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Background: Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease that remains a serious health problem in Bali, with increase case from rabies transmiting animal bite   in 2025. Sobangan Village, area of ??the Mengwi I Public Health Center, has been identified as a high-risk area due to its largest dog population and the second-highest bite incidence in the region. Lack of understanding regarding the initial treatment of bite wounds and vaccination are major risks factor for fatalities. Aim: This community service activity aims to increase the knowledge and awareness of the Sobangan Village community regarding the prevention and initial treatment of Animal Bites. Method: The implementation method included interactive counseling and focused discussions involving 18 village cadre representatives and PKK members, evaluated using pre-tests and post-tests. Result: The results showed a significant increase in the average knowledge score of participants from 11.56 to 12.56. The most increase understanding occurred in identifying the characteristics of rabid dogs (from 55.6% to 94.4%) and the urgency of post-exposure vaccination (from 72.2% to 100%). Conclusion: Community-based health education has been shown to be effective in improving cognitive competence as a preventative measure to reduce the risk of death from rabies in endemic areas.

Anemia pada ibu hamil merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang masih memiliki prevalensi tinggi di Indonesia dan berkontribusi terhadap meningkatnya risiko komplikasi pada ibu maupun janin. Penanganan anemia memerlukan asuhan kebidanan yang komprehensif melalui pendekatan keluarga dan komunitas untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, kepatuhan konsumsi tablet tambah darah, serta perbaikan pola makan ibu hamil.  Memberikan asuhan kebidanan komunitas pada keluarga Tn. S dengan kasus anemia ringan pada ibu hamil di Dusun Pegading Luar, Desa Batunyala, Kecamatan Praya Tengah melalui penerapan manajemen kebidanan sehingga masalah kesehatan dapat diidentifikasi, ditangani, dan dievaluasi secara komprehensif. Laporan ini menggunakan metode studi kasus dengan pendekatan asuhan kebidanan komunitas. Proses asuhan meliputi pengkajian data subjektif dan objektif, identifikasi masalah, penetapan diagnosis, penyusunan rencana asuhan, pelaksanaan intervensi berupa edukasi gizi, anjuran konsumsi tablet tambah darah, pemantauan kondisi ibu, serta evaluasi hasil asuhan. Asuhan kebidanan komunitas menunjukkan bahwa ibu hamil dengan anemia ringan memerlukan edukasi berkelanjutan mengenai pemenuhan nutrisi kaya zat besi, kepatuhan mengonsumsi tablet Fe, serta dukungan keluarga dalam penerapan perilaku hidup sehat. Pendekatan berbasis keluarga dan komunitas membantu meningkatkan pemahaman ibu dan keluarga mengenai pencegahan komplikasi anemia selama kehamilan serta mendukung keberhasilan asuhan kebidanan. Penerapan asuhan kebidanan komunitas pada keluarga Tn. S dengan anemia ringan pada ibu hamil dapat dilaksanakan secara sistematis melalui manajemen kebidanan. Pendekatan promotif, preventif, edukatif, dan kolaboratif berperan penting dalam meningkatkan kesehatan ibu hamil, mencegah komplikasi kehamilan, serta mewujudkan keluarga yang lebih mandiri dalam menjaga kesehatan

Kepuasan pasien merupakan indikator penting mutu pelayanan kesehatan, termasuk pelayanan radiologi yang berperan dalam menunjang diagnosis dan keputusan klinis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan kepuasan pasien terhadap pelayanan Instalasi Radiologi Rumah Sakit Muhammadiyah Mardhatillah Randudongkal. Penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif ini menggunakan data sekunder survei kepuasan pasien Bulan Januari – Maret 2026. Sampel penelitian adalah 202 responden yang menerima pelayanan radiologi. Data dianalisis menggunakan distribusi frekuensi, persentase, rerata skor dan indeks kepuasan terkonversi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata kepuasan keseluruhan sebesar 3,53 dari skala 4,00 atau indeks 88,17. Nilai tertinggi terdapat pada perilaku petugas yang ramah, sopan, salam, senyum, dan empati (rerata 3,65; indeks 91,21), diikuti kompetensi tenaga kesehatan (rerata 3,57; indeks 89,23). Nilai terendah terdapat pada kewajaran biaya pelayanan (rerata 3,41; indeks 85,27), namun tetap berada pada persepsi positif. Pelayanan radiologi dipersepsikan baik oleh pasien, terutama pada aspek interpersonal dan kompetensi profesional. Perbaikan berkelanjutan perlu difokuskan pada budaya pelayanan Islami, waktu tunggu, penanganan keluhan, dan komunikasi biaya.

Esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula is a congenital anomaly requiring early diagnosis and prompt surgical correction. Gross type D esophageal atresia, characterized by both proximal and distal tracheoesophageal fistulas, is an exceedingly rare variant that poses significant diagnostic and operative challenges. We report a case of a full-term female neonate with a birth weight of 3,200 grams who presented with hypersalivation since the first day of life, accompanied by coughing and choking during feeding. Orogastric tube insertion failed, with the tube arrested at approximately 15 cm. The patient was referred with a diagnosis of neonatal pneumonia and suspected esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula. Physical examination revealed tachypnea, chest wall retraction, and respiratory distress requiring ventilatory support. Babygram demonstrated the orogastric tube tip arrested at the proximal esophageal pouch with distal gastrointestinal air. Contrast esophagography confirmed proximal esophageal atresia at the upper thoracic level with suspected proximal fistula. Associated findings included bilateral pneumonia, right upper lobe atelectasis, and vertebral anomalies suggestive of VACTERL association. Intraoperative findings confirmed Gross type D esophageal atresia with proximal and distal tracheoesophageal fistulas. Both fistulas were excised, followed by primary esophageal anastomosis and transanastomotic nasogastric tube placement. Gross type D esophageal atresia is a rare congenital anomaly that should be considered in neonates presenting with hypersalivation, failed orogastric tube insertion, and respiratory distress. Anatomical subtype confirmation relies on intraoperative findings. Early surgical repair can be performed successfully; however, associated anomalies necessitate careful long-term follow-up.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) in response to allergen exposure. This condition has become a significant global health concern because of its increasing prevalence and substantial impact on quality of life, sleep, cognitive function, and work productivity. AR is also commonly associated with other atopic diseases, including asthma and atopic dermatitis. This article aims to review the current understanding of allergic rhinitis, focusing on epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and evidence-based management strategies. This study used a narrative literature review method by analyzing scientific articles, clinical guidelines, and peer-reviewed journals published between 2015 and 2025. Literature sources were obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar, and relevant medical databases using keywords related to allergic rhinitis, IgE, diagnosis, and immunotherapy. The findings indicate that allergic rhinitis involves complex immune mechanisms characterized by Th2 lymphocyte activation, IgE production, and inflammatory mediator release. Diagnosis is primarily established clinically and supported by allergy testing such as skin prick tests or serum-specific IgE measurement. Intranasal corticosteroids remain the first-line therapy for moderate to severe cases, while antihistamines and leukotriene receptor antagonists are used as adjunctive therapies. Allergen immunotherapy has shown effectiveness in modifying disease progression and improving long-term outcomes. In conclusion, allergic rhinitis is a manageable chronic disease that requires a comprehensive and individualized treatment approach involving environmental control, pharmacotherapy, and immunotherapy.

Typhoid fever during pregnancy can lead to complications such as uteroplacental infection, miscarriage, and vertical transmission, which causes neonatal typhoid. Typhoid fever is found worldwide and is highly prevalent in developing countries, particularly in tropical regions. It is estimated that there are 11–21 million cases per year and approximately 128,000–161,000 deaths per year; the majority of cases occur in Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Salmonella typhi is a gram-negative bacterium capable of intracellular survival. Symptoms in typhoid patients vary among different groups. While pregnant women with typhoid are more likely to exhibit coughing, non-pregnant patients more frequently report nausea/vomiting compared to pregnant patients. The effects of typhoid fever on pregnancy result from prolonged high fever and poor general health, which can lead to miscarriage, preterm labor, and intrauterine fetal death, especially if the infection occurs during the first or second trimester. Morbidity and mortality rates may be higher in pregnant women. Pregnancy itself does not affect the course of the disease. Prevention of typhoid fever involves adopting a clean and healthy lifestyle, as well as receiving the typhoid vaccine. Two effective vaccines are available for typhoid fever. The live-attenuated oral vaccine (Ty21a) requires four doses, administered 48 hours apart, without concurrent use of antibiotics or antimicrobial medications. Due to reduced gastrointestinal motility in early pregnancy and frequent nausea and vomiting associated with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux requiring acid-reducing therapy, we do not recommend the Ty21a oral vaccine for pregnant patients.

Anemia pada ibu hamil masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan yang berkontribusi terhadap tingginya angka kematian ibu dan bayi di Indonesia. Anemia dalam kehamilan dapat meningkatkan risiko perdarahan postpartum, persalinan prematur, berat badan lahir rendah, serta komplikasi lainnya pada ibu dan janin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melaksanakan asuhan kebidanan komunitas pada ibu hamil trimester II dengan anemia ringan di Dusun Bentek, Desa Menggala, Kecamatan Pemenang, Kabupaten Lombok Utara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus dengan pendekatan manajemen asuhan kebidanan meliputi pengkajian, analisis data, penentuan diagnosis, perencanaan, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Subjek penelitian adalah Ny. “R” usia 32 tahun G1P0A0H0 usia kehamilan 27 minggu dengan kadar hemoglobin 9,0 g/dL. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan bahwa ibu mengalami anemia ringan disertai kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai pentingnya konsumsi tablet tambah darah dan pemenuhan nutrisi selama kehamilan. Asuhan yang diberikan meliputi edukasi kesehatan, konseling gizi, pemberian tablet tambah darah, pemantauan kehamilan, serta kolaborasi dengan petugas gizi. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan ibu dan kepatuhan dalam mengonsumsi tablet tambah darah yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar hemoglobin menjadi 10,9 g/dL pada kunjungan ulang. Dengan demikian, asuhan kebidanan komunitas yang diberikan efektif dalam membantu mengatasi anemia ringan pada ibu hamil trimester II serta meningkatkan kesehatan ibu dan janin.

The pollution of the Ciliwung River caused by urban and commercial activities has become an increasingly critical environmental issue, reflecting the weak effectiveness of environmental law enforcement in urban areas. This condition is evident in the area surrounding Seasons City Mall, where ecological pressure resulting from domestic waste and commercial activities has contributed to the deterioration of river water quality. This study aims to analyze the implementation of environmental law enforcement, identify the obstacles to controlling pollution in the Ciliwung River, and formulate strategies for optimizing sustainable environmental protection. The research employs a qualitative approach using normative juridical and empirical methods through observation, interviews, documentation, and literature review. The findings reveal that environmental law enforcement has been implemented through administrative supervision and waste control mechanisms; however, its effectiveness remains limited due to weak inter-agency coordination, inadequate monitoring capacity, low compliance among business actors, and limited public participation. This study concludes that strengthening integrated supervision, enforcing consistent legal sanctions, and enhancing collaboration among government institutions, business sectors, and communities are essential to achieving sustainable pollution control and environmental protection of the Ciliwung River.

This study aims to analyze the Cambodian government's efforts to address human trafficking from a human security perspective. It employs a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing secondary data from relevant journals, reports, and academic publications. The findings indicate that human trafficking in Cambodia has evolved into a hub for digital-based fraud linked to transnational cybercrime networks. Victims face not only labor exploitation but are also coerced into participating in online fraudulent activities, such as romance scams. This surge in human trafficking is driven by weak law enforcement, high levels of corruption, low public digital literacy, and the rapid expansion of the online gambling industry and special economic zones, which serve as operational bases for criminal activities. The Cambodian government has implemented various measures regarding prevention, protection, and law enforcement through regulations, international cooperation, victim rescue operations, and anti-fraud campaigns. However, the effectiveness of these policies remains limited due to the state's constrained capacity and the ability of criminal networks to continuously adapt to advancements in digital technology. The study concludes that addressing human trafficking in Cambodia requires strengthened governance, more intensive international cooperation, and improved public digital literacy.

The management of Uninhabitable Houses (Rumah Tidak Layak Huni/RTLH) in Sikka Regency faces a critical challenge due to the high number of inadequate housing units distributed across both urban and rural areas with complex geographical characteristics. The primary obstacle to effective policy implementation stems from the limited capacity of local government interventions in improving housing quality on a sustainable basis, which is largely caused by poor-quality housing data and the absence of an integrated single-data information system. This policy paper aims to formulate an acceleration strategy for addressing RTLH through the reform of data governance that is accurate, efficient, and accountable. Using Eugene Bardach’s (2012) policy analysis framework to evaluate alternative solutions based on technical feasibility, economic viability, political acceptability, and administrative operability, this study identifies the transformation of intervention mechanisms based on the National Integrated Socio-Economic Data (Data Tunggal Sosial Ekonomi Nasional/DTSEN) as the most appropriate policy option. To ensure long-term sustainability, the paper recommends a Phased Convergence Strategy, whereby data cleansing and matching processes based on DTSEN are implemented at the upstream level and subsequently integrated into the “One Data RTLH Sikka” digital platform in the medium term. This operational strategy is further strengthened through the enactment of a Regent Regulation (Peraturan Bupati) on Data Governance and the Mechanism for Determining Eligible Beneficiaries of Decent Housing Assistance, providing a legally binding framework for policy implementation. By positioning village and urban ward governments as the frontline actors in conducting by-name-by-address (BNBA) field verification, the policy minimizes the risks of inclusion and exclusion errors, eliminates budget overlaps, and optimizes local innovative programs such as the TERKASIH House Assistance Scheme (Terima Kunci Siap Huni – “Receiving the Key to a Ready-to-Occupy House”). The implementation of these recommendations is expected to promote data-driven governance that accelerates the reduction of extreme poverty and enhances the effectiveness of housing assistance programs in Sikka Regency.

This study analyzes the regulatory gaps in digital forensics regarding the handling of natural resource crimes and the state’s constitutional responsibilities following the enactment of Law No. 1 of 2024. Modern natural resource crimes, such as illegal logging and illegal mining, have evolved to leverage digital technology, leaving complex electronic traces in the form of GPS data and digital documents. However, Indonesia still faces procedural gaps in the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), unclear technical standards (SNI 27037:2014 is voluntary in nature), and conflicts between the Information and Electronic Transactions Law (UU ITE) and sectoral NRE laws. This normative legal study employs legislative, conceptual, and case-based approaches. The research findings indicate that the absence of digital forensic authentication standards has fatal implications, as evidenced by the Sidoarjo District Court Decision No. 488/Pid.B/2024/PN Sda, which rejected electronic evidence. This situation constitutes state negligence (staatsverzuim) that violates Article 1(3) and Article 33(3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The study recommends the development of standard digital forensic procedures, the acceleration of ISO/IEC 17025 laboratory accreditation, and the harmonization of sectoral regulations

This study examines the urgency of foreign nationals' (WNA) legal status and visa compliance in the vehicle rental business in Bali, as well as its impact on business disputes involving local entrepreneurs. The increasing number of international tourists visiting Bali has spurred the growth of vehicle rental services, yet it has also given rise to illegal practices by foreign nationals such as misuse of tourist visas for commercial purposes, tax evasion, and unfair business competition. This research adopts a normative juridical method using statute, conceptual, and case approaches, referring to key legal documents including Law No. 6 of 2011 on Immigration, Law No. 6 of 2023 on Manpower, Ministerial Regulation No. 21 of 2016, and Bali Regional Regulation No. 5 of 2016 on Tour Guiding. The findings highlight the vulnerability of rental contracts under Article 1548 of the Indonesian Civil Code, risks of breach of contract, and widespread violations of the Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE) system, the penalties of which are imposed on rental owners. Nationality disparities and weak immigration oversight further undermine the effectiveness of law enforcement. This study concludes that legal protection for local business actors relies heavily on the legal clarity of WNA status, the appropriateness of 1 visa categories, and strong inter-agency coordination. The novelty of this research lies in integrating legal analysis of WNA legitimacy with a dispute resolution framework specific to the vehicle rental sector in Bali’s tourism landscape a perspective that has been largely overlooked in prior studies. The recommendations include strengthening rental contracts, enhancing coordinated supervisory mechanisms, and harmonizing civil and criminal law to establish a stronger deterrent effect.

Public health is an important indicator of the success of regional development and the quality of public services. Local governments play a strategic role in the provision of healthcare services through adaptive, effective, and community-oriented policies. This study aims to analyze local government policies in addressing public health issues through a literature review approach. The research method employed a literature study by examining scientific journals, laws and regulations, books, and policy documents related to regional health policies in Indonesia. The findings indicate that regional health policies are influenced by decentralization, fiscal capacity, the quality of governance, and inter-institutional synergy. Policy implementation continues to face several challenges, including limited budgets, low quality of healthcare human resources, unequal access to healthcare services, and weak intersectoral coordination. However, public service innovation and the strengthening of good governance have proven effective in improving healthcare service delivery. This study emphasizes that the success of regional health policies is determined by government commitment, community participation, integration between central and local policies, institutional strengthening, budget optimization, and service innovations based on community needs.

The problem of stunting is still a serious issue in health development in Indonesia because it has an impact on the quality of human resources. This study aims to analyze the efforts of the Pagomogo Village Government in handling stunting. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. Informants were determined using purposive sampling consisting of village governments, health workers, cadres, and the community. The results of the study show that the village government has implemented various programs, such as Supplementary Feeding (PMT), strengthening Human Development Cadres (KPM), improving services through community institutions, and sanitation development. However, the implementation of the program has not been optimal because it is still constrained by economic factors, low public awareness, limited counseling, and access to clean water. This study concludes that the main problem does not lie in the availability of programs, but in the implementation and sustainability aspects. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen community empowerment, improve education, and evaluate results-based programs.

This study aims to explore issues faced by students and the contribution of guidance and counseling (BK) services in addressing various challenges at MTSN Cirebon. The issues studied include low levels of discipline, school withdrawal behavior, lack of learning motivation, and smoking habits among students. This study employed a qualitative, descriptive approach. Participants in the study consisted of BK teachers, students, and student organizations (OSIM and MPK) selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using an interactive model involving data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Its validity was tested through triangulation of sources and techniques. The findings of this study indicate that the issues faced by students are influenced by internal and external factors, such as lack of self-awareness, low learning motivation, environmental impacts, and excessive use of social media. BK services play a vital role in addressing these issues through preventive and curative approaches, as well as collaboration between teachers, students, parents, and school organizations. In addition, consistent discipline, engaging learning methods, and monitoring of student behavior are also crucial elements in problem-solving efforts. This research confirms that resolving student issues requires a comprehensive and collaborative approach across all parties within the school environment. Guidance and counseling services play a strategic role in supporting students in overcoming challenges and developing their full potential.

According to the WHO and the Ministry of Health, hypertension is defined as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg, consistent with the ESC/ESH guidelines. Hypertension is one of the leading causes of premature death worldwide. Symptoms experienced by patients with hypertension include headaches, sweating, palpitations, snoring, daytime sleepiness, muscle weakness, cramps, and cardiac arrhythmia. Clinical manifestations of hypertensive urgency include elevated blood pressure, severe headache, anxiety, and shortness of breath. Mrs. M, a 68-year-old woman, came to the Samudera Community Health Center complaining of a headache that had worsened approximately 3 days ago. The headache is felt at the back of the head, feeling heavy, and sometimes radiates throughout the entire head. The patient also describes the headache as throbbing. The headache was exacerbated when the patient could not sleep, consumed salty foods, and did not take her medication regularly.  The headache subsides slightly when the patient takes medication and sleeps with their head elevated.  The patient reported that the symptoms were also accompanied by nausea, dizziness, palpitations, and an inability to sleep at night. The patient has been diagnosed with hypertension for approximately 5 years. On physical examination, the patient’s blood pressure was 190/100 mmHg. The patient was advised to adopt a healthy diet by reducing salt intake. The patient was also prescribed the following medications: Captopril 25 mg twice daily, Amlodipine 5 mg once daily, Paracetamol 500 mg three times daily, and Domperidone 10 mg twice daily, to be taken as needed.

This study examines the environmental advocacy strategies carried out by WALHI Jambi in addressing the pollution of the Batanghari River caused by illegal gold mining activities. This issue reflects ongoing environmental degradation and weak policy enforcement in managing natural resources. The study aims to analyze advocacy practices in terms of raising public awareness, community organizing, and influencing policy. A qualitative approach with a case study method was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis. The findings show that WALHI Jambi has undertaken various advocacy efforts, including media campaigns, public actions, community assistance, and engagement in policy forums. However, these efforts remain not fully optimal. Public awareness initiatives are still limited to information dissemination, community organizing has not yet developed into a strong collective movement, and policy influence is constrained by the absence of systematic instruments such as formal documentation, litigation, and structured coalitions. This study contributes to the understanding of environmental advocacy practices and highlights the need for strengthening advocacy strategies to achieve more effective policy influence and sustainable environmental governance.

Emesis gravidarum pada kehamilan trimester I merupakan salah satu ketidaknyamanan yang sering dialami ibu hamil dan dapat memengaruhi status kesehatan ibu apabila tidak ditangani dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melaksanakan asuhan kebidanan komunitas pada ibu hamil trimester I dengan keluhan mual muntah di Dusun Karang Petak, Kecamatan Pemenang, Kabupaten Lombok Utara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus dengan pendekatan manajemen asuhan kebidanan meliputi pengkajian, analisis data, penegakan diagnosis, perencanaan, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Subjek penelitian adalah Ny. “K” usia 31 tahun G2P1A0H1 usia kehamilan 9–10 minggu dengan keluhan mual muntah pada pagi dan malam hari disertai penurunan nafsu makan. Asuhan yang diberikan meliputi edukasi kesehatan mengenai ketidaknyamanan kehamilan trimester I, konseling nutrisi, anjuran makan sedikit tetapi sering, konsumsi tablet tambah darah, serta pemenuhan kebutuhan istirahat. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan ibu dan keluarga mengenai penanganan mual muntah selama kehamilan, penurunan frekuensi mual muntah, serta peningkatan kondisi umum ibu yang ditandai dengan kenaikan berat badan dari 55 kg menjadi 57 kg. Dengan demikian, asuhan kebidanan komunitas efektif dalam membantu mengatasi ketidaknyamanan kehamilan trimester I serta meningkatkan kesehatan ibu hamil.

Masa postpartum atau masa nifas merupakan periode yang dimulai setelah lahirnya plasenta hingga sistem reproduksi ibu kembali ke kondisi sebelum kehamilan, yaitu sekitar enam minggu. Pada periode ini, ibu mengalami berbagai perubahan fisiologis dan psikologis yang dapat memengaruhi kondisi emosional. Perubahan hormon, adaptasi terhadap peran baru sebagai ibu, serta tuntutan perawatan bayi dapat menimbulkan stres dan kecemasan. Apabila kondisi ini tidak tertangani dengan baik, ibu berisiko mengalami gangguan psikologis yang lebih berat seperti depresi postpartum. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya penanganan yang efektif, aman, dan mudah diterapkan, salah satunya melalui pendekatan nonfarmakologis. Herbal steambath menjadi salah satu terapi komplementer yang dipercaya dapat memberikan efek relaksasi, meningkatkan kenyamanan tubuh, melancarkan sirkulasi darah, serta membantu menurunkan tingkat kecemasan pada ibu postpartum. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi eksperimen dengan pendekatan one group pretest–posttest design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 36 ibu postpartum yang berada di PMB Pudji Widyastuti dan PMB Yulia Anggraini. Pengukuran tingkat kecemasan dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Wilcoxon untuk melihat perbedaan tingkat kecemasan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi herbal steambath. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat penurunan tingkat kecemasan yang signifikan setelah diberikan intervensi herbal steambath dengan nilai p value = 0,001 (< 0,05). Sebelum intervensi, sebagian besar responden berada pada kategori kecemasan ringan hingga sedang, sedangkan setelah intervensi terjadi penurunan tingkat kecemasan secara bermakna. Dengan demikian, herbal steambath terbukti berpengaruh signifikan dalam menurunkan kecemasan ibu postpartum dan dapat direkomendasikan sebagai salah satu intervensi nonfarmakologis dalam mendukung kesehatan mental ibu pada masa nifas.

This study aims to analyze the strategies for handling bad debts at the Maju Terus Employee Cooperative at SMK Yohanes XXIII Maumere. The main problem faced by the cooperative is the increasing bad debts, most of which come from member arrears on daily transactions through the cash-on-account system, such as purchasing office stationery and photocopy services. This condition affects the cooperative's liquidity and reduces the effectiveness of services to members. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation during internship activities. The research results indicate that the main causes of bad debts include low member discipline, lack of supervision, and weak credit management systems. Strategies that can be applied to address these issues include rescheduling payments, establishing stricter credit rules, increasing supervision, as well as providing guidance and education to members on the importance of responsibility in payments. The implementation of these strategies is expected to improve the quality of credit management, maintain the financial stability of the cooperative, and increase the members' welfare sustainably.