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Artikel ini bertolak dari kenyataan bahwa banyak umat telah mendengar sabda Allah dalam Liturgi dan pengajaran Gereja, namun belum sepenuhnya menghidupinya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Situasi ini menegaskan pentingnya katekese sebagai proses pembinaan iman yang berkelanjutan, yang tidak hanya menekankan aspek pengetahuan, tetapi juga penghayatan dan perwujutan iman dalam tindakan nyata. Tulisan ini bertujuan merefleksikan katekese sebagai jalan pembinaan iman umat yang menuntun dari sabda menuju kehidupan. Fokus kajian artikel ini adalah peran katekese dalam membantu umat dewasa mengintegrasikan sabda Allah kedalam realitas hidup sehari-hari, baik dalam keluarga, pekerjaan, maupun kehidupan sosial. Metode yang digunakan adalah refleksi teologis pastoral dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui studi literatur gereja dan pengalaman hidup umat. Pendekatan ini menekankan ketertarikan antara pewartaan sabda, pendampingan iman, serta partisiasi aktif umat dalam proses pembinaan. Hasil refleksi menunjukkan bahwa katekese yang kontekstual, dialogis, dan berpusat pada sabda Allah, mampu menumbuhkan iman yang lebih dewasa, sadar, dan tanggung jawab. Melalui katekese, umat tidak hanya memahami ajran iman secara intelektual, tetapi juga didorong untuk menghidupinya dalam sikap kasih, pelayanan, dan kesaksian di tengah masyarakat. Pembinaan iman yang berkelanjutan menjadi sarana penting untuk membentuk umat yang tangguh dalam menghadapi tantangan zaman dan tetap berakar pada nilai-nilai injil. Dengan demikian, katekese sebagai jalan pembinaan iman memiliki peran strategis dalam menjembatani sabda Allah dengan kehidupan konkrit umat. Pembaharuan metode dan pendekatan katekese yang relevan dengan konteks umat masa kini sangat diperlukan agar proses dari sabda menuju kehidupan dapat berlangsung secara nyata, mendalam, dan berkelanjutan dalam kehidupan Gereja. Kata kunci: katekese, sabda Allah, pembinaan iman, umat dewasa, kehidupan kristen

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed various sectors of human life, including church ministry and religious organizational management. This study aims to analyze Christian leadership ethics in the use of AI within modern church ministry. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method through theological literature review and analysis of recent studies concerning digital technology and pastoral ministry. The findings indicate that AI provides significant benefits for church administration, digital communication, congregational data management, and online evangelism. Nevertheless, ethical challenges also emerge, such as the weakening of pastoral relationships, data privacy concerns, algorithmic bias, and the risk of dehumanization in ministry practices. From a Christian theological perspective, ministry is fundamentally relational and incarnational, reflecting the example of Jesus Christ who ministered through personal presence, compassion, and direct interaction with people. Therefore, AI should be understood as a supportive instrument rather than a substitute for spiritual authority and pastoral presence. Christian leadership in the digital age must be grounded in integrity, transparency, spiritual discernment, and respect for human dignity as the image of God (imago Dei). This study contributes to the development of ethical guidelines for churches in utilizing AI responsibly while maintaining theological integrity and Christian spiritual values.

Divorce has become an increasingly common reality in Christian family life and poses serious challenges for the church in carrying out pastoral family ministry. Theologically, divorce stands in tension with Christian ethics, which views marriage as a sacred and covenantal institution established by God. This article aims to analyze Christian ethics regarding divorce from a biblical theological perspective and to examine its implications for family ministry within the context of Ketapang, West Kalimantan. This study employs a qualitative research method with a theological-normative and contextual approach through a literature review of biblical texts, theological books, and scholarly journals. The findings indicate that Scripture affirms marriage as God’s ideal will, while divorce is understood as a consequence of human sinfulness and relational brokenness. In the context of Ketapang, social, economic, and cultural factors contribute significantly to the vulnerability of families to divorce. Therefore, the church is called to develop a contextual family ministry that not only upholds Christian ethical norms but also embodies love, justice, forgiveness, and restoration for broken families. This article emphasizes that Christian ethics concerning divorce must be practiced pastorally and transformatively within the life of the local church.

This study aims to describe the application of management functions in pastoral care for PLHIV. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques through observation and interviews. The study was conducted at the HKBP AIDS Ministry (HAM) Balige. Research Findings indicate that the implementation of pastoral care management functions such as planning, organizing, implementing, monitoring and evaluation has been carried out well. The planning stage generally concerns the foundation's readiness to provide assistance in the form of data collection on the identity of the assisted, infrastructure, and scheduling. The organizing stage includes the division of personnel tasks, the formation of peer groups as service partners. The implementation stage is the aspect of implementing pastoral care with the aim of realizing assistance for PLHIV through early detection facilities, providing medication to PLHIV, and educating the community in the form of socialization or seminars. The monitoring stage is carried out by monitoring the progress of the assisted through ARV compliance forms. Meanwhile, evaluation of pastoral care for PLHIV is carried out in weekly meetings to ensure all activities are carried out properly. The implications of these findings support the principle of the importance of managerial aspects in pastoral care so that the assistance is more effective, structured and sustainable so that efforts to improve the quality of life and the healing process of PLHIV can be enhanced.

This study examines the integration of Irau cultural values into Catholic Church ministry in Malinau through the approach of inculturation. The Irau festival, as a cultural heritage of the Dayak community, contains social and spiritual values such as togetherness, brotherhood, and gratitude. The study employs a qualitative method with a library research approach, analyzing Catholic Church documents, literature on inculturation theology, anthropiological studies on Dayak culture, and publications related to Malinau. The results indicate that integrating Irau cultural elements, such as music, dance, and traditional symbols that align with Catholic teaching, can enrich liturgy and pastoral ministry. This inculturation helps Catholics experience their faith contextually while respecting their cultural identity. A selective process is necessary to purify cultural elements that conflict with faith, enabling the Church to be an integral part of Malinau society.

Cross-cultural ministry is a tangible manifestation of the Great Commission of Christ, which calls the church to reach all nations without geographical or cultural boundaries. This article describes the experience of spiritual ministry among the diaspora Christian community in the Middle East conducted by a team from the Kerusso Theological Seminary of Indonesia. The activity not only aimed to strengthen the faith of the congregation living under cultural and social pressures but also served as a means of nurturing contextual Christian spirituality and character. Through revival services, Bible teaching, and pastoral accompaniment, the congregation experienced a genuine transformation of faith—from weakness to steadfastness and hope. This study affirms that cross-cultural ministry is not merely a mission activity but a concrete expression of transformative and participatory Christian education. It demonstrates that when ministry is carried out with contextual understanding and empathy, profound spiritual change can occur even amid intercultural challenges.

Penelitian ini mengkaji pengalaman umat Stasi Ibu Teresa Sei Hanyu dalam membangun Gereja Sinodal, sebuah model gereja yang menekankan partisipasi aktif dan kolaborasi seluruh umat beriman. Melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi partisipan selama tiga minggu, studi ini mengungkap bagaimana prinsip-prinsip sinodalitas diterapkan di tingkat akar rumput. Temuan utama menunjukkan bahwa Stasi Ibu Teresa telah mengimplementasikan berbagai inisiatif untuk mewujudkan Gereja Sinodal, termasuk dialog antar umat, pemberdayaan kelompok kategorial, dan peningkatan partisipasi dalam liturgi serta pelayanan sosial. Meskipun menghadapi tantangan seperti resistensi terhadap perubahan dan kesenjangan generasi, stasi ini berhasil menciptakan ruang dialog yang memungkinkan suara-suara beragam untuk didengar dan dihargai. Dampak penerapan prinsip Gereja Sinodal terlihat dalam peningkatan keterlibatan umat dalam pengambilan keputusan gereja dan penguatan relasi sosial antar umat. Kolaborasi antara Stasi Ibu Teresa dengan Paroki induk juga mengalami peningkatan, terutama dalam perencanaan pastoral dan pelaksanaan program pembinaan iman. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa transformasi menuju model gereja yang lebih partisipatif dan inklusif membutuhkan komitmen dan keterlibatan aktif dari seluruh umat. Stasi Ibu Teresa mendemonstrasikan bahwa prinsip-prinsip sinodalitas dapat diterapkan secara konkret di tingkat lokal, memberikan kontribusi pada visi Gereja Katolik universal yang lebih inklusif dan responsif.

This study examines the quality of a servant of God based on II Timothy 1:6–8 as a foundation for church development and spiritual growth. In reality, the role of God’s servant is often underestimated compared to other leadership roles in society, even though their quality greatly influences the life of the congregation and the direction of church ministry. The purpose of this research is to analyze the criteria for a quality servant of God in ministry, particularly in facing the challenges of the postmodern era, when relativism, individualism, and secularism often weaken spiritual commitment. The method used is a qualitative-analytical approach, with the primary data source being the biblical text of II Timothy 1:6–8, supported by secondary data obtained from theological literature, books, and relevant journal articles. Through exegesis and contextual analysis, this study identifies several essential criteria: the rekindling of spiritual gifts, the spirit of power, love, and self-discipline, as well as the courage to endure suffering for the sake of the Gospel. These characteristics are not only theological ideals but also practical demands for ministers who serve in a complex cultural and social environment. The findings of this study are expected to provide theoretical contributions to theological scholarship, particularly in the field of pastoral leadership and ecclesiology. In addition, the study offers practical guidance for church ministers in developing resilience, integrity, and Christ-centered leadership. The implication emphasizes that servant leadership rooted in character, love, obedience, and readiness to endure suffering is essential for strengthening faith, encouraging church growth, and glorifying God’s name. Therefore, the criteria outlined in II Timothy 1:6–8 remain highly relevant as a timeless foundation for effective ministry in the postmodern context

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran gembala dalam menumbuhkan iman jemaat berdasarkan Mazmur 23:1–6. Gembala dalam konteks Alkitab dipahami sebagai figur yang menuntun, melindungi, dan memelihara umat Allah, yang dalam pelayanan gereja diterjemahkan melalui pengajaran, konseling, teladan hidup, dan strategi pastoral. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif, di mana data diperoleh melalui studi literatur, observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi di lingkungan Gereja Gerakan Pentakosta (GGP) Sanggabuana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gembala memiliki peran penting sebagai teladan rohani, pembimbing iman, serta fasilitator transformasi jemaat melalui strategi penggembalaan yang efektif. Peran ini berdampak pada meningkatnya kesetiaan, kerendahan hati, serta keteguhan iman jemaat dalam menghadapi tantangan kehidupan. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa keberhasilan pertumbuhan iman jemaat sangat ditentukan oleh kualitas penggembalaan yang dijalankan oleh gembala sidang secara konsisten dan kontekstual.

Indonesia's diversity is a necessity to be denied, the deep-rooted Plurality must be maintained. Bhinneka Tunggal Ika and Pancasila as the breath and pulse of the nation must be lived and live for the nation. Diversity as a gift of God is an extraordinary potential, but it is necessary to be aware of the potential for conflict, tearing the weaving of the golden thread of plurality. The Holy Father's apostolic trip to the UAE gave birth to a brotherhood document, an invitation to cooperation and interfaith dialogue with Imam Al Azhar Ahmad el-Tayeb. Similarly, what happened in Our Lady of Cirebon Parish as a research locus. According to the doctrinal teaching, the Church voices the placement of others as brothers. This qualitative method research aims to explore the relevance of Abu Dhabi documents to the services of Interfaith Relations and Parish Beliefs, the practice of religious moderation of the people, inhibiting factors, supporting factors, efforts to encourage supporting factors, and suppressing inhibiting factors. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with fourteen informants consisting of Catholics, representatives of each religion in Cirebon, representatives of Sundanese Wiwitan believers, and cultural experts using purposive sampling, observation, and documentation techniques. The results of the data show that twelve focuses of the Abu Dhabi document brotherhood have been applied in the service of the Sie Interfaith Relations and Parish Beliefs but have not been maximized and continue to be sought to be intact. Fanaticism, lack of team cohesiveness, and fear of the people are inhibiting factors. The Church has supported since the Second Vatican Council echoed interfaith cooperation. The Pastoral Focus of the Diocese of Bandung is a supporter in this study. So the effort is to initiate activities with fraternal nuances, and the role of the parish pastor in his pastoral mutual aid is to introduce documents to the grassroots. The answer to this study proves that the people of Cirebon can live harmoniously side by side with different ones. In line with the manuscript of Serat Carub Kandha through a philological approach, as a collective memory of the ancestral heritage in building a harmonious Cirebon.    

Indonesia's diversity is a necessity to be denied, the deep-rooted Plurality must be maintained. Bhinneka Tunggal Ika and Pancasila as the breath and pulse of the nation must be lived and live for the nation. Diversity as a gift of God is an extraordinary potential, but it is necessary to be aware of the potential for conflict, tearing the weaving of the golden thread of plurality. The Holy Father's apostolic trip to the UAE gave birth to a brotherhood document, an invitation to cooperation and interfaith dialogue with Imam Al Azhar Ahmad el-Tayeb. Similarly, what happened in Our Lady of Cirebon Parish as a research locus. According to the doctrinal teaching, the Church voices the placement of others as brothers. This qualitative method research aims to explore the relevance of Abu Dhabi documents to the services of Interfaith Relations and Parish Beliefs, the practice of religious moderation of the people, inhibiting factors, supporting factors, efforts to encourage supporting factors, and suppressing inhibiting factors. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with fourteen informants consisting of Catholics, representatives of each religion in Cirebon, representatives of Sundanese Wiwitan believers, and cultural experts using purposive sampling, observation, and documentation techniques. The results of the data show that twelve focuses of the Abu Dhabi document brotherhood have been applied in the service of the Sie Interfaith Relations and Parish Beliefs but have not been maximized and continue to be sought to be intact. Fanaticism, lack of team cohesiveness, and fear of the people are inhibiting factors. The Church has supported since the Second Vatican Council echoed interfaith cooperation. The Pastoral Focus of the Diocese of Bandung is a supporter in this study. So the effort is to initiate activities with fraternal nuances, and the role of the parish pastor in his pastoral mutual aid is to introduce documents to the grassroots. The answer to this study proves that the people of Cirebon can live harmoniously side by side with different ones. In line with the manuscript of Serat Carub Kandha through a philological approach, as a collective memory of the ancestral heritage in building a harmonious Cirebon.    

Aborsi merupakan salah satu isu etis paling kompleks yang terus menjadi perdebatan dalam diskursus publik dan keagamaan, termasuk dalam konteks Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan bagaimana prinsip-prinsip deontologi dan teleologi dalam etika Kristen membentuk pandangan terhadap praktik aborsi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif jenis studi pustaka normatif-deskriptif dengan analisis etika komparatif melalui kajian literatur teologi dan dokumen gereja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pandangan deontologis menekankan nilai intrinsik kehidupan sejak konsepsi berdasarkan perintah ilahi yang mutlak, sementara teleologi mempertimbangkan konsekuensi aborsi bagi individu maupun masyarakat guna mencapai kebaikan terbesar atau mengurangi penderitaan. Kedua pendekatan ini saling melengkapi, meski sering menciptakan ketegangan dalam menentukan sikap. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam memperkaya diskursus etika Kristen di Indonesia serta menawarkan kerangka analitis bagi pelayanan pastoral dan pendidikan teologi.

Leadership in ministry is very important, especially in today's digital era with various target congregations in a church. Gen Z, which is the generation that dominates the population in Indonesia, is certainly of interest for the author to be able to know more about the various transformations that have occurred. The author is aware that the study of this transformation is very broad so that the challenge of pastoral leadership in the ministry of gen z in this digital era is the focus of this study. With this study, it is hoped that the author can participate in providing comprehensive information about the challenges of pastoral leadership in the ministry of gen z in the digital era, the factors that influence and how solutions can be done to face these challenges.

Pastoral ministry is a divine calling that demands faithfulness, vigilance, and wholehearted love in caring for God’s flock. However, in the reality of ministry, many church shepherds face complex and burdensome challenges in fulfilling this responsibility. A failure to understand and implement authority based on the character of Christ often becomes the root problem in pastoral ministry. This study aims to explore the dynamics of pastoral ministry in the context of today’s church, particularly in light of 1 Peter 5:1–4. The approach used is qualitative descriptive, based on a literature review, with a focus on relevant theological and pastoral works. The findings reveal that many pastors experience spiritual and emotional exhaustion, especially when their ministry lacks support from an adequate organizational structure, or when the congregation’s expectations are misaligned with the church’s mission. In this context, true shepherding—as explained by figures such as Bill Lawrence and Phil Pringle—must be rooted in Christ as the Head of the Church. A pastor is called to serve with humility, not to dominate or pursue personal interests. Furthermore, a deep understanding of the biblical metaphor concerning the relationship between shepherd and sheep is essential to avoid distortions in meaning and deviant ministry practices. An emphasis on love, responsibility, and exemplary conduct becomes the foundational framework for building an integrous pastoral ministry. This study concludes that pastoral ministry will be more effective when supported by clear church organizational policies, a deep theological foundation, and pure ministry motivations. Thus, pastoral ministry is not merely an administrative task, but a manifestation of God's love expressed through the lives of His servants.

This study is a qualitative study with data collection methods through tests and interviews. Respondents consisted of young men and women, elders, and parents. The purpose of the study was to determine the perceptions of young men and women towards the role and strategy of pastoral service in character building at GKPI Silaban Margu Resort Doloksanggul I, Humbang Hasundutan Regency. The character that is built is based on the character of Christ, including attitudes such as honesty, responsibility, discipline, respect, and values ​​such as self-confidence, patience, caution, and trustworthiness. Pastors play an important role in guiding young men and women through service and planning activities that support character building. In addition, pastors are expected to be able to be present and actively involved among young men and women, provide positive influences, and encourage character growth that is in accordance with Christian values ​​to support church growth.

This study aims to determine the role of pastoral care in motivating the congregation to attend Sunday services at GKPI Simangaronsang Resort Doloksanggul. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The lack of congregation motivation is caused by faith that has not grown, personal problems, economic problems, and conflicts between congregations and with church leaders. The results of the study indicate that the role of pastors and elders in motivating the congregation has not been maximized. Pastoral care such as visits and coaching of the congregation is very important to build motivation and strengthen faith and the relationship between the congregation and the church. Therefore, pastoral care is a vital aspect in church life and the motivation of congregational worship.

Penelitian ini meneliti peran pemuridan gereja dalam mendorong pertumbuhan dan kedewasaan rohani jemaat, dengan menggunakan Gereja Gerakan Pentakosta Immanuel Bogor sebagai studi kasus. Gereja dipanggil untuk berfungsi sebagai sekolah rohani, memperlengkapi jemaat untuk menerapkan iman mereka dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dan bertumbuh dalam karakter yang selaras dengan ajaran Kristen. Meskipun telah melakukan ibadah rutin dan berbagai kegiatan pastoral, jemaat sering kali tidak mengalami pertumbuhan rohani yang signifikan, yang disebabkan oleh kurangnya fokus pada program pemuridan yang terstruktur.Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif yang didasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip alkitabiah, penelitian ini mengungkapkan korelasi yang signifikan antara upaya pemuridan dan pertumbuhan rohani jemaat. Temuan-temuan menyoroti bahwa materi pemuridan yang sistematis dan relevan secara kontekstual secara efektif meningkatkan pertumbuhan rohani. Lebih lanjut, Efesus 4:11-16 menggarisbawahi pentingnya memperlengkapi jemaat untuk pelayanan, mencapai kesatuan dalam iman, dan menjadi dewasa di dalam Kristus.Studi ini menekankan perlunya pemuridan strategis yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan jemaat, yang mencakup anak-anak, remaja, wanita, dan orang dewasa. Penelitian ini menyerukan pergeseran prioritas gereja dari infrastruktur fisik ke pendidikan rohani para anggota. Selain memberikan wawasan yang berharga, penelitian lebih lanjut direkomendasikan untuk mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pertumbuhan rohani dalam konteks gereja yang berbeda, untuk memastikan keberlanjutan dampak pemuridan.

Spiritual growth of Youth is the process of growing in size or growing in the spirituality and context of Christianity. Spiritual growth involves trying to guide individuals who do not yet have a personal attachment to Jesus Christ toward a connection with Him, so that they can become part of God's responsible community [Latif Helen Farida, "The Influence of Teaching and Fellowship on the Spiritual Growth of Children and Adolescents," Christian Theology and Ministry (2017), 120.]. Rotto Marinus, means that spiritual growth is to provide teaching in the truth of God's word which is sown through teaching and fellowship. Therefore, in the context of pastoral ministry, a pastor of the congregation needs to teach the truth of God's word to Youth members. The pastor of the congregation plays a role in encouraging all members of the Youth to increase their spiritual growth. Good spiritual growth is greatly appreciated by Christ Jesus through His words. This study aims to explain the role of pastoral ministry on the spiritual growth of youth in the Church of the Indonesia Christian Church, Gospel of the Majapahit Satellite Kingdom, Semarang. To answer the problems and objectives of the research, qualitative research methods are used by applying data collection. The result of the research to be achieved is that the pastor of the church as a spiritual leader who plays an intense role in order to be able to increase the spiritual growth of youth well according to the teachings of Jesus in His word.

This research is motivated by the leadership of the wife of a pastor whose husband died in continuing the transition of service as pastor of the congregation. After the death of the husband who was the church pastor, the duties and responsibilities of church ministry were automatically assigned to the wife as the continuing pastor. After being approved as continuing pastor, the wife will play a very important role, her role will be the same as the previous pastor, carrying out congregational pastoral services such as pulpit service, embracing, guiding, nurturing, serving and leading as well as building relationships with congregation members and servants. The differences in leadership of wives whose husbands die will be directly visible when carrying out their duties and responsibilities as pastors of the congregation which will have an impact on the effectiveness of the ministry. Therefore this research takes the topic “duties and responsibilitities of a pastor’s wife whose husband dies on the effectiveness of services at the muliorejo gospel spreading church”. With the aim of the research to determine and analyze the transition of duties of a pastor's wife whose husband died on the effectiveness of service at the muliorejo gospel spreading church and to find out and analyze the responsibilities of a pastor's wife whose husband has died regarding the effectiveness of the ministry at the muliorejo gospel spreading church. This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods, the data obtained in this research used an interview approach and recorded conversations via cellphone recordings with 12 informants. The conclusion obtained from this research is that there was a change in duties experienced by the wife of a shepherd whose husband died, this change was due to a change in duties with a different position status. From previously only being a companion to her husband who was the pastor of the congregation, she has now become a continuing pastor because of her husband's death. With the task that the mother shepherd received as continuing shepherd at the muliorejo gospel spreading church making him a person who is full of love, has a high caring nature, is firm in leading and practicing a holy life so as to support the effectiveness of ministry in the church. The leadership responsibility of a pastor's wife whose husband has died directly contributes to the effectiveness of the ministry at the muliorejo gospel spreading church. The effectiveness of the service that occurs at the muliorejo gospel spreading church is carrying out physical construction of the church, experiencing an increase in the number of souls, increasing church activity programs and opening a new church branch which will be ratified on May 5, 2024.  

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that influence the lack of Integrity of Elder Service in GKPPD Buluh Tellang. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach method by conducting interviews with elders in GKPPD Buluh Tellang. The results of the study showed that there were two factors influencing elders, namely internal factors and external factors in carrying out service duties in the church, they must have the intention and courage to serve or carry out God's calling so that through the courage of the elders in GKPPD Buluh Tellang they do not forget the eldership received through external factors. pastoral care is very important in increasing the activeness of the elders in carrying out service, so that through interviews that have been conducted by the author that the elders already have an understanding of their goals as elders and with encouragement from external factors the elders carry out their duties and obligations as good servants and are increasing. The conclusion is that it shows that some elders lack confidence in carrying out their duties and responsibilities as servants because there are several things, namely the lack of confidence of the elders in leading worship (not PD), low human resources of the elders, lack of encouragement or motivation and support from the family and the most unpleasant is the political factor.