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Physical and cognitive development in middle childhood undergoes many significant changes. Children at this age develop problem-solving skills, abstract thinking, and language development in cognitive aspects. They have the ability to understand the concepts of time and space, as well as improve their reading and writing skills. At this stage, physical development includes rapid body growth, muscle strengthening, and improved motor coordination. Children usually experience rapid height growth and organ development. Physical activities and activities involving movement are becoming increasingly important for achieving an optimal level of physical fitness. These two components are interrelated, and good physical health can support cognitive development. Positive simulations, environmental factors, and education also played an important role in shaping the holistic development of the time.        

This research discusses efforts to introduce cognitive learning theory into the 2013 curriculum in the educational environment. Her research focus is on understanding how key principles of cognitive learning theory, including concepts such as information processing, knowledge construction, and the development of higher-order thinking skills, can be integrated into new curriculum structures. Research methods include analysis of official 2013 curriculum documents, interviews with teachers, and observation of classroom learning practices. The results show that although real efforts have been made to adopt the principles of cognitive learning theory, their implementation still faces certain challenges. Limited resources, teacher understanding of cognitive concepts, and adaptation of learning materials are several important factors that influence successful implementation. Therefore, this research provides recommendations for improving teacher training, adapting learning materials, and increasing resource support so that the 2013 curriculum more effectively achieves students' cognitive learning goals.

This journal discusses cognitive development during early childhood. The aim of writing the journal is to find out how cognitive development occurs during early childhood, the advantages of cognitive development during early childhood, as well as language abilities and other cognitive abilities. The method used is literature study, namely by searching for materials and references from books, journals and articles. The results show that the early childhood period is called preoperational, this period starts from the age of 2 to 7 years. Preoperational uses symbols, categorization, and numbers. Other cognitive abilities are life, death, bodily functions, space, weight, numbers, time, social impressions, beauty and cuteness.

Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam melakukan penilaian pada aspek kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik. Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilaksanakan di kelas VII SMP Negeri Gudang Arang Merauke dengan total jumlah peserta12 orang guru bidang studi. Adapun guru bidang studi yang terlibat yakni guru Bahasa Indonesia, guru matematika, guru Pendidikan agama, guru olahraga, guru IPA. Dengan adanya kegiatan pengabdian ini para guru dapat memahami teknik penilaian dan dapat melakukan penilaian secara tepat. Pengabdian ini memberikan kontribusi pada semua pelajaran karena setiap pelajaran tentunya melakukan penilaian kepada siswa. Pengabdian ini dilakukan dalam bentuk workshop yang meliputi sosialisasi dalam bentuk pelatihan dan pendampingan serta diakhiri dengan diskusi bersama. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah para guru dapat memahami dengan baik pentingnya sebuah penilain jika dilakukan secara objektif pada ketiga aspek kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik.  

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is a major cardiovascular problem because it causes high rates of hospitalization and mortality. The clinical manifestations of ACS are that the patient feels pain and discomfort that is not specific in the chest and legs radiating to the neck, left shoulder and arms and back then accompanied by cold sweat, nausea, vomiting, weakness and dizziness and can faint which occurs suddenly with high intensity.  Objective: To find out the results of applying Thermotherapy therapy to relieve chest pain in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Moewardi Surakarta. Method: This type of research is a descriptive case study. The application was carried out on 2 patients selected by purposive sampling method with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thermotherapy is carried out for 10-20 minutes 1x/day for 3 days. The research instrument used SOP foot massage, hemodynamic status observation sheets, and informed consent. Results: After being given the application to both respondents for 1 time a day for 3 consecutive days, a decrease in the level of the chest pain scale was found in the patient Mr. S with a pain scale level before being carried out by Thermotherapy therapy, severe pain and after being carried out by Thermotherapy therapy for 1 time in 3 consecutive days to mild pain. Meanwhile, in the patient Mr. A with the level of pain scale before the Thermotherapy therapy is severe pain and after the Thermotherapy therapy is done for 1 time in 3 consecutive days it becomes mild pain. Conclusion: there is a reduction in the chest pain scale in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome at RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta after being given thermotherapy.

Education is a very important level for every individual, especially at the golden age, early childhood education is the first education for children before they enter a higher level of education such as elementary school. To prepare things and various intelligences possessed by children, especially cognitive intelligence, effective and interesting learning methods are held, one method that is suitable for early childhood learning is the repetitive or repetition method. This method is applied to early childhood in Citeureup Village, precisely in the Sumurjaya Village, for early childhood to be provisioned when they enter elementary school education. The purpose of applying this repetitive method is so that pre-school children in the Sumur Jaya village are more mature and ready to go to elementary school. The research method used in this research is qualitative. The result after this research was carried out, there was a significant change in the introduction of learning for early childhood

Anxiety is a normal emotion that everyone has. Anxiety appears as a brain response to stress that warns of potential danger. Problems arise if the anxiety occurs continuously and even interferes with life. Anxiety like this can have a bad impact on body health and this is what is called an anxiety disorder. To reduce this anxiety problem, deep breathing relaxation and cognitive therapy can be done. The aim of community service is to find out about the application of the Si Mas Latif application (Overcoming Anxiety with Relaxation and Cognitive Therapy), in people who experience psychosocial anxiety problems at the Kertasemaya Health Center, Indramayu Regency.The method used is to create an application that can be used as a guide in overcoming anxiety using deep breathing therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy and outreach to program holders and the community using health services.Result: availability of the Si Mas Latif application (Overcoming Anxiety with Relaxation and Cognitive Therapy) and this application has been in HKI and socialization has been carried out to the Kertasemaya Community Health Center program holders.

Kemampuan penalaran matematis adalah kemampuan yang dinilai penting dimiliki siswa dalam mempelajari matematika. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita SPLDV. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode tes dan wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil pekerjaan siswa terhadap soal tes, siswa dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok kemampuan kognitif yaitu tinggi, sedang, dan rendah, masing-masing kelompok dipilih satu orang untuk dijadikan subjek penelitian. Dengan demikian subjek penelitian ini ada tiga orang yaitu siswa dengan kemampuan kognitif tinggi (T), sedang (S), dan rendah (R). Indikator pertama penalaran matematis yaitu mengajukan dugaan mampu dipenuhi oleh subjek T, S, dan R. Indikator kedua penalaran matematis yaitu manipulasi matematika mampu dipenuhi oleh subjek T dan subjek S. Indikator ketiga penalaran matematis yaitu memberikan bukti dan alasan terhadap solusi yang dioeroleh hanya mampu dipenuhi oleh subjek T. Indikator keempat penalaran matematis yaitu menarik kesimpulan tidak dapat dipenuhi oleh ketiga subjek.

An elderly person is someone who has reached the age of 60 years and over. One of the health problems that often occurs in the elderly is a decline in memory, learning and cognitive abilities in the elderly which causes them to have difficulty interacting and being difficult to understand. Conditions that affect cognitive abilities in the elderly are called dementia. Dementia is a chronic and progressive decline in memory and thinking function, causing disruption of functional activities. Nursing interventions that can be given to the elderly to improve cognitive function in the occurrence of dementia include brain gymnastics. The case study design used is descriptive research. The method used to collect data is using the Android-based MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination), namely MEFuKo (MMSE for Cognitive Function) to determine the level of dementia in the elderly. Brain exercise therapy (brain gym) is carried out for 7 consecutive days, 1 meeting per day with a duration of 15 minutes. Subject I's MMSE score before brain exercise therapy was 16 (presence of definite cognitive impairment) increased to 19 (presence of probable cognitive impairment) and there was an increase of 3 in total MMSE scores. The MMSE score in subject II before brain exercise therapy was 19 (possible cognitive impairment), after therapy the MMSE score became 23 (probable cognitive impairment) and there was an increase of 4 in total MMSE scores. The more activities you do, the less likely it is that seniors will experience a decline in cognitive function. The conclusion is that there was an increase in cognitive function in the two case study subjects which illustrate the application of brain gym therapy to cognitive function in elderly people with dementia. Brain exercise therapy is recommended to improve working memory function which can improve the quality of life of the elderly.  

Analisa transaksional adalah perilaku perilaku – aktivitas pendukung kognitif untuk mengoptimalkan ego individu – setiap ego individu menggerakkan hidup kita sesuai dengan pikiran, dan kita dibatasi pada panca indera, pikiran dan intelek (akal), dan juga mengidentifikasi diri kita dengan istilah-istilah sampai taraf tertentu. Sehingga perlu diatasi agar dapat membantu siswa dalam memahami dirinya, yaitu status status ego yang dapat diturunkan dalam menjalankan perannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh informasi umum dari informasi Status Ego Siswa Kelas IX SMP Negeri 1 Bonjol. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskripti dengan bentuk penelitian survei. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 40 siswa. Hasil analisis menunjukkan siswa kelas IX SMP Negeri 1 Bonjol mencapai hasil 58% ego anak dengan kategori “Rendah”, 96% ego orang dewasa dengan kategori “Tinggi” dan ego orang tua 91% dengan kategori “Tinggi”. kategori.

This research was conducted to find out the impact of mathematics learning on the cognitive abilities and life skills of elementary school students. This research uses a questionnaire to find out how they have learned mathematics. This research uses a qualitative approach by utilizing a questionnaire as an instrument. The distribution contained 15 questionnaire statements given to 18 class VI students. The results of the analysis show that most mathematics learning has a positive impact on students' cognitive and life skills. Through mathematics lessons, students can hone their ability to think critically, systematically, so that they can solve problems from the questions they are given and problems found in everyday life. Although there are still many who do not feel the benefits of mathematics itself.

Background: Midleage is a process that all humans will experience, a process that will be marked by memory impairment, understanding and concentration. That decline is commonly referred to asa decline in cognitive function. It's a therapeutic technique that gives the brain a stimulus to increase cognitive function so as to maintain memory function, a concentration of learning and understanding memory. Purpose: describe improvements seen after and before, improvements and comparative cognitive function. Method: this study is a therapeutic study with case studies using a descriptive method. Results: the study shows that prior to her cerebral palsy, Mrs. V and Mrs. V. The same "s" has a mild cognitive decline, after five brain calist-therapy meetings in five weeks and 15 minutes both respondents have increased cognitive function to normal. Conclusion: cerebral exercise can increase cognitive function in Midleage in the village of Bororejo.

This research aims to see how the mathematical thinking abilities of students who have a field independent cognitive style are based on Shafer and Foster's theory. This research uses a descriptive approach. The sample for this research is 3 class VII students of SMP Negeri 6 Purworejo. The technique for selecting subjects in this research was purposive sampling technique. The data collection techniques used were mathematical thinking test methods, interview methods and documentation. The data analysis technique used is reduction, presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of research regarding the level of mathematical thinking ability based on Shafer and Foster's theory in solving algebra material problems showed that students at SMP Negeri 6 Purworejo who had a field independent cognitive style in solving the reproduction level were able to know basic facts, namely knowing and writing down any information that could be known in questions and determine the problem correctly, at the completion of the connection level students are able to integrate information, namely explaining the steps to solve the problem correctly and applying the right algorithm to solve the problem, at the completion of the analysis level students are able to mathematize situations, namely being able to change real problems into mathematical form by make equations and make generalizations, namely being able to find the correct answer.

Mathematics anxiety has long been recognized as a barrier to student achievement, particularly in an era where digital technologies are reshaping education. This study aims to investigate the role of cognitive psychology in modern mathematics learning as a means of reducing math anxiety and enhancing numerical creativity among digital generation learners. Employing an experimental classroom design informed by neuroeducation principles, the research explored how interventions rooted in cognitive regulation, emotional control, and cognitive load management influence student outcomes. Data were collected through pre-test and post-test instruments measuring levels of math anxiety and creativity in numerical problem-solving. The findings demonstrate a significant reduction in mathematics anxiety following the implementation of the neuroeducation-based intervention. Simultaneously, students exhibited marked improvements in creative approaches to numerical challenges, indicating that addressing psychological factors is essential to unlocking mathematical potential. These results highlight the importance of integrating cognitive psychology into mathematics instruction, moving beyond procedural learning toward a holistic approach that considers students’ emotional and cognitive states. The implications extend to educators, curriculum designers, and policymakers, suggesting that modern mathematics education should balance cognitive development, emotional well-being, and creative problem-solving skills to prepare students for the challenges of a rapidly evolving digital world.

Stunting merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat terutama pada negara yang sedang berkembang dan penghasilan rendah sampai menengah. Stunting saat ini termasuk masalah gizi kronis yang terdapat di negara Indonesia dan selalu dikaitkan dengan keadaan kurang gizi kronik atau kegagalan dalam pertumbuhan. Stunting dapat mengakibatkan gangguan perkembangan kognitif, motorik, bahasa serta dapat meningkatkan mortalitas dan morbiditas. Di samping itu juga dapat penurunan kemampuan fungsi kognitif, rendahnya prestasi belajar, dan juga imunitas lemah sehingga rentan terhadap penyakit infeksi.  Tingkat kesadaran masyarakat merupakan tantangan terbesar dalam upaya pencegahan stunting terutama ibu hamil. Ibu hamil yang mempunyai pengetahuan baik tentang pencegahan stunting akan memperhatikan asupan gizi selama masa kehamilan. Dari hasil paparan perlu dilakukan pengabdian masyarakat “IbM pemberdayaan keluarga dengan ibu hamil untuk pencegahan stunting melalui paket ESiD (Edukasi, Simulasi, Diskusi)”. Kegiatan ini terdiri dari edukasi, simulasi, diskusi, serta monitoring. Target luaran berupa tercapainya pemberdayaan masyarakat dan meningkatnya pengetahuan keluarga dengan ibu hamil, terpublikasinya hasil pengabdian masyarakat di jurnal nasional, serta media elektronik.

: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan siswa dalam menggunakan penalaran matematis sebagai acuan untuk melaksanakan serta menerapkan konsep penalaran matematis yang telah disampaikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian yaitu siswa kelas 4 SDN 1 Gamong, Kecamatan Kaliwungu, Kabupaten  Kudus yang berjumlah 10 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi, tes tertulis serta wawancara. Tes tertulis dilakukan dengan pemberian 5 soal uraian tentang pengolahan data pada mata pelajaran matematika. Pembuatan soal tersebut disesuaikan berdasarkan indikator kemampuan penalaran matematis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa kelas 4 SDN 1 Gamong Kecamatan Kaliwungu Kabupaten Kudus memperoleh nilai rata-rata 72,1 dan dapat disimpulkan bahwa siswa memiliki pemahaman yang berbeda-beda dalam menalar soal cerita sesuai dengan level kognitif siswa. Selain itu, pada suatu kelompok siswa, beberapa siswa akan langsung menemukan pola penyelesaian dan sebagian lagi akan menyelesaikan suatu soal tanpa pola namun dengan penalaran yang berbeda dari masing – masing siswa.

Hypertension is one of the cardiovascular disease, defined by World Health Organization as blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg. The high prevalence of hypertension has always been a problem globally. This disease could cause many complications, including cerebrovascular disease, and often associated with cognitive impairment. This study is done to find out the relation between uncontrolled blood pressure and cognitive impairment in geriatric people. This study is an observational analytic study with cross-sectional design. Samples are geriatric people with minimum of 60 years of age in Sasana Tresna Werda RIA Pembangunan in January 2019. Sample was taken with total sampling method. The hypertension criteria in study is previous history of hypertension or blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg. MMSE score interpretations are: (1) score of 25-30: normal cognitive function; (2) score of <21: indication of mild to severe cognitive impairment. Statistical analysis used in the study are Pearson Chi Square with Yates Correction, with alternative of Fischer Exact, with parameter of expected count of 5%. Significant relation expected in the study is 5%. The study found that there are no significant relation between history of hypertension with cognitive impairment in geriatric people in Sasana Tresna Werda RIA Pembangunan (p-value=0.098), but it is predicted that the group of geriatric people with history of hypertension has 27.7% more risk of getting cognitive impairment. However, the elderly group who have a history of hypertension has a proportion of 27.7% experiencing cognitive impairment.

Aging is an inevitable and complex process. Cognitive impairment and depression are often seen as comorbid conditions and major mental health problems affecting the elderly. Both of these have become global issues and place a heavy burden on the health care system and society. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the relationship between depression and the incidence of cognitive impairment in the elderly group (³60 years) who meet the criteria by total sampling at the Sasana Tresna Werda RIA Development Center in January 2019. Depressive disorder was measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is used to measure and identify cognitive impairments. Statistical analysis using the Fisher Exact test. Of the 56 respondents, the average age was 78.13 years with 69.6% of the respondents being women. From all respondents, it was found that 10 respondents experienced depression and 23.2% of the elderly had cognitive disorders. The results of the Fisher Exact statistical test stated that there was a significant relationship between the incidence of depression and the onset of cognitive impairment in the elderly group at Sasana Tresna Werda RIA Development (p-value: 0.041). Clinically, the elderly with depressive disorders have a 2.875 times higher risk of experiencing cognitive impairment compared to the elderly without depression. Treating depression can reduce the number of cognitive impairments in the elderly.    

Introduction hypertension is a condition where blood pressure increases beyond normal limits. normal blood pressure limits vary according to age. Hypertension gymnastics is a sport whose one aim is to increase blood flow and oxygen supply to the active muscles and skeleton, especially to the heart muscle. The purpose of this hypertension exercise is to increase the knowledge of the elderly in the Tresna Werdha Budi Mulia 2 social institution regarding hypertension exercise to reduce blood pressure. The method used is by socializing and providing counseling and displaying posters containing the steps in hypertension exercise. The health counseling was held on Thursday, June 8 2023. The population in this counseling were the elderly in the Tresna Werdha Budi Mulia 2 Social Institution. After carrying out Health Education on hypertension exercises, the results (100%) were that the elderly in the Tresna Werdha Budi Mulia 2 Social Institution understood, understand and be able to give an example of how hypertension exercises to lower blood pressure.

Improving cognitive skills in early childhood is an important part of their development. An effective learning environment can be a means to that end. One type of learning media that can be used is loose parts. Looseparts is a term used to describe materials or objects that have certain properties and can be used creatively in children's play and learning. These materials are often available in a variety of sizes, shapes, textures, and flexibility, so that children can manipulate them, combine them, and use their imagination to create a variety of possibilities for play and exploration. Examples of looseparts are rocks, sand, branches, pieces of wood, leaves, paper, shells, rubber bands, rubber rings, ropes, boxes and other everyday objects. The purpose of writing this article is to find out the analysis of the needs of looseparts learning media in the implementation of improving early childhood cognitive skills, the data collection method in this study is by distributing questionnaire sheets, interviews and documentation. When children play with looseparts, they can develop various cognitive aspects such as categorization, problem solving, visualization, abstract thinking, spatial skills, and comprehension. It is important to give children time and space to freely explore the open passages so that they can develop cognitive skills in a natural and interesting way