graf dengan bobot. Karena setiap ruas jalan memiliki jarak/biaya yang harus dikeluarkan ketika menempuh ruas tersebut maka diperlukan penyelesaian agar meminimalkan biaya transportasi ketika menempuh ruas-ruas jalan tersebut dengan tetap melayani semua pelanggan yang ada. Penelitian ini mengembangkan algoritma metaheuristik, khususnya algoritma genetika yang diimprovisasi dengan Route-Based Crossover dan 2-opt untuk meminimalkan total jarak pengiriman. Hasilnya menunjukkan solusi yang 3% lebih buruk dibandingkan algoritma koloni semut, namun 7% lebih baik daripada pencarian tabu.

Kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat mengenai hukum waris sering kali menjadi pemicu konflik dalam keluarga, terutama terkait pembagian harta peninggalan yang tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan hukum yang berlaku. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan kesadaran hukum masyarakat mengenai hak dan kewajiban para ahli waris guna mencegah terjadinya sengketa keluarga. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Peterongan, Kecamatan Semarang Selatan, dengan menggunakan metode penyuluhan hukum melalui ceramah, diskusi interaktif, dan sesi tanya jawab. Pendekatan partisipatif diterapkan untuk mendorong keterlibatan aktif peserta dalam memahami permasalahan hukum waris yang sering muncul di lingkungan masyarakat. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan peserta mengenai prinsip-prinsip dasar hukum waris, prosedur pembagian warisan, serta pentingnya penyelesaian masalah waris secara musyawarah dan sesuai ketentuan hukum. Penyuluhan ini berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan kesadaran hukum masyarakat sebagai langkah preventif untuk mengurangi potensi konflik keluarga terkait warisan.

The rapid growth of e-commerce among university students has provided greater convenience in conducting digital transactions. However, it has also created various challenges, including online fraud, discrepancies between advertised and delivered products, delayed shipments, and limited understanding of consumer rights and dispute resolution mechanisms. This community service program aimed to enhance legal literacy and increase students’ awareness of consumer protection in electronic transactions, particularly within the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (FKIP) of Yapis University Papua. The program employed an educational-participatory approach through counseling sessions, interactive discussions, case simulations, and participant comprehension evaluations. The materials covered consumer rights and obligations, common violations in electronic transactions, complaint procedures on e-commerce platforms, and non-litigation dispute resolution mechanisms. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in students’ understanding of consumer protection laws, their ability to identify violations of consumer rights, and their knowledge of appropriate actions when disputes arise in online shopping transactions. Furthermore, participants showed strong engagement throughout the activities and were able to apply their knowledge effectively during case simulations. The program contributed to the development of more critical, informed, responsible, and legally aware digital consumers who are better prepared to engage safely and confidently in e-commerce activities.

Program Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini bertujuan meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan pelanggan pada usaha jasa pengetikan Metronet di Kecamatan Ambulu, Kabupaten Jember, melalui optimalisasi tiga fitur produktivitas Microsoft Office: autocorrect, autoformat, dan template dokumen. Tim pelaksana memakai metode riset tindakan partisipatif dengan menggabungkan metode ini dengan pelatihan dan bimbingan. Pelaksanaan program menunjukkan hasil yang jelas pada semua parameter evaluasi. Kemampuan karyawan meningkat sekitar 93,2%. Waktu penyelesaian dokumen berkurang rata-rata 58%. Tingkat kesalahan juga turun menjadi 1,2%. Kapasitas layanan bertambah 40%, dan adanya pelanggan baru dari kecamatan lain yang dapat dilayani. Ditemukan bahwa perbaikan kecil ini dengan tetap terfokus pada perangkat lunak perkantoran sehari-hari mampu mempertajam kualitas pelayanan usaha mikro dan memperluas jangkauan pasarnya dalam waktu relatif singkat.

This study aims to analyze the position of customary law in the new Criminal Code and the integration of restorative justice in resolving criminal cases in Indonesia. The method used is a qualitative approach with normative juridical research through legislative and conceptual approaches. The results indicate that the new Criminal Code recognizes living law, including customary law, as part of the national legal system. However, its status remains complementary and subordinate to state law. The integration of restorative justice into the criminal justice system is a progressive step that emphasizes restoring relationships between perpetrators, victims, and the community. This approach aligns with customary law values ​​that prioritize deliberation, balance, and social harmony. However, its implementation still faces various challenges, such as unclear regulations, limited official capacity, and potential conflicts with human rights principles. Therefore, regulatory strengthening, procedural standardization, and institutional capacity building are needed to ensure the integration of customary law and restorative justice can be implemented effectively, fairly, and sustainably within the Indonesian criminal justice system.

Non-performing loans represent one of the risks faced by banks in their lending activities, particularly in housing loan (KPR) products. This study aims to analyze the procedures for resolving problematic housing loans and to identify the factors causing the decline in debtors’ repayment ability, as well as the obstacles encountered in the implementation of such procedures at PT Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero) Tbk, Tasikmalaya Branch Office. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through direct observation and interviews with relevant parties within the bank. The results show that the procedures for resolving problematic loans are carried out through several stages, including submission of restructuring applications, document verification, analysis of the debtor’s repayment capacity, determination of restructuring schemes, approval, agreement signing, and post-restructuring monitoring. These procedures are supported by the application of the 3R concept, namely rescheduling, reconditioning, and restructuring, which are implemented flexibly according to the debtor’s condition. The findings also indicate that the decline in debtors’ repayment ability is mainly caused by decreased income, job loss, increased living expenses, and unstable economic conditions. In practice, several obstacles were identified, such as incomplete documentation, lack of debtor cooperation, and issues related to collateral ownership that has been transferred from the original debtor. Therefore, improved supervision, better communication, and stronger coordination between the bank and debtors are necessary to ensure the effectiveness of loan resolution procedures.

Family conflict is an inherent aspect of marital and domestic life and entails complex legal, psychological, and social implications. In the practice of Islamic family law in Indonesia, the resolution of family disputes remains predominantly litigation-oriented, often resulting in the termination of legal relationships, particularly divorce, without adequate attention to the psychological restoration of the parties involved. This article aims to examine family counseling as an instrument for conflict resolution within Islamic family law through a normative legal research approach grounded in legal psychology. The study employs conceptual and legal-psychological approaches, utilizing primary legal sources such as the Qur’an and classical and contemporary Islamic jurisprudence, as well as secondary sources including scholarly books and academic journal articles on family law and legal psychology. The findings indicate that family counseling possesses strong normative legitimacy within Islamic family law through the principles of iṣlāḥ, the mechanism of ḥakam, and the orientation toward public welfare (maṣlaḥah). From a legal-psychological perspective, conflict resolution that accounts for emotional dimensions and procedural justice proves more effective in enhancing legal acceptance and compliance. The integration of family counseling as a restorative instrument does not replace judicial authority but complements it by strengthening the effectiveness of Islamic family law in addressing contemporary family conflicts in a just, humane, and sustainable manner.

This study examines the urgency of regulating the nominal limit of restitution in criminal case resolution through a restorative justice approach from the perspective of legal certainty. Restorative justice in Indonesia is governed by PERKAP No. 8 of 2021, PERJA No. 15 of 2020, and PERMA No. 1 of 2024. However, none of these regulations explicitly stipulate the nominal limit of compensation payable to victims. The absence of such a provision potentially leads to legal uncertainty and unfair practices, particularly in cases where resolution depends on the offender's ability to pay restitution. This research adopts a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The study aims to analyze the necessity of regulating nominal limits and how such limits should be determined under the prevailing legal framework. The findings reveal that the lack of clear restitution limits hampers the effective implementation of restorative justice, undermines fairness, and fails to adequately protect victims' rights. Legal regulation of compensation limits is necessary to ensure legal certainty, prevent abuse of power, and uphold justice in the victim recovery process. The study recommends that the state promptly establish clear restitution limits through revision of existing regulations or formulation of new ones, taking into account the principles of justice, the offender’s financial capacity, and the proportionality of the victim's losses.

This study examines the comparison between litigation and Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in resolving business conflicts in Indonesia. The increasingly complex nature of business activities has led to a variety of conflicts, such as breach of contract, share ownership disputes, and payment issues, which require efficient resolution methods that provide legal certainty. This study aims to explore the characteristics, procedures, advantages, and disadvantages of dispute resolution through litigation and ADR, which include negotiation, mediation, conciliation, and arbitration. The method applied is normative juridical, drawing on legislation, legal doctrine, and relevant literature. The research findings indicate that litigation offers stronger legal certainty through binding court decisions and organized procedures, but is often time-consuming, expensive, and produces win-lose outcomes. On the other hand, ADR offers flexibility, confidentiality, efficiency, and the opportunity to reach mutually beneficial solutions, although in some situations it requires court confirmation for enforcement. Therefore, the choice of dispute resolution method needs to be adjusted to the nature of the conflict, the relationship between the parties, and the need for legal certainty.

Disputes over unpaid insurance claims are a problem that frequently arises in insurance practice and can harm consumers both financially and psychologically, while also reducing public trust in the insurance industry. Such disputes are generally triggered by differing interpretations of policy provisions, alleged breaches of the good-faith principle, and administrative obstacles, which ultimately lead to civil conflicts between the insured and the insurer. To provide access to dispute resolution that is faster, fairer, and more affordable than litigation, the Financial Services Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan/OJK) established the Alternative Dispute Resolution Institution for the Financial Services Sector (Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan/LAPS SJK) through OJK Regulation No. 61/POJK.07/2020. This study aims to analyze the mechanism for resolving disputes over unpaid insurance claims through LAPS SJK and to assess its effectiveness in providing legal protection and legal certainty for consumers. The research method employed is normative legal research using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach, through an examination of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials related to contracts, insurance, consumer protection, and alternative dispute resolution. The findings show that LAPS SJK has the authority to handle civil disputes in the financial services sector, including insurance disputes, provided that the parties have a written agreement and have first pursued internal dispute resolution (Internal Dispute Resolution/IDR). Dispute resolution at LAPS SJK is conducted through mediation and arbitration. Mediation is facilitated by a mediator to encourage the parties to reach a settlement agreement, which may be reinforced into a Deed of Settlement (Akta Perdamaian) that is final, binding, and enforceable. If mediation fails, arbitration offers a more determinative resolution through a final and binding award that can be enforced after being registered with the District Court. Overall, LAPS SJK is considered effective because its procedures are structured, time-bound, and provide a fee waiver for mediation in retail and small-claim cases up to IDR 750,000,000. However, its effectiveness remains conditional, as it depends on the existence of a written agreement between the parties, the obligation to undergo IDR, and good faith in the mediation process.

This study aims to analyze the obstacles to the implementation of civil judgment execution and efforts to resolve them in judicial practice in Indonesia. The research method used is normative juridical legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. The data used is secondary data obtained through literature study, which is then analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of civil judgment execution still faces various obstacles, which include legal, technical, and non-legal obstacles. Legal obstacles include legal efforts used to delay execution, technical obstacles related to the unclear object of the dispute and limited facilities, while non-legal obstacles include resistance from the losing party and the public. These conditions indicate ineffectiveness in the implementation of civil procedural law, resulting in the failure to achieve legal certainty, justice, and benefit. Efforts to resolve obstacles are carried out through improving regulations, increasing the professionalism of judicial officials, utilizing technology, and a non-litigation approach. Thus, legal reform and strengthening of judicial institutions are needed so that the implementation of civil judgment execution can run more effectively and provide optimal legal protection.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Bagaimana Penyelesaian sengketa Informasi (PSI) Publik melalui Ajudikasi Non Litigasi berbasis konsep  Pelayan Publik  yang Adaptif oleh Komisi Informasi Jawa Timur. Dalam Penelitian ini Analisa yang digunakan melaui pendekatan  Teori Peran (Anis Rachma Utary, 2014)   yang  berkaitan dengan judul serta menggunakan Metode Pendekatan Kualitatif yang bersifat Deskriptif (Sugiyono, 2017). Observasi yang dilakukan dengan melakukan metode wawancara  (M.Nazir, 2017) pada  6  orang informan yang mengetahui  masalah penelitian.Dari Hasil Observasi yang dilakukan terkait indikator  Dimensi yang ada yaitu : Regulatory Role; Enabling Role; Direct Provision of  good and Services, 2 (dua) indikator  menunjukan bahwa Penyelesaian Sengketa Informasi melalui Ajudikasi Non Litigasi sudah tercapai dengan baik sesuai pendekatan indikator yang ada diantaranya melalui kesepakatan damai (Mediasi) dan pencabutan gugatan. Salah satu indikator tidak tercapai karena pengelolaan penyelesaian sengketa tidak menunjukan hasil yang maksimal dalam total  jumlah kesepakatan damai (mediasi) dan total jumlah pencabutan gugatan, namun secara keseluruhan berdasarkan pendekatan teori yang ada, Penyelesaian sengketa Informasi (PSI) Publik melalui Ajudikasi Non Litigasi berbasis Pelayan Publik  yang Adaptif sudah sesuai. Kata Kunci : Penyelesaian sengketa Informasi Publik, Komisi Informasi, Ajudikasi Non Litigasi

Syndicated credit serves as a response for banks in extending loans as an alternative financing mechanism when constrained by the legal lending limit. Syndicated loans have a distinctive characteristic, namely the requirement for collective decision-making among creditors to reach a resolution. Consequently, collateral execution is often delayed or not carried out optimally to recover bank receivables, resulting in participating banks bearing losses for a relatively long period. This research employs a normative juridical approach with descriptive-analytical research specifications using qualitative methods based on relevant legal norms and theories. The results show that the legal relationship between the bank agent and the syndicated creditors constitutes an agency relationship, namely a special power of attorney as regulated under the Civil Code. The Bank Agent, consisting of the Facility Agent, Security Agent, and Escrow Agent, acts according to their respective duties for the benefit of the syndicate within the scope of authority agreed upon in the credit agreement. The resolution of non-performing loans in syndicated credit schemes should be carried out by referring to credit rescue and settlement mechanisms as regulated in the OJK Regulation concerning the Asset Quality Assessment of Commercial Banks through the prudential principle. The legal liability of the Bank Agent or Security Agent arises only when it can be proven that the agent has acted beyond the authority granted to it.

Social conflict between neighbors is a phenomenon that often appears in pluralistic society and has the potential to disrupt social harmony if not managed constructively. The conflict is generally triggered by the lack of interfaith communication, social prejudice, socio-economic inequality, as well as external party provocations that utilize rift with social relations. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of conflict between neighbors are different religions and review the relevance of Q.S. Al-Hujurat paragraph 13 as theological runway in a resolution of conflict and a strengthening of plurality values. This study used qualitative methods with the approach of literature study (library research), through an analysis of the interpretation of the Qur'an, pluralism, and scientific literature relevant to the theme and resolution of conflict. The results show that Q.S. Al-Hujurat paragraph 13 emphasizes the principle of human equality, respect for diversity, and the concept of 'arafu (know each other) as the foundation of harmonious social interaction. Qur'ani values such as justice, tolerance, dialogue, patience, forgiveness, and help, are proven to be relevant as a conflict-based conflict resolution strategy (sulh). Implementation of this value through interfaith dialogue, multicultural education, and inclusive social policies are able to reduce prejudice and strengthen social solidarity. Thus, the integration of Q.S value. Al-Hujurat paragraph 13 in social life is a normative and practical approach to building a sustainable peace in the midst of a pluralistic society.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of problematic murabahah financing settlement at KSPPS BMT Huwaiza Depok and assess its compliance with the DSN-MUI Fatwa Number 47 and 48 of 2005. The approach used is descriptive qualitative with the type of normative-empirical Islamic law research. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation, which were then analyzed descriptively comparatively between field practices and the provisions of the fatwa. The results of the study indicate that the settlement of problematic financing is carried out in stages, starting with a persuasive approach, issuing warning letters, to restructuring through rescheduling and collateral sales. The rescheduling practice is carried out without increasing the amount of debt, only adjusting the payment period, while collateral sales are carried out based on market prices with the principle of justice. In conclusion, the implementation of problematic murabahah financing settlement at KSPPS BMT Huwaiza is in accordance with sharia principles and the DSN-MUI Fatwa, although the sharia arbitration mechanism has not been implemented.

The application of social interaction in social life in society is not always harmonious. What happened is a difference in thoughts, opinions, and desires between one person and another. This difference became the origin of dispute or conflict in society. This ultimately encouraged those who started out modern-minded to develop dispute resolution mechanisms from their simplest form to what is now called the judicial system, which refers to positive law and social norms or rules. By using normative juridical research methods, namely research through a case approach, because this study aims to determine the efforts to resolve and legal consequences in the Tuban District Court Decision No. 22/Pdt.G/2022/PN.Tbn which is associated with applicable legal regulations and theories. In principle, the conciliation process can only proceed if the parties of the conflict act in good faith. The agreement reached is actually the result of mutual agreement, so that the deed of peace has the same legal force as a court decision (verdict) that is final and binding, and all legal remedies against permanently binding conciliation decisions/notices have ended.

The development of digital technology has brought significant changes to product marketing and advertising patterns, particularly through social media platforms such as Instagram, which enable the rapid and wide dissemination of information. On the one hand, digitalization provides opportunities for business actors to promote their products in a more creative and interactive way. On the other hand, it also creates the potential for advertisements that may mislead consumers. In practice, there are still business actors who promote products that do not correspond to their actual conditions. Such misinformation can cause losses and raise issues related to consumer rights and the responsibilities of business actors. This study also analyzes dispute resolution related to misleading advertisements on social media. The method used is doctrinal legal research with a statutory approach (statute approach) and a case approach. The results of the study indicate that there are still advertising business actors who neglect consumers’ rights to truthful information about product conditions, and who fail to fulfill their obligations of good faith, providing accurate and honest information, and complying with standards stipulated in laws and regulations. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen supervision of the implementation of advertising ethics and enforce stricter law enforcement so that consumer rights can be protected and advertising practices on social media can be carried out responsibly.

Child violence cases in Jayapura City demonstrate a distinctive pattern of legal settlement characterised by the strong coexistence of customary law and the formal juvenile criminal justice system. While national legislation mandates diversion and restorative justice as primary mechanisms in handling children in conflict with the law, empirical findings reveal that most cases are resolved through indigenous customary forums known as para-para adat. This study aims to analyse the forms of settlement applied to child violence cases and to identify the constraints encountered in implementing both customary mechanisms and the formal juvenile justice system. The research employs a normative-empirical approach by combining statutory analysis with field data obtained from law enforcement institutions, legal aid organisations, and community respondents. The findings indicate that approximately ninety percent of cases between 2019 and 2024 were settled through customary mechanisms involving collective responsibility and the payment of customary fines as symbolic and material restoration. Diversion mechanisms under the formal system were rarely implemented. Although customary settlement is perceived as flexible, culturally legitimate, and socially restorative, several obstacles persist, including disagreement over compensation, inability to fulfil customary obligations, and limited awareness of restorative justice procedures. The study highlights the need to harmonise legal pluralism within child protection policies to ensure that customary practices align with the best interests of the child and national legal standards.