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Pesatnya kemajuan teknologi digital telah mempercepat adopsi *Internet of Things* (IoT) dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan sehari-hari. IoT memungkinkan perangkat fisik untuk berkomunikasi dan bertukar data melalui konektivitas internet, sehingga proses menjadi lebih otomatis, efisien, dan responsif. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemanfaatan IoT dalam meningkatkan efisiensi kehidupan sehari-hari melalui pendekatan tinjauan pustaka. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah *Systematic Literature Review* (SLR), yang mengkaji dan menyintesis temuan dari berbagai studi terdahulu mengenai penerapan IoT di berbagai sektor, seperti rumah pintar (*smart home*), layanan kesehatan, transportasi, pertanian, dan pemantauan lingkungan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa IoT berkontribusi signifikan terhadap peningkatan efisiensi operasional, penghematan energi, perbaikan proses pengambilan keputusan, serta peningkatan kenyamanan pengguna. Terlepas dari berbagai manfaat tersebut, masih terdapat sejumlah tantangan, termasuk keamanan data, masalah privasi, interoperabilitas antarperangkat, biaya implementasi, dan ketergantungan pada infrastruktur internet yang stabil. Temuan studi ini menunjukkan bahwa IoT telah menjadi salah satu teknologi kunci yang mendukung transformasi digital dan peningkatan kualitas hidup. Pengembangan di masa mendatang diharapkan berfokus pada penguatan aspek keamanan, perluasan standar interoperabilitas, dan integrasi kecerdasan buatan (*artificial intelligence*) guna memaksimalkan efektivitas penerapan IoT dalam aktivitas sehari-hari.  

Kemiskinan masih menjadi permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh Provinsi Jawa Timur. Kondisi ini dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, diantaranya Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) dan Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data sekunder berbentuk deret waktu (time series) periode 2010–2024 yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Provinsi Jawa Timur. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda dengan bantuan program EViews. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial IPM memiliki pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kemiskinan di Provinsi Jawa Timur, sedangkan TPT berpengaruh positif namun tidak signifikan. Secara simultan, IPM dan TPT berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kualitas pembangunan manusia melalui aspek pendidikan, kesehatan, dan standar hidup yang layak dapat menjadi salah satu strategi dalam menurunkan tingkat kemiskinan di Provinsi Jawa Timur.

Latar Belakang: Kehilangan seluruh gigi (complete edentulism) dapat menyebabkan gangguan fungsi mastikasi, fonetik, estetika, serta menurunkan kualitas hidup dan kepercayaan diri pasien. Gigi tiruan lengkap (GTL) berbahan resin akrilik masih menjadi pilihan rehabilitasi yang banyak digunakan karena memiliki sifat estetik yang baik, mudah dimanipulasi, dan relatif ekonomis. Laporan Kasus: Seorang pasien perempuan berusia 42 tahun datang ke Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Soelastri Surakarta dengan keluhan kehilangan seluruh gigi pada rahang atas dan rahang bawah sejak tiga tahun yang lalu. Pasien mengalami kesulitan mengunyah, berbicara, dan merasa kurang percaya diri terhadap penampilannya. Pemeriksaan klinis menunjukkan kondisi edentulous lengkap pada kedua rahang disertai penurunan dimensi vertikal wajah. Rencana perawatan berupa pembuatan gigi tiruan lengkap berbahan resin akrilik heat-cured. Tahapan perawatan meliputi pencetakan anatomis dan fisiologis, pembuatan sendok cetak individual, pencatatan hubungan rahang, penyusunan gigi tiruan, try-in, insersi, serta evaluasi pasca pemasangan. Hasil: Setelah pemasangan gigi tiruan lengkap, diperoleh retensi dan stabilisasi yang baik, oklusi yang harmonis, serta perbaikan fungsi mastikasi, fonetik, dan estetika. Pada evaluasi satu minggu pasca-insersi, pasien tidak mengeluhkan rasa sakit maupun ketidaknyamanan, kondisi jaringan pendukung dalam keadaan sehat, dan pasien menyatakan puas terhadap hasil perawatan. Kesimpulan: Rehabilitasi pasien edentulous lengkap menggunakan gigi tiruan lengkap resin akrilik memberikan hasil klinis yang baik dalam mengembalikan fungsi pengunyahan, bicara, dan estetika. Keberhasilan perawatan dipengaruhi oleh ketepatan prosedur klinis, kualitas pembuatan gigi tiruan, serta kerja sama yang baik antara dokter gigi dan pasien.

Breast cancer has a high global incidence and is the most prevalent cancer among women. Chemotherapy is a primary treatment option, but it may cause various physical and psychological side effects that can reduce patients’ quality of life. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and examine the relationship between chemotherapy side effects and quality of life at the outpatient unit of Ciremai Hospital. A cross-sectional analytical observational design was applied, with 30 patients receiving chemotherapy between May and July as the sample. Data were collected from medical records and the Indonesian version of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, then analyzed using Spearman rank correlation. Most patients were aged 40–60 years, had a senior high school education, were housewives, and were in the 2nd or 5th chemotherapy cycle. Frequently reported side effects included nausea, vomiting, decreased appetite, early satiety, dizziness, sleep disturbances, body pain, and alopecia, mostly categorized as moderate. Most patients had a relatively poor quality of life. The analysis indicated a strong positive correlation between chemotherapy side effects and patients’ quality of life, with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.604 (p = 0.000 < 0.05), demonstrating a significant and strong relationship.

Breast cancer has a high global incidence and is the most prevalent cancer among women. Chemotherapy is a primary treatment option, but it may cause various physical and psychological side effects that can reduce patients’ quality of life. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and examine the relationship between chemotherapy side effects and quality of life at the outpatient unit of Ciremai Hospital. A cross-sectional analytical observational design was applied, with 30 patients receiving chemotherapy between May and July as the sample. Data were collected from medical records and the Indonesian version of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, then analyzed using Spearman rank correlation. Most patients were aged 40–60 years, had a senior high school education, were housewives, and were in the 2nd or 5th chemotherapy cycle. Frequently reported side effects included nausea, vomiting, decreased appetite, early satiety, dizziness, sleep disturbances, body pain, and alopecia, mostly categorized as moderate. Most patients had a relatively poor quality of life. The analysis indicated a strong positive correlation between chemotherapy side effects and patients’ quality of life, with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.604 (p = 0.000 < 0.05), demonstrating a significant and strong relationship.

Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang pesat di Indonesia telah mendorong pertumbuhan industri secara signifikan. Meskipun memberikan dampak positif terhadap peningkatan perekonomian masyarakat, pertumbuhan industri juga menimbulkan dampak negatif apabila tidak diiringi dengan pengelolaan lingkungan yang baik, seperti pencemaran dan kerusakan lingkungan hidup. Salah satu solusi yang dapat diterapkan dalam mengurangi dampak tersebut adalah pengelolaan limbah cair melalui sistem Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL). PT. X, sebagai perusahaan BUMN, turut berkontribusi dalam pengelolaan lingkungan melalui penerapan IPAL. Fokus IPAL di PT. X meliputi perencanaan dan rekayasa instalasi, audit dan inspeksi sistem air, serta monitoring dan pengujian kualitas limbah, khususnya limbah domestik. Limbah domestik, yang berasal dari aktivitas rumah tangga seperti air bekas mandi, mencuci, dan dapur, diolah melalui metode IPAL agar dapat dimanfaatkan kembali untuk keperluan non-konsumsi, seperti penyiraman tanaman dan irigasi. Pengolahan ini menjadi langkah strategis dalam mendukung pembangunan industri yang ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan.

Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang pesat di Indonesia telah mendorong pertumbuhan industri secara signifikan. Meskipun memberikan dampak positif terhadap peningkatan perekonomian masyarakat, pertumbuhan industri juga menimbulkan dampak negatif apabila tidak diiringi dengan pengelolaan lingkungan yang baik, seperti pencemaran dan kerusakan lingkungan hidup. Salah satu solusi yang dapat diterapkan dalam mengurangi dampak tersebut adalah pengelolaan limbah cair melalui sistem Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL). PT. X, sebagai perusahaan BUMN, turut berkontribusi dalam pengelolaan lingkungan melalui penerapan IPAL. Fokus IPAL di PT. X meliputi perencanaan dan rekayasa instalasi, audit dan inspeksi sistem air, serta monitoring dan pengujian kualitas limbah, khususnya limbah domestik. Limbah domestik, yang berasal dari aktivitas rumah tangga seperti air bekas mandi, mencuci, dan dapur, diolah melalui metode IPAL agar dapat dimanfaatkan kembali untuk keperluan non-konsumsi, seperti penyiraman tanaman dan irigasi. Pengolahan ini menjadi langkah strategis dalam mendukung pembangunan industri yang ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan.

The growing elderly population in nursing homes is often accompanied by physical and psychosocial declines that negatively impact their quality of life. This study aims to analyze the effect of occupational therapy implementation on the quality of life among the elderly at the Jambi Nursing Home. Utilizing a quantitative pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach, this study involved 30 elderly respondents selected through sampling mehtods. Data were collected using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire and analyzed using the Paired Sample T-Test. The results revealed that prior to the intervention, the majority of respondents (53,4%) had a poor quality of life. However, after receiving a two-week occupational therapy program, their quality of life significantly improved, with 60% of respondents shifting into the good category. Bivariant analysis demonstrated a p-value of 0,000 (p <0,05). Indicating a significant influence of occupational therapy, Occupational therapy is proven effective as a non-pharmacological intervention to enhance independence and well-being among the elderly in in institutional care.

Hypertension is a chronic disease whose management is substantially determined by an individual's capacity to access and utilize health-related information. Inadequate health literacy may lead to poor medication adherence and diminished quality of life. This study aimed to examine the association between health literacy, medication adherence, and quality of life among hypertensive patients at Polresta Sleman. An observational analytic quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach was employed, involving 80 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using the HLS-ID-SF12, MARS-5, and WHOQOL-BREF instruments. Bivariate analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation, while multivariate analysis applied multiple linear regression. Results revealed that health literacy significantly correlated with medication adherence (r = 0.469; p < 0.05) and quality of life (r = 0.447; p < 0.05). Medication adherence also demonstrated a significant correlation with quality of life (r = 0.615; p < 0.05). Simultaneously, both variables accounted for 41.1% of the variance in quality of life (R² = 0.411; p < 0.05). These findings underscore the importance of jointly improving health literacy and medication adherence as an evidence-based strategy to optimize quality of life in hypertensive patients.

Hypertension is a chronic disease whose management is substantially determined by an individual's capacity to access and utilize health-related information. Inadequate health literacy may lead to poor medication adherence and diminished quality of life. This study aimed to examine the association between health literacy, medication adherence, and quality of life among hypertensive patients at Polresta Sleman. An observational analytic quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach was employed, involving 80 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using the HLS-ID-SF12, MARS-5, and WHOQOL-BREF instruments. Bivariate analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation, while multivariate analysis applied multiple linear regression. Results revealed that health literacy significantly correlated with medication adherence (r = 0.469; p < 0.05) and quality of life (r = 0.447; p < 0.05). Medication adherence also demonstrated a significant correlation with quality of life (r = 0.615; p < 0.05). Simultaneously, both variables accounted for 41.1% of the variance in quality of life (R² = 0.411; p < 0.05). These findings underscore the importance of jointly improving health literacy and medication adherence as an evidence-based strategy to optimize quality of life in hypertensive patients.

This community service activity aims to enhance public understanding of the role of infrastructure in supporting quality of life, particularly through the utilization of the Sub PPKBD Tambakkemerakan Community Hall in Krian as a social and educational space. The method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR), which emphasizes active community involvement in every stage of the activity, from problem identification to program implementation. The activities were carried out through a series of events that combined elements of togetherness, religiosity, and education, such as communal iftar (breaking the fast), congregational prayers, and an offline webinar featuring student speakers.The results indicate an improvement in community understanding of the importance of utilizing social infrastructure not only as a gathering place but also as a medium for learning and empowerment. In addition, the activity strengthened social interaction, increased community solidarity, and encouraged active participation in utilizing available facilities more productively. Despite several challenges, such as time constraints and differences in participants’ levels of understanding, the activity overall had a positive impact in promoting the optimization of social infrastructure functions. Therefore, the continuation of similar programs is necessary to support sustainable improvements in community quality of life.

This community service activity aims to enhance public understanding of the role of infrastructure in supporting quality of life, particularly through the utilization of the Sub PPKBD Tambakkemerakan Community Hall in Krian as a social and educational space. The method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR), which emphasizes active community involvement in every stage of the activity, from problem identification to program implementation. The activities were carried out through a series of events that combined elements of togetherness, religiosity, and education, such as communal iftar (breaking the fast), congregational prayers, and an offline webinar featuring student speakers.The results indicate an improvement in community understanding of the importance of utilizing social infrastructure not only as a gathering place but also as a medium for learning and empowerment. In addition, the activity strengthened social interaction, increased community solidarity, and encouraged active participation in utilizing available facilities more productively. Despite several challenges, such as time constraints and differences in participants’ levels of understanding, the activity overall had a positive impact in promoting the optimization of social infrastructure functions. Therefore, the continuation of similar programs is necessary to support sustainable improvements in community quality of life.

Thalassemia is a chronic genetic disease that requires long-term treatment and affects children's quality of life physically, psychologically, socially, and academically due to chronic anemia and regular blood transfusion needs. This study aimed to determine factors influencing the quality of life of children with thalassemia at Rumah Sakit Anak dan Bunda Harapan Kita. A descriptive design with a cross sectional approach was used, involving 41 respondents through total sampling. Data were collected using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scale) and respondent characteristics including age, gender, socioeconomic status, parental education, and frequency of blood transfusions. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test. The results showed most respondents were under ten years old, female, from families with socioeconomic status below the minimum wage, had parents with high school or higher education, and received blood transfusions every three weeks. Bivariate analysis indicated only the frequency of blood transfusions was significantly associated with quality of life, while other variables were not. Thus, transfusion frequency is the main factor influencing quality of life in children with thalassemia.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by progressive and not fully reversible airflow limitation. Dyspnea is the primary symptom experienced by COPD patients and significantly affects their quality of life, especially among those hospitalized. This condition may lead to activity limitation, psychological distress, and decreased social functioning. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the level of dyspnea and the quality of life of COPD patients in the pulmonary inpatient ward of Cut Nyak Dhien General Hospital Meulaboh. This study employed an analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of hospitalized COPD patients selected using purposive sampling. Dyspnea severity was measured using the Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale, while quality of life was assessed using the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test to determine the relationship between variables.The results showed that most respondents experienced moderate to severe dyspnea and had poor quality of life. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between dyspnea level and quality of life (p < 0.05) with a negative correlation.In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between dyspnea severity and quality of life in COPD patients, where higher dyspnea levels are associated with lower quality of life.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from impaired insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Globally, DM continues to pose a growing health challenge, particularly type 2 DM, which is closely associated with insulin resistance. In this condition, body cells fail to respond effectively to insulin, so even though the pancreas initially produces sufficient or excessive amounts of insulin, its effectiveness gradually declines. Over time, pancreatic beta-cell function deteriorates, further exacerbating chronic hyperglycemia. This persistent condition may lead to long-term complications, including nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular diseases, through mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The prevalence of type 2 DM is expected to continue rising, including in Indonesia, highlighting the need for comprehensive management strategies. An important aspect of DM management is the assessment of health-related quality of life. Quality of life reflects an individual’s perception of their health status within social and cultural contexts. This can be evaluated using generic instruments such as the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. In this case report, the quality of life of a patient with type 2 DM was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF to provide a comprehensive understanding of the disease’s impact on the patient’s daily life.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly significantly impacts quality of life (QoL) due to physiological changes in aging, comorbidities,and the risk of chronic complications. Nutritional management is considered a key intervention to improve glycemic control and functional status in the elderly.Objective: To review the current evidence regarding the effect of nutritional interventions on the quality of life in elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus through a Literature Review approach.Methods: The Literature Review was conducted by identifying articles from the Scopus database published in 2020–2025. The review process included screening based on inclusion-exclusion criteria, eligibility assessment, and narrative synthesis of relevant studies,including controlled trials,quasi-experimental studies, observational studies, and systematic observations.Results: From the selected studies, interventions with a low glycemic index diet and a balanced diet have been shown to reduce HbA1c levels and the risk of complications; a multicomponent program combining diet and exercise produces synergistic effects on glucose control, physical function,and quality of life.Structured nutrition education (DSME) and family involvement improve satisfaction and metabolic outcomes.The use of technology (mobile apps) shows potential in monitoring intake and glucose,although digital literacy challenges and limited sample size and study design are often limitations.Conclusion: Targeted nutrition interventions, especially when combined with exercise, education,family support,and age-friendly technology,have the potential to improve metabolic control and quality of life in older adults with T2DM.Recommendation: Large-scale RCTs and more robust longitudinal studies are needed to establish the long-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of multicomponent nutrition interventions and technology adaptations for older adults with multimorbidity.

Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK) merupakan penyakit progresif yang ditandai oleh hambatan aliran udara yang tidak sepenuhnya reversibel, serta memiliki tingkat kepatuhan pengobatan yang rendah. Salah satu strategi yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan adalah melalui konseling oleh apoteker. Tujuan dari tinjauan literatur ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh konseling apoteker terhadap tingkat kepatuhan pengobatan pada pasien PPOK. Pencarian data dilakukan melalui beberapa basis data, yaitu Google Scholar, Springer, ScienceDirect, dan PubMed dengan topik yang relevan. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa konseling apoteker secara signifikan meningkatkan pemahaman pasien mengenai penyakit PPOK, manajemen eksaserbasi, dan teknik penggunaan inhaler yang benar. Selain itu, konseling juga berperan dalam mengurangi kecemasan, meningkatkan kepercayaan diri, efikasi diri, dan pengelolaan terapi yang lebih baik. Dengan demikian, implementasi konseling apoteker dalam praktik klinis sangat dianjurkan sebagai upaya meningkatkan kepatuhan pengobatan dan memperbaiki kualitas hidup pasien PPOK.

Latar belakang: Diabetes melitus tipe 2 merupakan masalah kesehatan kronis yang ditandai hiperglikemia persisten dan berisiko menimbulkan komplikasi jangka panjang. Aktivitas fisik merupakan salah satu intervensi non-farmakologis yang berperan penting dalam membantu pengendalian kadar glukosa darah pada penyandang diabetes melitus. Tujuan: Literatur review ini menganalisis pengaruh berbagai bentuk aktivitas fisik—termasuk senam kaki, senam diabetes, jalan kaki, senam Prolanis, serta aktivitas fisik harian intensitas sedang—terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah pada pasien DM tipe 2. Metode: Kajian dilakukan terhadap 16 artikel penelitian terbitan 2021–2025 yang diperoleh melalui Google Scholar dan PubMed. Hasil: Seluruh penelitian menunjukkan hasil yang konsisten bahwa aktivitas fisik mampu meningkatkan sensitivitas insulin, memperbaiki metabolisme glukosa, dan menurunkan kadar glukosa darah puasa maupun sewaktu. Intervensi senam kaki dan senam diabetes menunjukkan penurunan signifikan rata-rata 29–160 mg/dL. Aktivitas jalan kaki terstruktur juga memberikan penurunan glukosa yang konsisten. Beberapa penelitian melaporkan bahwa kombinasi aktivitas fisik dan edukasi kesehatan meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien dalam pengelolaan penyakit. Kesimpulan: Aktivitas fisik merupakan pilar penting dalam manajemen DM tipe 2, memberikan manfaat fisiologis, perilaku, dan kualitas hidup yang melengkapi terapi farmakologis. Diperlukan penelitian lanjutan dengan durasi intervensi lebih panjang untuk mengevaluasi dampak jangka panjang terhadap HbA1c dan komplikasi diabetes.

Background: Elderly people were a vulnerable population who experienced physical, psychological, social, and environmental changes that could reduce their quality of life. One important factor influencing quality of life was social support. Social support played a crucial role in helping alderly people improve their well-being and life satisfaction. Elderly people who received high social support from family, friends, or their environment tended to feel more valued, loved, and cared for. Method: This study employed a quantitative method with a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of 204 elderly people living in Pucang Gading Social Service Home, Semarang and Wening Wardoyo Social Servise Home, Ungaran. A total of 135 respondents were selection using non probability sampling. Data were collected using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) to measure social support and the WHOQOL-OLD questionnaire to assess quality of life of older adults. Data analysis was conducted using the Somers’d test with a significance level of 0,05. Results: The results showed that most respondents have high social support (60,7%) and high quality of life (74,1%). The somers’d test indicated a p-value = 0,000 (p<0,05) and a correlation coefficient (r) of 0,508, indicating a positive relationship with moderate strength. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between social support and quality of life among elderly people at social homes in Semarang. Increasing social support from family, peers, and the institutional environment could help elderly people experience their later years more happily, meaningfully, and prosperously.

Taman burung di kawasan perkotaan merupakan salah satu strategi integrasi lanskap ekosistem yang mampu mendukung keberlanjutan lingkungan sekaligus meningkatkan kualitas ruang hijau kota. Penelitian ini mengkaji Taman 3 Generasi Balikpapan sebagai studi kasus untuk mengevaluasi sejauh mana elemen desain lanskapnya memenuhi kriteria taman burung yang ramah ekosistem. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui observasi langsung dan analisis, penelitian menilai aspek struktural (jalur, kontur, elemen air, tempat berlindung, dan fasilitas pendukung) serta aspek vegetatif (jenis dan fungsi vegetasi). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar elemen fisik Taman 3 Generasi telah sesuai dengan prinsip desain taman burung, terutama pada keberadaan elemen air, rumah burung, serta vegetasi yang menyediakan sumber makanan dan tempat berlindung. Namun, keterbatasan variasi kontur dan spesies tanaman tertentu masih menjadi faktor yang perlu ditingkatkan untuk memperkuat fungsi ekologisnya. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa Taman 3 Generasi memiliki potensi sebagai model integrasi desain lanskap ekosistem pada taman burung perkotaan, sekaligus memberikan kontribusi bagi konservasi biodiversitas dan peningkatan kualitas lingkungan hidup di kawasan urban.