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Limbah kulit Jeruk peras , yang sering dibuang dan menimbulkan masalah lingkungan, sebenarnya memiliki potensi besar untuk dimanfaatkan kembali. Kulit Jeruk peras  mengandung minyak atsiri yang dapat diolah menjadi reed diffuser, pengharum ruangan alami yang ramah lingkungan. Namun, pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pemanfaatan kulit Jeruk peras  masih terbatas. Siswa SMA, sebagai generasi muda yang sedang mempersiapkan diri untuk dunia kerja atau wirausaha, dapat memainkan peran penting dalam mengembangkan inovasi ini. Melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan, siswa SMA dapat mempelajari proses pembuatan reed diffuser dari kulit Jeruk peras , mulai dari ekstraksi minyak atsiri hingga pengemasan produk. Hal ini tidak hanya melatih keterampilan teknis dan kreativitas, tetapi juga membuka peluang kewirausahaan. Pemanfaatan kulit Jeruk peras  untuk reed diffuser sejalan dengan prinsip ekonomi sirkular dan pembangunan berkelanjutan, yang menekankan pemanfaatan sumber daya secara efisien. Dengan menguasai keterampilan ini, siswa SMA dapat berkontribusi dalam mengurangi limbah organik sekaligus menciptakan produk bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Ini juga mendukung visi pendidikan SMA untuk menciptakan lulusan yang kompeten, kreatif, dan siap bersaing di dunia kerja. Pengabdian masyarakat kali ini dilaksanakan di SMA Islam 1 Surakarta, Kota Surakarta.

A crucial issue currently facing the Church is its stance on building good and harmonious relationships with all other belief systems within its own community. Although dogmatically the Church explicitly expresses its openness to all religious practices and piety lived out by the faithful according to their traditional beliefs, the Church remains cautious so that in building relationships through dialogue, the traditions of the Church are not lost. This paper aims to highlight the relationship between the Catholic faith and the traditional belief system of the Manggarai people in light of the dogmatic constitution Nostra Aetate. Nostra Aetate is one of the key documents resulting from the Second Vatican Council that addresses the current reality of religious diversity. Through this document, the Church seeks to declare its commitment to reflecting on the fact that all humanity shares a single origin and a single ultimate goal: God Himself. The beliefs or religious system of the Manggarai people is implicitly monotheistic, namely Mori Jari dedek Ema pu’un kuasa. On this basis, the Church sees that the same concept exists in Catholic doctrine. In this study, the author uses qualitative research with a text analysis approach. Text analysis is a methodology in qualitative research that aims to interpret and analyze texts based on their context.

This study aims to analyze the role of parents in fostering adolescents' moral development and to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors in this process in Karya Jaya Village, Buton Regency. This research is motivated by the importance of adolescence as a critical developmental stage that is highly vulnerable to environmental influences, thus requiring optimal moral guidance, especially from the family as the first and primary educational institution. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach. The research subjects consist of 30 parents and adolescents selected through purposive sampling. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation to obtain in-depth and comprehensive data. The data analysis technique uses the Miles and Huberman model, which consists of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results show that parents play a significant role in moral development through role modeling, habituation of moral and religious values, effective communication, and supervision of adolescents' behavior in daily life. Parental role modeling is a key factor in shaping adolescents’ moral behavior, as adolescents tend to imitate what they observe within the family environment. Supporting factors include harmonious family conditions, active parental involvement, and a positive social environment. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors include parents' busyness, lack of supervision, and the influence of technology and peer environment. Therefore, the role of parents is crucial in shaping positive moral behavior among adolescents.

Communication within the family, especially between parents and children, is an important foundation for the development of a child's personality, emotions, and social skills. The purpose of this writing is to identify the types of parental communication styles, analyze the factors that influence them, examine their impact on child development, and provide practical recommendations to improve the effectiveness of communication patterns within the family. The method used in writing this paper is a literature study. The discussion results show that there are three main types of parental communication styles: permissive, authoritarian, and democratic. The permissive style tends to give the child unlimited freedom, the authoritarian style emphasizes control and obedience, while the democratic style encourages openness and mutual respect. The choice of communication style is influenced by various factors such as educational background, culture, past experiences, and the socio-economic conditions of parents. Each communication style has a different impact on the emotional, social, and cognitive development of children. The democratic style is considered the most effective in optimally supporting child development. This article provides recommendations to parents to increase knowledge about dialogical-based parenting, practice assertive communication skills, give children space to express their opinions, and build a family culture that is open and mutually respectful.

Parental violence against children constitutes a serious violation of their human rights, as guaranteed by Article 5 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Article 19 of the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child. It is also contrary to Indonesia’s family law system, as set out in Law No. 35 of 2014 on Child Protection. This study aims to analyse the forms of such violence and formulate a holistic, restorative strategy to restore children’s human rights. Using a normative-empirical approach involving the analysis of legal documents, court rulings and 2023 data from the National Commission on Violence Against Women (Komnas Perempuan), which recorded 45,000 cases annually (60% of which involved parents as perpetrators), it was found that effective strategies include medical and psychological rehabilitation via P2TP2A and TF-CBT, and restorative justice through mediation under Supreme Court Regulation (Perma) No. 4 of 2019. Socio-economic support, such as the PKH programme, is also crucial. The main obstacles are patriarchal culture and a regulatory vacuum regarding the KHI. The conclusion emphasises the need for cross-sectoral commitment and makes recommendations including the introduction of mandatory parental counselling, prioritisation of court mediation, sub-district recovery units and large-scale public awareness campaigns. This study contributes to the strengthening of child protection within Indonesian family law.

This community service program aimed to strengthen community development in Negeri Soya by reinforcing group kinship ties within a multicultural society. As a traditional village in Ambon City, Negeri Soya is inhabited by people from diverse ethnic and social backgrounds who live together in one area. This diversity requires harmonious social relations supported by solidarity, brotherhood, and social awareness. The program focused on the men’s service group of the Elim Sector, Soya Congregation, as a forum for social and spiritual development. The activities were conducted through lectures, question-and-answer sessions, and collaborative practices in church services. The materials emphasized group kinship, social solidarity, togetherness, and the understanding that kinship is not limited to blood relations, but can also be built through shared territory, life experiences, and continuous social interaction. The results show that the Negeri Soya community has strong solidarity and active participation in religious and social activities. Values such as mutual cooperation, masohi, and the concept of orang basudara serve as important foundations for social integration. Men’s church service activities strengthened care, cooperation, and shared responsibility among members. These findings indicate that local cultural values remain relevant for managing diversity and building collective resilience in post-conflict communities. Overall, this program contributed positively to strengthening social relations and supporting harmonious, inclusive, and sustainable community life in Negeri Soya in daily life.

The Tandak Timang tradition in Batu Badinding Village, Central Katingan District, plays an important role in fostering the faith of children aged 1-5 years, which is carried out by parents. From an early age, children are introduced to faith values through Tandak Timang verses that contain advice, prayers, and praise to God. This study aims to (1) describe the role of parents in fostering the faith of children aged 1-5 years through the Tandak Timang tradition in Batu Badinding Village, Central Katingan District; and (2) describe the values implemented by parents for children aged 1-5 years in Batu Badinding Village, Central Katingan District. The research used a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation.The results show that Tandak Timang plays a significant role in shaping children's spiritual foundation. Parents' roles are manifested through daily practices, such as singing, storytelling, and rocking children while chanting verses in the Dayak Ngaju language. This practice not only builds strong emotional bonds but also serves as an effective medium for instilling noble values. These values include cultural values, moral and ethical values, ancestral values, and spiritual values that teach children about the importance of prayer and hope in God.The conclusion of this study is that parents act not only as cultural inheritors but also as educators, role models, and facilitators. They utilize intimate moments when putting children to sleep—through singing, storytelling, and rocking—to instill faith values. The strong physical and emotional interaction builds a solid bond, making it easier for children to accept and internalize a deep understanding of the teachings conveyed. The Tandak Timang tradition is rich in noble values that serve as the foundation for faith formation. These values include cultural values, moral and ethical values, ancestral values, and spiritual values. The suggestions put forward are that parents should further understand the meaning of Tandak Timang for fostering children's faith from an early age, and pass on and preserve the character of children through this Central Kalimantan Dayak culture. For subsequent researchers conducting similar studies, it is recommended to develop the research objectives and focus more specifically on the research topics.

Community service activities with the theme "My Home is My First Madrasah" were held on September 20, 2025 in Tarowang Village, South Galesong District, Takalar Regency. This activity aims to provide education to the community, especially parents and children, regarding the importance of the role of the family as the first and primary educational institution in the formation of children's character. The activity methods used were educational lectures, discussions, and question and answer sessions which took place from 08.30 to 12.30 WITA. The results of the activity showed that participants gained a better understanding of the importance of parental role models, the habituation of religious values, effective communication within the family, and the importance of maintaining a clean home environment as part of children's character education. The enthusiasm of the participants was seen through active participation in the discussion and question and answer sessions. This activity had a positive impact in the form of increased parental awareness in implementing good parenting patterns, the formation of positive habits in the family, and increased public concern for a clean and harmonious environment. Thus, the "My Home, My First Madrasah" outreach program is expected to be the first step in developing a generation with noble character, religious character, and responsibility in family and community life.

This research investigates the integration of the creative economy as a catalyst for sustainable tourism development within Kutai National Park (KNP), East Kalimantan. Despite its ecological significance as a lowland rainforest and Orangutan habitat, KNP faces stagnation due to a reliance on extractive resources and a lack of diversified tourism products. Employing a qualitative descriptive methodology and SWOT analysis, this study maps the creative potential of the region and evaluates its impact across four sustainability pillars: economic, social, environmental, and institutional. Data were gathered through field observations and in-depth interviews with park authorities, local government officials, and creative entrepreneurs in the buffer zones of Sangatta and Bontang. The findings reveal significant potential in non-timber forest-based culinary arts, modernized ethnic crafts, and digital wildlife storytelling. A critical institutional barrier identified is the "sectoral ego" between conservation authorities and local governments. The study proposes a strategic shift toward a "Green Creative Hub" model, emphasizing that sound governance and institutional synchronization are essential for balancing conservation with economic empowerment. This research provides a roadmap for policy-makers to transition from extractive-based livelihoods to a knowledge-based service economy that preserves the integrity of protected landscapes.

The rapid advancement of information technology has reshaped modern society, in particular influencing how young individuals express their identities through fashion. The choice of clothing goes beyond mere practical functions, becoming a symbol of social status and values as young people attempt to adapt to rapidly changing trends, driven largely by digital platforms such as social media. These phenomena have simultaneously led to alarming waste production and environmental degradation, reflecting the mismatch between modern lifestyles and theological mandates on the management of creation. The fast-paced fashion industry, characterized by rapid production cycles and high consumerism, exacerbates the ecological crisis by generating large amounts of textile waste and contributing to detrimental practices in global supply chains. The study uses a qualitative approach, emphasizing literature research to analyze relevant literature and synthesize findings into meaningful discourse. Ultimately, it advocates a transformative catechesis that integrates ecological awareness into the formation of young people's faith, leveraging digital spaces to advocate for simplicity and community engagement in sustainable practices. The challenges faced in fostering this ecological awareness include the prevalence of a culture of instant gratification and the gap between knowledge and action, which hinders the alignment of belief with action. Theological reflection further emphasizes the spiritual implications of consumer behavior, placing ecological responsibility as a fundamental aspect of authentic expression of faith. Based on these insights, this paper underscores the importance for the Church to be proactively involved in the fight for ecological preservation, recognizing that true faith is manifested through tangible actions that honor the divine creation.

Family communication plays a crucial role in shaping the character and behavior of adolescents, especially in facing social challenges such as online gambling. This study aims to determine how parental communication patterns influence adolescents' involvement in online gambling activities in Lalang Village, Rana Mese District, East Manggarai Regency. Furthermore, this study also identifies various efforts made by parents to address this problem. The method used was a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results indicate four family communication patterns implemented by parents: pluralistic, consensual, protective, and laissez-faire. The pluralistic pattern is characterized by open communication and equal discussion, which encourages children to avoid online gambling. The consensual pattern combines warm communication with an emphasis on shared values. Conversely, the protective pattern tends to be dominant, where parents supervise without providing space for dialogue, resulting in children becoming withdrawn. The laissez-faire pattern, with minimal communication, makes children feel free to engage in gambling. This study uses the symbolic interaction theory, namely mind, self, and society. In addition to communication patterns, this study also found that parents undertake various efforts, such as limiting digital device use, providing advice, and increasing supervision of their children's social environment. These efforts demonstrate that their effectiveness is highly dependent on the quality of communication within the family.

This study aimed to determine the relationship between parental involvement and mathematics learning achievement of fourth-grade students at SD Inpres 18 Sorong Regency. The research employed a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The research subjects consisted of all fourth-grade students from classes IV A and IV B, totaling 66 students. Data on parental involvement were collected using a questionnaire, while students’ mathematics achievement data were obtained from documentation of end-of-semester promotion examination scores. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics. The prerequisite tests included the Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality test with a Monte Carlo approach and a linearity test. Hypothesis testing was carried out using Pearson Product Moment correlation with the assistance of SPSS software. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between parental involvement and students’ mathematics achievement, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.637 and a significance value of p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). This correlation is categorized as strong. The findings indicate that higher levels of parental involvement in guiding, supervising, and providing emotional support are associated with higher mathematics learning achievement among students. Therefore, parental involvement plays an important role in supporting the mathematics learning success of elementary school students.

Human Trafficking (TPPO) has undergone a significant transformation in its modus operandi alongside the massive use of information technology, giving rise to the phenomenon of cyber-recruitment within the online scam industry. This study aims to analyze the juridical construction of the criminal elements in the cyber-recruitment modus operandi based on Law Number 21 of 2007, and to evaluate the potential disharmony of norms between the TPPO regulation and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE) regarding the regulation of digital evidence. The research method employed is normative legal research with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results indicate that, dogmatically, the elements of TPPO—comprising the process of virtual recruitment, the means of fraudulent job promises, and the purpose of digital forced labor exploitation—under Law No. 21 of 2007 remain relevant for prosecuting cyber-recruitment perpetrators, although it demands a broader legal interpretation of cyberspace realities. However, legal certainty issues were found due to the lack of synchronicity in the regulation of digital evidence, where differences in procedures and qualifications exist between electronic evidence in the TPPO Law and the evidentiary standards in the UU ITE, which are volatile in nature. The implications of this research conclude the need for regulatory synchronization through the establishment of technical guidelines for handling TPPO-specific electronic evidence to provide a solid legal foundation for law enforcement agencies. This step is crucial to overcome cross-border jurisdictional obstacles and to ensure substantive justice and comprehensive protection of victims' rights in the digital era.

This research explores hedonistic lifestyle patterns as a social reality that grows within peer interactions, both in adolescence and adulthood. The investigation applies a qualitative descriptive literature review by examining national scholarly publications issued from 2016 to 2026. The findings indicate that hedonistic tendencies should not be interpreted merely as individual choices to seek enjoyment. Instead, they emerge from social processes shaped by interaction, peer influence, and shared norms that develop within a group. In this context, peer circles function as influential socialization agents, encouraging conformity so individuals can be accepted and avoid social exclusion. The study also identifies differences in underlying motivations across life stages. Among adolescents, hedonistic behavior is closely linked to identity exploration and self-definition. For adults, however, it is more associated with maintaining self-image, signaling social standing, and displaying markers of achievement. Overall, environmental dynamics, the expansion of consumer-oriented culture, and intensive exposure to social media play significant roles in strengthening this phenomenon in Indonesia.

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) face unique challenges in building attachment relationships, due to ASD children experiencing impairments in communication, social interaction, and emotional regulation. This study aims to identify effective intervention strategies to improve the quality of attachment between parents and children with ASD through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The review findings indicate that several interventions have proven effective in enhancing attachment between parents or primary caregivers and children with ASD, including the following interventions: DIR/Floortime, Focused Playtime Intervention (FPI), Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), Circle of Security (COS), Positive Behavior Support (PBS), play training, massage therapy, and psychoeducation. The results of these interventions show that changes occur before and after the intervention, including strengthening two-way communication, increasing parental sensitivity, and improving the child's emotional responses. These findings have practical implications for parents, educators, and therapists in designing attachment-based approaches to support the social and emotional development of children with ASD. Responsive and supportive designing attachment-based approaches to support the social and emotional development of children with ASD. Responsive and supportive relationship-based interventions can build secure attachments between children with ASD and their parents and serve as an important reference in attachment-based parenting and therapy practices.

Pendidikan karakter menjadi fokus penting dalam dunia pendidikan karena meningkatnya tantangan moral peserta didik di era globalisasi dan digitalisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter di sekolah menengah, mengidentifikasi faktor pendukung dan penghambat implementasinya, serta menganalisis dampaknya terhadap perkembangan moral peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif yang dilaksanakan di SMK Plus Al-Ghifari. Subjek penelitian meliputi guru Bimbingan dan Konseling, wali kelas, dan siswa yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam semi-terstruktur, observasi, dan analisis dokumen sekolah, kemudian dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan karakter telah diintegrasikan dalam proses pembelajaran dan budaya sekolah, dengan dukungan utama berupa kepedulian guru, kerja sama dengan orang tua, serta inisiatif peserta didik. Namun, implementasi masih menghadapi kendala seperti pengaruh lingkungan sosial, keterlibatan keluarga yang belum optimal, ketidakkonsistenan ketegasan pendidik, dan kesulitan adaptasi peserta didik baru. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan sinergi antara sekolah, keluarga, dan lingkungan untuk meningkatkan keberlanjutan dan efektivitas pendidikan karakter.

Sweet orange peel (Citrus x aurantium L.) is an agricultural by-product rich in bioactive compounds including flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and vitamin C with antioxidant and moisturizing potential. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a body lotion using 15% ethanol extract of sweet orange peel obtained by maceration with 96% ethanol. Evaluations included organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, adhesion, spreadability, viscosity, irritation, cycling test, cream type, and DPPH antioxidant activity assessments. The preparation was semisolid, yellow, with a characteristic herbal aroma, homogeneous, pH 8, adhesion time of 4.10 seconds, spreadability of 9.9–11.1 cm, and acceptable viscosity. The preparation caused no skin irritation, remained stable through six cycling test cycles, and formed an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion. Antioxidant activity showed an IC₅₀ of 284.6 ppm (weak category) compared to vitamin C as positive control (IC₅₀ 4.2 ppm). It was concluded that ethanol extract of sweet orange peel can be formulated into a stable and safe body lotion, though further optimization is needed to enhance its antioxidant activity.

Capital Market in general terms is defined as a business sector of trading securities such as shares, stock certificates, and bonds or securities in general. In practice, not all information can be accessed simultaneously by all people, so this becomes a problem in the capital market or can be said to be a crime, Crime in the capital market is increasingly rampant, one of which is insider trading or insider trading which is a form of crime and violation included in the capital market, Regulations regarding insider trading in Indonesia are regulated in Law Number 8 of 1995 in conjunction with Law No. 4 of 2023. Capital market crimes in the form of insider trading that occur both in Indonesia and in developed countries such as the United States both have detrimental effects on the public as investors, but the accountability carried out is different for insider trading perpetrators in each of these countries, therefore it is necessary to review how the legal regulations of insider trading in Indonesia and the United States relate to these two cases.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh efektivitas sistem e-Filing terhadap kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi dalam pelaporan Surat Pemberitahuan (SPT) Tahunan di Kabupaten Lampung Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei terhadap 100 responden yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya dengan Pearson Product Moment dan Cronbach’s Alpha. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas e-Filing berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan pelaporan pajak, dengan nilai koefisien regresi sebesar 0,624 dan R² sebesar 0,488. Artinya, sebesar 48,8% variasi kepatuhan dapat dijelaskan oleh efektivitas e-Filing. Penelitian ini terbatas pada satu wilayah dan satu variabel bebas, sehingga penelitian lanjutan disarankan untuk mencakup area yang lebih luas dan variabel yang lebih beragam. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa transformasi digital dalam administrasi perpajakan harus mempertimbangkan faktor psikologis pengguna, seperti persepsi kemudahan dan manfaat sistem. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi bagi pengembangan literatur perpajakan digital dan dapat menjadi masukan strategis bagi otoritas pajak dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan melalui optimalisasi layanan digital.

Verbal sexual harassment among adolescents is a form of non-physical violence that is often overlooked, yet it has significant impacts on psychological health and social development. Parenting style is suspected to be one of the factors influencing adolescents' vulnerability to verbal sexual harassment. This study aims to examine the relationship between parenting styles and the occurrence of verbal sexual harassment among adolescents at SMKN Widang. This study employed a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 166 participants selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaires on parenting styles and verbal sexual harassment. Data analysis was conducted using the Contingency Coefficient test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that the majority of respondents experienced democratic parenting (70.5%). The incidence of verbal sexual harassment was most frequently reported in the “often” category (43.4%) and “sometimes” category (42.2%). Statistical analysis yielded a p-value of 0.001 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between parenting styles and the occurrence of verbal sexual harassment. Permissive parenting was associated with a relatively higher risk. Therefore, the implementation of democratic parenting and open communication is recommended as preventive efforts.