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Keterbatasan fasilitas loading bay pada perusahaan industri kawat baja berpotensi menyebabkan antrian kendaraan, peningkatan waiting time, dan bottleneck pada aktivitas bongkar muat kontainer impor dan ekspor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas optimalisasi loading bay terhadap peningkatan kinerja bongkar muat kontainer. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif komparatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan studi kasus. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan teori antrian (queueing theory) dengan model antrian M/M/1 berdasarkan data operasional periode Oktober 2025 dan April 2026 yang diperoleh melalui observasi, dokumentasi, dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata waktu kontainer dalam sistem mengalami penurunan dari 818,07 menit / kontainer pada Oktober 2025 menjadi 401,32 menit / kontainer pada April 2026 atau turun sebesar 50,95%. Selain itu, waiting time pada periode Oktober 2025 lebih tinggi dibandingkan April 2026 akibat ketidakseimbangan antara tingkat kedatangan dan kapasitas pelayanan. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada penerapan model antrian M/M/1 sebagai alat analisis untuk mengevaluasi dampak optimasi loading bay terhadap efisiensi bongkar muat pada industri kawat baja. Berbeda dengan penelitian terdahulu yang umumnya berfokus pada pengukuran kinerja antrian, penelitian ini mengintegrasikan analisis parameter antrian sebelum dan sesudah optimasi sehingga mampu menunjukkan pengaruh langsung perbaikan operasional terhadap kinerja sistem.Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa optimasi penggunaan loading bay dan pengelolaan sistem antrian mampu meningkatkan efisiensi operasional bongkar muat secara signifikan. Kontribusi ilmiah penelitian ini adalah memberikan bukti empiris mengenai efektivitas model M/M/1 dalam mendukung evaluasi dan pengambilan keputusan operasional pada fasilitas loading bay, serta menyediakan referensi bagi industri manufaktur yang memiliki keterbatasan kapasitas pelayanan dalam upaya mengurangi bottleneck dan meningkatkan produktivitas logistik.

A conveyor is a tool with a large rubber band arranged transversely between two pulleys at a constant speed as a transporter of solid material in this case coal with the provisions of the permitted amount. Damage to the conveyor tool has a major impact on the smooth running of a coal loading and unloading process, so a coal monitoring tool was designed using an ESP32 microcontroller-based data logger. The purpose of this study is to find out how to design a coal load monitoring tool based on a data logger using the Research and Development (R&D) method type ADDIE. Using the following types of testing: static and dynamic. The research results show that the load monitoring system based on a load cell and ESP32 microcontroller demonstrates high accuracy, with a reading deviation of less than 2% from the actual weight. The system is also considered effective, as it can detect loads, adjust the hatch door angle, and transmit data to Google Spreadsheet in real-time without disruptions. Its ability to adapt to varying loads indicates that the prototype operates stably, responsively, and in accordance with the design objectives.

The loading and unloading process involves moving goods from one place to another, often requiring specialized equipment such as a wire crane. In maritime operations, unexpected incidents like wire crane breakage can occur. Wire crane breakage refers to damage in the sling wire of a ship's crane, reducing its lifting capacity and causing the wire fibres to unravel. During sea-based fieldwork on the MV. Pacific Bulk, researchers observed a wire crane failure during loading and unloading operations, which caused delays and financial losses. This study aims to identify the causes of wire crane breakage on the MV. Pacific Bulk and examine its technical and operational impacts. Using a qualitative descriptive method and fishbone analysis for data interpretation, the study found several contributing factors: wire corrosion, crane age, lack of standard operating procedures (SOPs) for crane maintenance, insufficient crew, inadequate maintenance, lack of routine inspections, and challenging environmental conditions. The research also highlights the technical and operational consequences of such failures, including delays and economic loss. To address the issue, the study suggests implementing scheduled periodic inspections following SOPs, applying regular lubrication, and maintaining data records of the wire crane’s lifespan. These preventative measures aim to improve operational efficiency and avoid future wire crane failures.

Background: General anesthesia is the act of administering a combination of drugs during surgery with the aim of reducing consciousness and eliminating pain in the patient. There are 2.5% of patients experiencing intra-anesthesia complications including hypotension.Objective: To determine the comparison of giving fluid loading and reducing inhaled gas with giving ephedrine to prevent hypotension in patients in central surgery installations.Research Metod: Quantitative method with experimental research type with quasi-experiment. This research used a Pretest-Posttest Two Group Design with 22 respondents.Research Result: Based on test statistics, it is known that the results of the Independent Sample T Test data analysis test show a P value (>0.05), namely H0 is accepted. Based on this test, it was concluded that there was no significant relationship between administering fluid loading and reducing inhaled gas with administering ephedrine to prevent hypotension.Conclusion: Based on this research, researchers are more effective in using fluid loading and reducing inhaled gas than administering ephedrine in the ETT technique for general anesthesia.

Crew Boat is a ship used to transport crews and supply food, water, and equipment to support offshore oil drilling activities. The crew boat 40 M was built at PT. FGH has a hull of 12 people and a passenger carrying capacity of 70 people. This ship also has 3 prime movers so that the ship can go at speeds of up to 25 knots. When the ship operates from the port to the oil drilling site carrying full passengers and other equipment that supports the oil drilling, it is expected that this Crew Boat ship is expected to be able to carry passengers and other equipment stably or not sway. So this research was conducted to determine the stability of the Crew Boat. Ship stability is obtained by modeling using the Maxsurf modeler to make a ship hull model and also using Maxsurf Stability with 3 different loadings. Obtained from the research results of the Crew Boat 40 M ship built at PT.FGH meets the modification criteria with IMO Intact Stability and the ship is suitable for use according to its function.