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Exchange rates are a crucial indicator in an open economy, playing a significant role in influencing international trade, investment flows, and overall macroeconomic stability. This study aims to analyze the impact of rupiah exchange rate fluctuations on Indonesia’s economic growth during the period 2014–2023. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using secondary data obtained from official publications of Statistics Indonesia and Bank Indonesia. The main variables analyzed include the rupiah exchange rate against the United States dollar and Indonesia’s economic growth. The findings indicate that exchange rate movements are closely related to economic growth dynamics, particularly through international trade mechanisms, production costs, and the stability of the real sector. Depreciation of the exchange rate tends to enhance export competitiveness, but it may also trigger inflation due to rising import prices. Conversely, appreciation can help control inflation but may weaken export competitiveness. Therefore, maintaining exchange rate stability is essential to support sustainable economic growth and strengthen national economic resilience.

This study aims to analyze the impact of the geopolitical conflict between the United States, Israel, and Iran in 2026 on global macroeconomic stability and climate change dynamics. Using a qualitative approach through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), this research synthesizes findings from various international journal articles, reports, and academic sources. The results indicate that the conflict has significantly disrupted global energy markets, leading to a sharp increase in oil and gas prices. This energy shock has triggered global inflationary pressures, reduced purchasing power, and increased economic uncertainty across both developed and developing countries. Furthermore, monetary tightening policies implemented to control inflation have created trade-offs with economic growth, increasing the risk of global recession. On the fiscal side, government interventions such as energy subsidies have helped mitigate short-term impacts but have raised concerns about long-term fiscal sustainability. In addition, the energy crisis has slowed the transition toward renewable energy, thereby exacerbating climate change risks. The study highlights the interconnectedness between geopolitical conflict, macroeconomic instability, and environmental sustainability. Therefore, coordinated global policies and integrated economic strategies are essential to address these multidimensional challenges effectively.

This study aims to analyze the influence of macroeconomic variables in the form of the dollar exchange rate, inflation, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on the Composite Stock Price Index (JCI) in Indonesia for the period 2010–2024. The research method used is a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis using time series data obtained from Bank Indonesia, the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), and the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The data analysis technique was carried out through classical assumption tests and hypothesis testing to determine the relationship between variables. The results of the study show that partially GDP has a significant effect on the JCI, while inflation and the dollar exchange rate tend not to have a significant effect. However, simultaneously these three variables have a significant influence on the JCI. These findings show that macroeconomic stability is very important in maintaining the performance of the capital market in Indonesia and can be a reference for investors in making investment decisions. In addition, the results of the study confirm that national economic growth is the main indicator that market participants pay attention to in assessing investment prospects. Therefore, the government needs to maintain economic stability through effective and sustainable fiscal and monetary policies.

This study aims to reconstruct the Islamic macroeconomic paradigm by focusing on fiscal policy and responses to resource scarcity. Using a descriptive qualitative approach based on literature review, the study reveals that fiscal policy in Islam functions not only as a tool for economic stabilization but also as an instrument for equitable distribution and sustainable resource management. Historical analysis of fiscal practices during the Prophet Muhammad's era illustrates a zakat-, kharaj-, and fai-based system managed transparently and justly through baitul mal. In the modern context, challenges such as inequality, resource exploitation, and energy crises require a new approach grounded in maqashid shariah as the foundation of macroeconomic planning. Therefore, reconstructing Islamic macroeconomics is essential to establishing a just, sustainable, and spiritually rooted economic system.

This study aims to analyze the comparison of solvency levels and claim payment abilities between two general insurance companies in Indonesia, PT Asuransi Dayin Mitra Tbk (ASDM) and PT Asuransi Jasa Tania Tbk (ASJT), considering the macroeconomic conditions in 2023. The methods used are qualitative and quantitative comparative analyses based on the audited financial statements and annual reports of both companies, as well as a review of macroeconomic data from official sources. The findings indicate that ASDM and ASJT managed to achieve positive performance despite economic challenges, with ASJT recording higher growth in premiums and net income. Both companies maintained solvency ratios above regulatory thresholds and controlled claims ratios. Business strategy adaptation, sound governance, and effective risk management contributed to these achievements. Macroeconomic factors such as inflation, interest rates, and exchange rates were found to influence the performance of both companies, with varying levels of sensitivity depending on their market segment focus. These findings provide valuable insights into the dynamics of the insurance business in Indonesia and highlight opportunities and challenges that industry stakeholders need to anticipate..

Amidst the dynamic global economy that is often characterized by inequality, the development of an inclusive and equitable Islamic monetary system is a crucial urgency. An Islamic monetary system based on sharia principles and values can offer a promising alternative. In this context, blockchain can be utilized as a transformative technological innovation that can be aligned with the Islamic monetary system. This research utilizes a comprehensive literature review methodology from scientific journals and related books. This literature study analyzes the use of blockchain in the development of an inclusive and equitable Islamic monetary system, exploring the alignment of principles, potential applications and implementation challenges and implications. The findings of this study show that the core characteristics of blockchain such as decentralization, transparency, immutability and cryptographic security are aligned with the objectives and philosophical foundations of Islamic macroeconomics, such as the prohibition of riba, gharar, maysir, fairness of wealth distribution and financial inclusion. Potential applications include developing the efficiency of zakat, waqf and alms, issuing digital sukuk and developing Islamic crowdfunding. Although the opportunities are wide open, the implementation still faces significant challenges, such as sharia compliance issues related to digital volatility, fatwa fragmentation, scalability issues, data security, consumption of shariah-compliant digital assets, and the need for digitalization.

This study aims to analyze the influence of macroeconomic conditions, capital, and good corporate governance on earnings, financial risk, and yield to maturity bond, with bond rating acting as a moderating variable. The research focuses on banking companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX). A Quantitative approach with a secondary data from Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) and Indonesian Bond Market Directory (IDMB) Purposive sampling method was applied, resulting in 102 active banking bond samples listed on the IDX during the 2020–2023 period. The hypotheses were tested using Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Out of 14 proposed hypotheses, 4 were supported with statistically significant results, while the remaining 10 were not. The results show that capital has a significant effect on financial risk, while earnings significantly influence both financial risk and bond yield to maturity. Overall, this study shows that internal factors like earnings and capital have a stronger impact on a company’s risk perception and debt cost than implementation good corporate governance and macroeconomic conditions. It also highlights the important role of bond ratings in reflecting a company’s reputation and credit quality in the banking bond market.

This study aims to understand the impact of inflation on the purchasing power of communities in Lampung Province throughout 2024 from a macroeconomic perspective using a qualitative approach. The persistent fluctuations in inflation over the year have triggered various responses and adaptation strategies among the public, particularly within economically vulnerable groups. Through in-depth interviews with various informants—such as small business owners, housewives, and informal sector workers—this study finds that inflation has influenced consumption patterns, spending priorities, and how people manage their daily income. A noticeable decline in purchasing power is observed in essential needs and healthcare services. Common coping strategies include switching to alternative products, taking on debt, or reducing overall consumption. The findings suggest that inflation has not only economic implications but also social consequences, highlighting the importance of social protection policies and price stabilization efforts to maintain household economic resiliencej.

Econometrics is a discipline in economics that combines economic theory, mathematics, and statistics to quantitatively assess economic phenomena. This paper aims to introduce econometrics as an important tool in economic analysis and explain its applications in various sectors such as macroeconomics, microeconomics, development, and finance. Using a descriptive qualitative research method based on literature review, this paper explains how econometrics is used to test economic conjectures, make predictions, and support data-driven decisions. In addition, this article also discusses the advantages of econometrics, the challenges that arise in its application, and the software used in econometric analysis, including Excel, SPSS, and EViews. The findings show that econometrics is useful not only for academics but also for decision makers and business actors in designing more efficient economic strategies and policies. However, several problems such as data limitations, model assumptions, and specification errors are still challenges that need to be overcome by increasing capabilities and utilizing technology. It is hoped that this paper can broaden understanding and encourage more effective and appropriate use of econometrics in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the tradeoff relationship between inflation and unemployment in Indonesia using the Phillips Curve approach. This phenomenon is a central focus in macroeconomics as both indicators are closely linked and directly impact national economic stability. Using data from 2019 to 2024, this study examines the dynamics of inflation and unemployment, as well as their implications for monetary and fiscal policy. The analysis shows that although there are indications of a tradeoff pattern as described by the Phillips Curve, structural and global factors also influence this relationship. Monetary and fiscal policies during crisis, recovery, and stabilization periods play a crucial role in managing the balance between inflation and unemployment.

This research aims to analyze the influence of macroeconomics, capital and good corporate governance on the profitability of Islamic banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) during the 2020-2023 period, both partially and simultaneously. The approach used in this research is quantitative, with a population consisting of four sharia banks listed on the IDX, which were selected through a purposive sampling technique. The data source was obtained from the website www. idx. co. id, www. bps. go. id, and www. bi. go. id. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression using SPSS version 25 software, with the significance level set at 0.05. Research findings show that overall, macroeconomics (X1), capital (X2), and GCG (X3) do not have a significant influence on bank profitability. Specifically, macroeconomics (X1) and GCG (X3) do not show a significant impact on profitability. On the other hand, the capital variable (X2) is proven to have a significant influence on profitability. For future research, it is recommended that the study period be expanded, considering that only one variable shows a significant effect. In addition, it is necessary to consider other factors that may also influence profitability beyond the variables analyzed in this study.

This study aims to identify obstacles and opportunities in the development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Mojokerto Regency, Indonesia from a macroeconomic perspective. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this study analyzes various literature and secondary data from national and international sources. The research findings show that MSMEs in Mojokerto Regency face several major obstacles, including limited access to financing, lack of digital literacy, inadequate infrastructure, and challenges in improving the quality of human resources. On the other hand, there are significant opportunities for MSME development through the use of digital technology, government policy support, and export market development. From a macroeconomic perspective, the success of MSME development in Mojokerto will not only have an impact on improving the welfare of local communities but can also contribute to regional and national economic growth. Recommendations from this study include increasing access to financing, accelerating the development of digital infrastructure, and strengthening the capacity of MSME actors through entrepreneurship training and technological literacy. By overcoming these obstacles and utilizing existing opportunities, MSMEs in Mojokerto Regency have the potential to become a driving force for a stronger and more sustainable economy.

This study explores the evolution of Islamic economic thought from its classical roots to contemporary interpretations, highlighting significant paradigm shifts and the contributions of influential figures throughout its history. During the classical era, Islamic economic thought drew heavily from the teachings of the Qur'an and Hadith, as interpreted by scholars such as Abu Yusuf, al-Ghazali, and Ibn Khaldun. At the heart of this thinking are the principles of social justice, the prohibition of usury, and the need for a fair distribution of wealth. Recently, there have been important updates in Islamic economic thought, shaped by the global socio-economic context and the imperative to address modern economic problems. Key figures such as Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr and Umar Chapra have played an important role in developing a more relevant Islamic economic theory, combining concepts such as Islamic banking, macroeconomics, and entrepreneurship based on Islamic ethics.

This study explores human complexity and its impact on macroeconomic development. The main focus is on the buyer's mental variables, such as financial assumptions and courage, and how these elements influence business utilization and behavior. Information from measured studies and investigations shows that positive monetary assumptions will often strengthen financial movements, while vulnerabilities or negative assumptions can hinder monetary developments. The proposed strategy suggestions include clear correspondence to rebuild public confidence and appropriate monetary enhancement arrangements. By understanding these elements, this exploration provides further insight into the collaboration between shopper brain science and macroeconomics, which is important for planning compelling strategic systems in the face of advanced economies.    

This scientific paper aims to analyze Macroeconomics: The impact of digitalization of the labor market in Islam. The method used in this study is qualitative with in-depth literature analysis. The findings of this study provide an in-depth understanding by analyzing macroeconomics and government efforts to protect workers from the impact of digitalization are contained in the Employment Law Article 164 Paragraph (3). Islam in viewing digitalization today is accepting this development because it is considered a development of science and technology, as contained in Qs. Al-Anbiyat verse 80.

To ensure that people in other developing countries can also enjoy the peace and prosperity brought about by Indonesia's economic development, Indonesia is actively seeking to spread its national economic growth model to these countries. The role of the Indonesian government in implementing development, especially in the economic sector, is very important for the country's success. In macroeconomics, a country's real income level is used as a proxy for its economic growth. Economic growth is the level at which a country's economy is able to increase the standard of living and the total income and standard of living of its citizens. When economists talk about the economy, they usually mean the rise in a country or region's standard of living each year. As a country's population increases, its consumption also increases, which in turn increases daily consumption levels, and demand on sources of income. Inequality and distribution of income is a result of economic growth that cannot be avoided if it does not include the utilization of existing sources of income.    

Analysis of the influence of inflation dynamics in Indonesia on people's purchasing power is an important focus in macroeconomic studies. This research aims to explore the impact of inflation on people's purchasing power in the Indonesian macroeconomic context. The research method used is qualitative, involving observation and interviews by researchers. The research stages are data reduction to shorten, focus and reduce less important things and process the data in such a way that the final conclusion is implemented. From the results of observations and interviews, it can be concluded that the macroeconomic review of inflation in Indonesia illustrates the complex relationship between this phenomenon and people's purchasing power. High inflation can put significant pressure on consumers' ability to purchase goods and services, while moderate inflation with the right policies can provide opportunities for balanced economic growth.      

The objectives of this study include: (1) To find out the transformation of macroeconomic consumption in the digitalization era. (2) To find out the opportunities for macroeconomic consumption in the digitalization era. (3) To find out the challenges of macroeconomic consumption in the digitalization era. This type of research uses field research. The method used in this research uses a qualitative approach. Data collection analysis uses interview analysis, literature study, and literature study. The results of interviews with Sharia Economics students of UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan regarding the transformation of macroeconomic consumption in the digitalization era show a significant impact on economic growth, income distribution, and industrial structure. In addition to pointing out the great opportunities in the digital era, such as increased operational efficiency and market access, it also discusses the challenges faced, such as inequality of internet access and the possibility of job loss. Discussions also addressed positive impacts, such as innovation and economic growth, as well as negative impacts, such as the digital divide and income distribution. To ensure a fair and sustainable impact of digitization in the long run, the importance of balanced regulation, consumer protection, and data security was emphasized.

This research aims to investigate the relationship between savings and investment theory in the concept of economic growth. Savings and investment theory are two main elements in macroeconomi analysis that play an important role in determining the level of economic growth of a country. This research explores the impact of the interaction between savings and investment levels on economie growth. In both conventional and Islamic economic contexts, savings and investments are importan inancial instruments in managing personal finances, supporting economic growth, and achieving the inancial goals of individuals and society as a whole. However, in Islamic economics, both must comply with Sharia principles to create economic justice and religious obedience. reserves of funds that can be used for future consumption or investment. Meanwhile, in Islamic economics, sharia-based savings must comply with sharia principles which prohibit usury and transactions involving haram elements. The goals of savings in Islam include sharia compliance, financial security, and distribution of wealth to the needy.

In the early days, before the creation of money, economic activities or business transactions were carried out through barter or commonly called barter trade. In the exchange process, goods and services were exchanged directly with other goods and services that were mutually needed by the parties involved. At the macro level itself, the parties involved in the production of goods and services can easily and smoothly exchange goods and services by using money as an intermediary. Meanwhile, the domestic sector that receives income in the form of money uses the money to buy goods and services produced by the commercial and manufacturing sectors. It is the changes in these cash flows that cause changes in prices and/or production quantities, for example. It also affects saving behavior, investment and the business cycle. The method in this study is to use a type of qualitative descriptive research. The purpose of this study is to understand and explore the concept of money in Islamic macroeconomics that does not contradict Islamic law.