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Human rights are fundamental rights inherent to every individual from birth and are guaranteed under statutory laws and regulations. These rights are universal in nature, inherent to every person, and must be respected, protected, and fulfilled by the state as well as all elements of society. However, in practice, various conditions continue to trigger human rights violations committed by both individuals and state officials. This phenomenon indicates that the protection of human rights still faces numerous challenges in its implementation. This study aims to examine the relationship between law enforcement officers and civilians, determine the extent to which the actions of law enforcement officers can be categorized as human rights violations, and analyze the mechanisms of oversight and accountability in handling cases of human rights violations. This study employed a qualitative approach using a case study method to obtain an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon under investigation. The data were analyzed descriptively to illustrate the relationship between law enforcement officers and civilians within the context of human rights protection. The findings reveal that power asymmetry is one of the main factors contributing to the abuse of authority by law enforcement officers. This condition subsequently increases the potential for human rights violations and underscores the importance of effective oversight and accountability in ensuring that law enforcement officers perform their duties and exercise their authority in accordance with applicable legal provisions.

The rapid development of digital service platforms, particularly online motorcycle taxi services, has transformed modern economic transaction patterns, where the relationship between drivers and consumers is categorized as an ijarah (service lease) contract. However, in practice, various forms of breach of contract (wanprestasi) frequently occur and potentially harm one of the parties. This study aims to analyze the concept of the ijarah contract, identify the forms of wanprestasi, and review them based on Sharia Economic Law principles. This qualitative normative research employs a literature-based approach, utilizing secondary data from classical fiqh books, DSN-MUI fatwas, the Indonesian Civil Code, and reputable academic journals, which are analyzed descriptively-analytically. The findings reveal that breaches occur in three typologies: unilateral cancellation by consumers (ta'addi), negligence and fictitious account manipulation by drivers (taqshir and tadlis), and disproportionate cancel fee policies by platforms, indicating structural dzulm. From a sharia perspective, the settlement of wanprestasi requires compensation (ta'widh) calculated based on actual loss without riba elements, while classifying technical obstacles as force majeure under a fault-based liability approach. This study implies the need to reconstruct the digital ecosystem so that it is not only formally valid but also enforces substantive justice based on maslahah (public interest), al-‘adl (justice), mas,uliyyah (responsibility), and tawazun (proportional balance)

This study aims to qualitatively analyze the impact of order cancellations and customer ratings on the performance, performance, and income of online motorcycle taxi (Gojek) drivers in the Slawi region. The research method used a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation of a number of active drivers. The results show that the high rate of order cancellations, both from customers and the system, negatively impacts driver income stability and reduces work time efficiency. Furthermore, customer ratings play a crucial role in determining driver access to orders, incentives, and account sustainability. Drivers with low ratings tend to experience decreased performance due to limited opportunities to receive orders. On the other hand, the pressure to maintain high ratings also affects drivers' psychological state and work strategies. This study concludes that order cancellations and customer ratings are crucial factors that are interrelated in influencing the work quality and welfare of online motorcycle taxi drivers. Therefore, fairer and more transparent platform policies are needed to maintain a balance between customer satisfaction and driver protection.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Maxim online motorcycle taxi services for students of MAN 4 Pekanbaru City in meeting their daily mobility needs. The location of MAN 4 Pekanbaru City on Jalan Yos Sudarso, one of the routes with a fairly high intensity of large vehicle activity, demands the availability of transportation services that can provide certainty of time, comfort, and safety for students. In this context, the existence of online motorcycle taxis is a relevant transportation alternative in today's digital era. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with the aim of describing in depth the experiences, perceptions, and assessments of students' assessments of the quality of Maxim online motorcycle taxi services. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews with several students of MAN 4 Pekanbaru City who actively use the service in their daily activities, especially for going to and from school. The results of the study indicate that Maxim online motorcycle taxi services are considered quite effective in supporting student mobility, especially in terms of ease of access, time efficiency, and relatively affordable costs compared to other modes of transportation. In addition, the use of digital-based applications provides ease in ordering and transparency of fares. However, the aspects of safety and comfort remain a primary concern for students. Therefore, it is recommended that students use official online motorcycle taxi (ojek) applications to minimize the risk of fraud and other undesirable incidents. Overall, the Maxim online motorcycle taxi service serves as a transportation solution that supports students' mobility needs in urban environments.

Religious Holiday Allowance is a mandatory worker's right that companies in Indonesia must fulfill as part of their legal responsibilities, which should also extend to online motorcycle taxi  drivers. The platform worker status of online motorcycles taxi, who are typically bound only by work agreements, raises questions regarding their entitlement to this Religious Holiday Allowance. This paper aims to highlight the Circular Letter from the Ministry of Manpower Number M/3/HK.04.00/III/2025, which regulates the provision of Religious Holiday Allowance for online motorcycles taxi in the form of a religious holiday bonus. Using a socio-legal research method, this writing emphasizes the correlation between prevailing laws and regulations concerning the Religious Holiday Allowance for online motorcycles taxi drivers. The research findings indicate that online motorcycle taxi drivers have not comprehensively received their Religious Holiday Allowance rights due to their legal status as partners not being formally recognized within prevailing labor regulations. Furthermore, Circular Letter Number M/3/HK.04.00/III/2025 is non-binding, making the implementation of religious holiday bonus provisions contingent upon the individual policies of each platform company.

The phenomenon of online ojek as part of the platform-based economy has grown rapidly, especially in Indonesia. This job is in high demand by youth as an alternative job that offers flexibility. However, behind the benefits offered, this profession also carries economic, social, and political risks. This article aims to examine the identity formation of youth working as online ojek drivers in the context of political-economic risks that arise in digital platforms, using Ulrich Beck's Risk Society Theory. In the risk society, uncertainty and dependence on systems controlled by digital platforms are the main factors that shape the social identity of the drivers. This research finds that the identity of online ojek youth is formed through interactions with digital platforms that prioritize efficiency and profitability, as well as with the risks they face every day in working under systemic uncertainty.

This research is titled "The Influence of Working Hours, Income, and Job Protection on the Welfare of Online Motorcycle Taxi Drivers (A Study on Grab Drivers in Jambi City)." The objectives of this study are: 1) To explain the effect of working hours on the welfare of Grab drivers in Jambi City. 2) To explain the effect of income on the welfare of Grab drivers in Jambi City. 3) To explain the effect of job protection on the welfare of Grab drivers in Jambi City. 4) To explain the combined effect of working hours, income, and job protection on the welfare of Grab drivers in Jambi City. The research method used by the researcher is a quantitative approach. The results of this study are: 1) From the regression test, it was found that working hours do not have a significant effect on the welfare of Grab drivers in Jambi City. 2) From the regression test, it was found that income significantly affects the welfare of Grab drivers in Jambi City. 3) From the regression test, it was found that job protection significantly affects the welfare of Grab drivers in Jambi City. 4) Simultaneously, working hours, income, and job protection significantly affect the welfare of Grab drivers in Jambi City.

This study aims to examine the influence of knowledge and awareness on safety riding behavior among online motorcycle taxi drivers. Considering the rapid growth of online transportation and the increasing risk of accidents, understanding the factors that affect driver behavior is crucial. This literature review analyzes 15 relevant studies. The researcher conducted a series of studies involving various sources such as books, Google Scholar, Mendeley, PubMed, ScienceDirect, focusing on open access and full paper articles in Indonesian or English. The analysis shows a significant relationship between drivers’ knowledge and awareness of safety riding practices and their compliance with safe driving behavior. Higher levels of knowledge and awareness correlate with increased adherence to traffic regulations, proper use of safety equipment, and better understanding of potential road hazards. These findings emphasize the importance of continuous safety training programs and policy interventions to improve the safety and welfare of online motorcycle drivers.    

Drivers who frequently experience fictitious orders face significant psychological impacts. Stress and frustration are common reactions when they have to face situations where they have used time and resources to respond to orders that are not taken or canceled without clear reasons. The research methodology used in this study is a qualitative approach with a case study method. The qualitative approach was chosen because it aims to understand in depth the legal impact of combining sales and purchase agreements and debts on fictitious online motorcycle taxi order transactions, especially from the perspective of online motorcycle taxi drivers. The case study method was chosen because it allows researchers to investigate in depth one particular case, namely online gofood drivers in Desa Tengah, Pancur Batu, who experienced financial losses due to fictitious orders. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that fictitious orders in online motorcycle taxi services, as analyzed in the context of combining sales and purchase agreements and debts according to Islamic jurisprudence, have significant impacts both in terms of law and psychology. Legally, this practice violates the principle of a valid contract according to the fiqh of Al Masyqhul la Yusyghal, because it involves elements of fraud that are detrimental to drivers. Psychologically, drivers experience stress, frustration, and anxiety that have the potential to disrupt their overall well-being.

Traffic and road accidents are considered one of the leading causes of death among children and adolescents aged 5-29 years. This study aims to analyze the relationship between age, education level, driving experience, and knowledge with safety riding behavior among motorcycle taxi riders at the MAXIM Online Ojek Base on Jl. Untung Suropati, Samarinda City. The research method used in this study is a quantitative research approach. This type of research is observational-analytic with a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling, where samples are selected based on criteria predetermined by the researcher. The total sample consists of 37 individuals, determined using the total sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using the Chi-Square test. The results show that there is a relationship between age and knowledge with respondents' safety riding behavior. However, there is no relationship between driving experience and education level with respondents' safety riding behavior. In conclusion, it is recommended that motorcycle taxi riders improve their knowledge of proper safety riding practices.

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang faktor yang mempengaruhi tumbuhnya rasa solidaritas sosial pada komunitas pengemudi ojek online Marbun Delivery. Fokus utama dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana interaksi sosial mempengaruhi tumbuhnya rasa solidaritas sosial pengemudi ojek online Marbun Delivery dan apa bentuk solidaritas sosial yang dihasilkan oleh pengemudi ojek online Marbun Delivery. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori solidaritas sosial dari Emile Durkheim. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk memahami dan mendeskripsikan fenomena yang dialami oleh subjek penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode observasi, wawancara tidak terstruktur, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan melalui tahap reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa cara pengemudi ojek online Marbun Delivery membangun rasa solidaritas sosial adalah adanya ketergantungan antara pengemudi dengan pengemudi serta pelanggan dan dengan menjalankan pekerjaan yang sama. Sedangkan bentuk solidaritas sosial dari komunitas pengemudi ojek online Marbun Delivery terdiri dari kerjasama dan berbagi pelanggan.

The explanation and description of the deviations and the application of the Leech principle of chaos in the Gojek, Grab, and inDriver application char features are the objectives of this study. The theory used in this study using the theory of Leech language chaos principles. This research data is a matching of online scooter drivers and consumers in chat features in online scout apps, through recording, crawling, and observation. The data source obtained is ten data in each online application. (Gojek, Grab, inDriver). The instrumental indicator used consists of the principle of excellence that encompasses the maximum of wisdom, charity, appreciation, humility, agreement, and sympathy.  The data collection technique used is observation and recording. Data analysis techniques used are, observing and observing, recording, collecting data, and analyzing data. The results of the research show that the most common form of deviation is the maxima of intelligence in which drivers and customers do not want to reduce the loss to themselves and increase the benefit of others. Meanwhile, the dominant form of application of the principle is the maximum intelligence demonstrated through agreement and sympathy.

. In the city of Surabaya, a large number of female online ojek drivers face problems such as prejudice, non-disclosure, and dangerous working conditions. While there are laws against violence, the quantity of sexual incidents suggests a lack of consistency in their application. By providing skills development, legal support, and psychological counseling, the Gerakan Sayang Perempuan Ojek Online (GASPOL) initiative seeks to strengthen safety and self-determination for female online ojek drivers. This research uses descriptive qualitative methodology and collects data through observation, documentation, and interviews. William N. Dunn developed evaluation criteria for the GASPOL program, which include effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, alignment, responsiveness, and accuracy. The GASPOL program met the needs of the participants, was efficient in using resources, and effective in improving the safety and competence of women drivers. In addition, the program was sensitive to feedback from participants and successfully distributed benefits equitably. Despite the success of the program, there are still challenges that influence public opinion, such as gender bias. To increase acceptance of women drivers, more outreach and education is needed.   Keywords: , , , , (Times New Roman, size 10 font Italic)

Competition comes from English, namely competition means competition itself or competitive activities, matches, and competition. Competition is when organizations or individuals compete to achieve desired goals such as consumers, share market, survey ranking, or required resources. Whereas In the management dictionary, competition is the efforts of 2 parties/more companies, each of which is active in “obtaining order” by offering the most favorable price/terms. In the online motorcycle taxi industry, competition between companies such as Gojek, Maxim and Grab is very tight. Each company tries to attract more drivers and users by offering various promotions, discounts and additional services. They also compete in terms of technological innovation, such as developing new features to make it easier for users to order motorbike taxis, as well as increasing efficiency in their systems. Apart from that, price competition is also a major factor, where every company tries to offer competitive rates to attract more customers. The method used in this research is a quantitative or statistical method. The population in this research is all odd semester Management students at Bina Bangsa University, namely 73 respondents. Based on the results of research on 73 respondents and discussion regarding online motorcycle taxi competition on the Gojek, Maxim and applications. Seize. It can be concluded that the respondents who use online motorcycle taxis at odd semester Management students at Bina Bangsa University frequently use online transportation, namely the Maxim application because it is cheaper than the Gojek and Grab applications.  

Abstract.The aim of this research is to analyze the implementation of the Social Security Administering Agency for work accidents experienced by workers and the implementation of the Social Security Administering Agency for work accidents experienced by workers. This research uses descriptive analytical research with a normative juridical approach. The results of this research show that BPJS Employment protects online motorcycle taxi partners with its five programs, namely; work accident insurance, old age insurance, death insurance, pension insurance and job loss insurance. The obstacle in employment protection for online motorcycle taxi partners is that there are still several online motorcycle taxi partners who are not registered as BPJS Employment participants due to various reasons, which means that protection for online motorcycle taxi partners is still not optimal.    

The emergence of online transportation services has changed the way humans access areas of life, increasing accessibility significantly. The integration of digital technology has brought increased speed, efficiency and connectivity to services, especially through applications on smartphones. For example, online motorcycle taxi services in Indonesia have become an important source of income for many individuals. Many people rely on work as online motorcycle taxi drivers to meet their family's economic needs. This research aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the role of online motorcycle taxis as a source of income, taking into account the diversity of drivers from various backgrounds, including those with families, those without families, and female drivers. This research uses a qualitative approach, a method suitable for exploring the condition of natural objects. The results of this research are based on interviews with 8 sources from online motorcycle taxi drivers around UPN "Veteran" Jakarta, Pondok Labu Campus. Interviewees involved a variety of backgrounds, and the responses received varied, some were satisfied with their work, while others saw it as just a side job. Even though online motorcycle taxis offer accessibility and flexibility in working hours, research findings show that this profession has not become the main job for most drivers. Tight competition in the online motorcycle taxi industry is also a factor that contributes to the economic constraints felt by some drivers, especially those who have family responsibilities.

In the partnership agreement between PT. GO-JEK Indonesia with online motorcycle taxi drivers does not meet the principle of balance. The principle of balance which is intended to harmonize legal institutions in agreements known in civil law which has the aim of making the agreement equal or balanced. This study aims to determine the legal consequences of not fulfilling the principle of balance in the partnership agreement between PT. GO-JEK Indonesia Bali Branch With Online Ojek Drivers. As discussed in this study are the legal consequences and legal protection of agreements that do not meet the principle of balance in the partnership agreement between PT. GO-JEK Indonesia Bali Branch with online motorcycle taxi drivers. The research method in this study is a normative research method, which is a legal research library by reviewing regulations and theories of experts related to the problems discussed. After doing the research, it was concluded that the result of the partnership agreement between PT. GO-JEK Indonesia Bali Branch with online motorcycle taxi drivers creates an imbalance between the rights and obligations of the parties. And GO-JEK in resolving problems that cannot be carried out through deliberation is allowed to take legal action by bringing the dispute to a court that has been determined by GO-JEK, namely the South Jakarta Court, but with the determination of the Court by GO-JEK, it can be difficult for partners who live outside city or far from the Court.  

Conventional Ojek is one form of alternative transportation in Indonesia. Sikka Regency has rapid development in all sectors and has several airports and ports to support the movement of people and goods. Conventional ojek meets the biggest competitor, namely the emergence of online ojek. Although various competitors appear conventional ojek in Sikka Regency is still the main choice of public transportation mode. This study analyzes the effect of service quality and price on consumer satisfaction of students who use conventional ojek services at Nusa Nipa University. The population in this study were all students who use conventional ojek at Nusa Nipa University. This study uses purposive sampling method, namely the technique of determining the sample using certain considerations with the number of respondents 100 people. The research instrument used a questionnaire with the data collection technique used was to use a Likert scale and analyzed using SPSS 25 software. The results show that partially service quality has a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Price has a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Simultaneously service quality and price have a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Conventional ojek has become a means of transportation that is needed by people in Maumere city. Government advice needs to take care of legalization, conventional ojek data collection, infrastructure management and price regulations and to ojek drivers pay attention to safety, comfort and completeness of vehicles.  

Ojek online merupakan salah satu bentuk dari perkembangan teknologi yang sudah marak di Indonesia. pada pengembangan aplikasinya pun, sudah banyak start up yang memiliki layanan dengan keunggulan mereka masing-masing. salah satu layanan ojek online yangmulai banyak diminati ini adalah Maxime. Penggunaan aplikasi ini juga pasti tidak terlepas dari tampilan user interface yang dapat membantu pengguna dengan maksimal. Dalam salah satu aplikasi yang menawarkan kemudahan untuk melaksanakan layanan ojek online ini, masih memiliki beberapa kekurangan pada user interface yang diberikan. Pada jurnal ini, akan dijelaskan apa saja yang memiliki kekurangan dan yang perlu untuk dapat memaksimalkan tampilan dari user interface pada aplikasi Maxime dengan menggunakan model pendekatan HCI dan metode kuisioner untuk dapat mengumpulkan serta menyimpulkan kebutuhan pengguna dan calon pengguna. Peneliti memfokuskan pada beberapa prinsip dari desain interface itu sendiri seperti Eficiency, Consistency, Ese of Use, User compability, ease of learning. Kata Kunci: Aplikasi, User interface, Ojek Online, HCI

This study aims to determine the effect of work motivation, work discipline and reward on the performance of Grab online motorcycle taxi drivers in the city of Semarang. This study used quantitative research methods. The population used in the study was Grab online motorcycle taxi drivers in Semarang year 2022 and the sample used was 100 respondents. Data analysis in the study using SPSS for window software version 26. The results of this study show that there is a positive and significant influence between work motivation (X1) on the performance of grab online ojek drivers in Semarang (Y) partially with a calculated t value of 6,833 and a significance value of 0.000, work discipline (X2) has a positive and significant effect on the performance of grab online motorcycle taxi drivers in Semarang (Y) partially with a calculated t value of 2,918 significance value of 0.4 reward (X3) has a positive and significant effect on driver performance Grab online motorcycle taxi in Semarang city (Y) partially with a calculated t value of 10,655 and a significance value of 0.000. The results of the coefficient of determination (R2) test obtained a value from Ajusted R Square of 0.915 or 91.5% showed that the performance variables of Grab online motorcycle taxi drivers in Semarang were influenced by work motivation, work discipline and reward variables, while the remaining 0.085 or 8.5% were influenced by other variables that were not in this study.