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This study aims to analyze the implementation of legal responsibility by goat farmers in managing waste from Etawa goat farming based on a circular economy model at Nusantara Farm, Sidoarjo. The study employs both normative juridical and empirical juridical approaches, with data collection techniques including literature review, interviews, and field observations.The results indicate that waste management is carried out through direct utilization, such as using livestock manure as organic fertilizer, selling waste, and distributing it to the surrounding community. These practices demonstrate that waste is not disposed of carelessly but rather reused, thereby creating economic and functional value.From a legal perspective, this condition reflects the fulfillment of the farmers' responsibilities in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, particularly in efforts to prevent environmental pollution. Furthermore, these waste management practices partially embody the principles of the circular economy, especially in terms of reuse.However, the current waste management practices remain conventional and are not yet optimally integrated. Therefore, there is a need to develop a waste management model based on an integrated closed-loop system to enhance the economic value of waste while ensuring more effective environmental sustainability.

This study aims to design and develop a web-based sales information system for a goat farming business at Herman Farm using the Rapid Application Development (RAD) method. The identified problems include manual transaction recording, stock management, and sales reporting processes, which are inefficient, prone to errors, and unable to provide real-time data access. The RAD method is selected due to its ability to accelerate system development through an iterative approach and active user involvement in each stage, including requirements planning, system design, construction, and implementation. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and literature studies. The developed system provides features for managing goat data, sales transactions, customer management, and integrated sales reporting within a web-based platform. The results show that the system improves efficiency in data management and transaction processes, while producing more accurate, structured, and accessible reports. Therefore, this system can assist Herman Farm in optimizing its sales operations and expanding its online marketing reach.

Dairy goat farming holds significant economic potential as a rural enterprise alternative, driven by increasing market demand for goat milk, which is known for being low-allergen and highly nutritious. This article presents a case study on Okane Mochi Farm, a dairy goat farming unit located in Ngaglik Village, Gebang District, Purworejo Regency. This study aims to analyze the breeding management strategies, product innovation, and economic impacts generated by the farm. The method used is field observation and descriptive study of the farm's operations. Observations indicate that the success of Okane Mochi Farm is driven by three main factors: (1) Innovation in selecting superior breeds such as Anglo Nubian and Sapera for high milk productivity; (2) Implementation of strict housing management and hygiene standards to maintain milk quality; and (3) Product diversification through flavored pasteurized milk processing and the utilization of livestock waste into organic fertilizer (zero waste). The study concludes that the upstream-downstream integration model applied by Okane Mochi Farm can serve as a reference for sustainable rural economic empowerment models.

Male reproductive performance serves as a foundational metric for predicting the reproductive quality traits of progeny. This study aimed to investigate the interaction between semen quality in Etawa Grade (PE) and Boer bucks and non-genetic factors, specifically age and season. The research utilised secondary data on fresh semen production collected from 2018 to 2022. Quality parameters evaluated included ejaculate volume and individual sperm motility. Data were obtained from the Central Java Artificial Insemination Center and analysed using the Statistical Analysis System On Demand for Academics to determine the interactive effects of age and season on fresh semen production. The results indicated that bucks in the younger age category tended to produce higher semen volumes compared to other age groups. In conclusion, there is a general interaction between age and season on the semen quality of PE and Boer bucks. The interaction observed in fresh semen volume and motility was significantly influenced by individual age differences and seasonal factors based on rainfall levels. Further research is warranted to investigate these interactions across additional macroscopic and microscopic parameters.

The problem with previous studies was the use of polyester resin as a matrix in kacang goat hair fiber composites, whereas in the latest study, epoxy resin was used, which has not been widely used. The aim was to obtain the tensile strength of composites that could be used as an alternative material for fan blades. The research method used was experimental with composite fabrication using the hand lay-up method, varying fiber lengths of 10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm, and varying immersion times in a 5% NaOH solution for 25, 50, 75, and 100 minutes. Tensile strength testing was carried out using the ASTM D638 standard with a total of 36 specimens. The test results showed that specimens with a fiber length of 30 mm and a soaking time of 50 minutes produced the highest tensile strength of 28.69 MPa, while the lowest tensile strength of 15.38 MPa was obtained in specimens with a fiber length of 10 mm and a soaking time of 100 minutes. This indicates that the highest tensile strength value is 46.37% greater than the lowest value, so the combination of a fiber length of 30 mm and a soaking time of 50 minutes is determined to be the optimal parameter in this study.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of goat manure and liquid organic fertilizer made from coffee husk waste on the growth of Java tea (Orthosiphon aristatus) cuttings. The study used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of two factors with 48 plots. The first factor was the application of goat manure, symbolized as “S,” with four treatment levels: S0 (without goat manure), S1 (250 g/polybag), S2 (350 g/polybag), and S3 (450 g/polybag). The second factor was the application of liquid organic fertilizer made from coffee husk waste, symbolized as “K,” with four treatment levels: K0 (0 ml/L water/polybag), K1 (30 ml/L water/polybag), K2 (60 ml/L water/polybag), and K3 (90 ml/L water/polybag). Thus, there were 16 treatment combinations with three replications. The parameters observed in this study were the time of shoot emergence, number of shoots, shoot length, number of leaves, plant height, and survival percentage. The results showed that the application of goat manure and liquid organic fertilizer from coffee husk waste on the growth of Java tea (Orthosiphon aristatus) cuttings had no significant effect on all observed parameters.

Pemana Island, located north of Flores Island, is one of the islands in the administrative area of ​​Sikka Regency which has enormous marine tourism potential. Pemana Island is included in the Maumere Bay area as a Marine Nature Tourism Park Area (TWAL), which is included in 10 large islands (Pulau Besar, Pulau Koja, Pulau Pemana, Pulau Kambing, Pulau Sukun, Pulau Parumaan, Pulau Dambila, Pulau Pangabatang, Pulau Babi and Pulau Kondo. The Pemana Bahari Festival was initiated by the Village Government by involving various parties, one of which was by inviting academics represented by the Cristo Re Polytechnic Ecotourism Study Program. The Ecotourism Study Program was invited to participate in the festival activities, especially through the socialization of educational materials on the importance of protecting the environment and nature conservation in a sustainable manner (conservation) as well as Tourism Awareness and Sapta Pesona materials. The results of this service can be used as a reference for the future in protecting the environment and nature conservation in a sustainable manner (conservation) as well as Tourism Awareness and Sapta Pesona. With this service activity, it is hoped that the Pemana village government and the local community will be able to preserve nature sustainably and apply the Sapta Pesona in Pemana Village, Alok Sub-district, Sikka Regency

Mbatakapidu Village has abundant natural resource potential, especially agricultural waste and local forages that have not been optimally utilized as animal feed. This Community Service. Program (PkM) aims to educate and empower the village community through counseling and training in making silage feed for goats, as a solution in providing quality feed in the area. The implementation method includes location surveys, making silage samples, technical training and direct assistance in the process of fermenting local forage into silage, and program evaluation carried out during March - May 2025. The results of the activities showed an increase in farmers' understanding and skills in processing local feed ingredients into silage, as well as growing awareness of the importance of feed technology in supporting sustainable local potential-based livestock productivity in Mbatakapidu Village.

This research aims to develop liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) made from goat livestock waste and paitan (Tithonia diversifolia) conducted in Makale, Tana Toraja Regency, from March to June 2025. This study aims to determine the response of cucumber plants to the application of LOF derived from the combination of goat livestock waste and paitan plants. Goat livestock waste contains macro nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), while paitan plants are green organic materials rich in nutrients and easily decomposed. The combination of both is expected to naturally improve soil fertility and optimally support the growth and yield of cucumber plants. The research method uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four different LOF concentration treatments and five replications. Parameters observed include plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, number of flowers, number of fruits, and fruit weight per plant. The LOF production process is carried out through fermentation for 21 days with a ratio of goat livestock waste and paitan of 3:1, and the addition of EM4 as a microorganism activator. This research also aims to evaluate the effectiveness of LOF application on growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves) and yield (number and weight of fruits) of cucumber plants, and compare it with treatments without LOF or with inorganic fertilizers. The results of this research are expected to serve as a reference for local farmers in developing organic fertilizers based on local resources that are environmentally friendly, efficient, and sustainable to increase agricultural productivity in the Tana Toraja region.

This article examines the case of Warung Sate Kambing in Mojosongo, Solo, with an emphasis on operational activities, business strategies, customer satisfaction, and opportunities for creating applications for digital ordering and payment. The research took a descriptive qualitative approach, applying interview, observation, and literature review techniques. The analysis of this research shows that the application of digital technology, through the creation of web-based applications and the integration of the QRIS digital creation system, can improve service efficiency and expand outreach to customers. The development process is carried out using the Waterfall method to be more organized and systematic.

The demand for goats for religious rituals such as aqiqah and qurban during Eid al-Adha has shown a significant upward trend each year, in line with the growing awareness among Muslims to observe religious practices in accordance with Islamic law. This study aims to explore the strategies employed and the challenges faced by traditional goat farmers in responding to this evolving demand. A descriptive qualitative approach was used, with data collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation. The subject of this study was Mr. Anto, an experienced goat farmer and trader who manages the “Adinda Aqiqah” business in Medan City. The findings reveal that Mr. Anto’s main strategies include stock management through the raising of hundreds of goats of various breeds (Kacang, Etawa, and sheep), the selection of high-productivity superior breeds, and the setting of competitive selling prices for both qurban and aqiqah needs. On the other hand, the primary challenges encountered include limited infrastructure, particularly at sales locations, animal health risks due to adverse weather conditions, and the lack of effectiveness in using social media as a marketing tool to reach a wider consumer base. These findings offer a clear picture of how traditional livestock practices adapt to market demands, while also highlighting the need for improvements in technology, marketing, and policy support to enhance competitiveness in this dynamic, seasonal market.

The aim of this research is to explain the meaning and symbols of goats in the Lawa  Pipi (goat running) tradition in the Hili Country Community, Leihitu District, Central Maluku. This research uses an approach based on a descriptive approach which focuses on real problems that existed at the time the research was conducted. Through descriptive research, the author tries to describe the events of the Lawa Pipi (Goat Running) Eid al-Adha tradition in the people of Hila State, Central Maluku which is the center of attention without giving special treatment. Based on research carried out by data obtained by informants, the Lawa Pipi paga tradition of Eid al-Adha in Negeri Hila, Leihitu District, Central Maluku is a tradition that has been passed down by ancestors. The religiosity belief of the Lawa Pipi (Goat Running) Tradition is carrying a goat by circling the Hasan Soleman Mosque seven times, the people of Hila State interpret it as carrying out the Hajj pilgrimage around the Black Stone seven times, This is because the Lawa Pipi (Goat Running) tradition involves the Tawaf process where people experience the Tawaf journey directly even though they do not go to the city of Mecca. According to the community, the Lawa Pipi (Goat Running) tradition is carried out as an effort to get closer to Allah SWT and is believed to bring good fortune, long life and the desire to go to the Holy Land can be achieved.

Stick is a tasty, healthy, and high-protein snack. Goat milk less optimised due to the assumption that goat's milk smells like a goat, so most people don't like to consume it. Tofu is used as a addition for sticks, because tofu is a food that contains the best non-animal protein. The research was purposed to increase  consumption of goat milk and white tofu by processing it into milk sticks. In addition, it can also produce milk sticks that are rich in protein and liked by panellists. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Disign (CRD) with the first factor being the ratio of curd goat milk and tofu (60%:40%, 50%:50%, 40%:60%) and the second factor being the ratio of wheat flour and tapioca starch (40%:60%, 50%:50%, 60%:40%). The results showed that the substitution of goat milk curd and tofu and the ratio of wheat flour to tapioca starch had a significant effect on characteristics of the milk stick. The best product from several stick formulations in terms of chemical, physical and organoleptic properties is the stick formulation with 60% etawa goat milk curd: 40% white tofu and 60% wheat flour: 40% tapioca starch has a high protein value of 11.51% with a moisture content of 2.27%, ash content of 1.94%, fat content of 32.51%, carbohydrate content by different 51.78%, while etawa goat milk curd sticks with white tofu substitution which has overall level of preffered value of panellists is found in the ratio 3.39 (preferred). Stik  from curd protein of etawa goat milk with white tofu be a potensial source of  protein.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the application of goat manure and liquid organic fertilizer derived from vegetable waste on the growth and productivity of celery plants (Apium graveolens L.). This study used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of two factors with 48 plots.The first factor was the application of goat manure fertilizer, symbolized as “G”, which consisted of four treatment levels: G0 = 0 g/polybag, G1 = 200 g/polybag, G2 = 400 g/polybag, and G3 = 600 g/polybag.The second factor was the application of liquid organic fertilizer from vegetable waste, symbolized as “S”, which consisted of four treatment levels: S0 = 0 ml, S1 = 100 ml/L of water, S2= 200 ml/L of water, and S3 = 300 ml/L of water.The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, leaf width, number of tillers, plant weight per polybag, and plant weight per plot. The results of the study showed that the application of goat manure and liquid organic fertilizer from vegetable waste had a significant effect on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, leaf width, number of tillers, plant weight per polybag, and plant weight/plot.

Industri peternakan memiliki kontribusi penting dalam mendukung perekonomian nasional serta penyediaan protein hewani. Kambing merupakan salah satu komoditas ternak potensial yang banyak dibudidayakan masyarakat pedesaan, termasuk di Desa Besowo, Kecamatan Kepung, Kabupaten Kediri. Namun, keterbatasan sarana, pengetahuan teknis, dan pola pemeliharaan tradisional masih menjadi kendala dalam meningkatkan kinerja peternak kambing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh modal sosial terhadap kinerja peternak kambing. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis regresi untuk mengukur hubungan antara variabel modal sosial (norma, jaringan, kepercayaan, dan hubungan timbal balik) dengan kinerja peternak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modal sosial peternak kambing di Desa Besowo relatif baik, tercermin dari adanya praktik titip ternak, penggunaan fasilitas bersama, hingga kegiatan kelompok ternak. Kinerja peternak cenderung masih tradisional, dengan pola pemeliharaan dan pemberian pakan bergantung pada kondisi alam serta usaha ternak yang dijalankan sebagai profesi sampingan. Analisis regresi menghasilkan nilai koefisien determinasi (R²) sebesar 53,7%, yang mengindikasikan bahwa modal sosial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja peternak kambing. Hal ini menegaskan bahwa penguatan modal sosial dapat membantu mengatasi keterbatasan teknis dan sarana prasarana, sekaligus meningkatkan keberlanjutan usaha peternakan kambing.

The partners for this community service activity are UMKM which are engaged in goat slaughtering. One of the problems faced is that the process of removing goat skin is still manual, that is, it still uses human labor, where using human power for the goat skinning process requires less efficient time. Therefore, these UMKM really need a touch of technology related to the goat skin removal method to overcome the problems of UMKM engaged in the business of slaughtering goats and selling goat meat. Therefore, in community service activities, goat skin pulling machines will be handed over to partner entrepreneurs, namely MSMEs. Mak Ngat at the Rasmala market in the Srondol Wetan housing complex, Banyumanik sub-district, Semarang city. Impact After using a goat skin pulling machine for Mak'Ngat UMKM, the goat skinning process is more economical, namely when done manually it can skin 12 goats in one hour, but when done using a machine, 12 goats can be done in 15 minutes and this number has increased drastically

Tanjungani Village,i Kemlagi,i hasi greati potentiali asi ai produceri ofi qualityi Etawai goati milk.i However,i thei lacki ofi producti identity,i suchi asi namei labels,i hindersi competitivenessi ini thei market.i thisi communityi servicei aimsi toi developi ai strategyi fori providingi namei labelsi oni Etawai goati milki productsi toi increasei thei sellingi valuei andi attractivenessi ofi thei product.i Thei methodsi usedi includei datai collectioni throughi interviewsi andi observations,i labeli designi basedi oni locali characteristics,i andi marketi testingi toi evaluatei itsi effectiveness.i Buildingi consumeri trust,i andi creatingi ai morei professionali producti image.i Ini addition,i labelsi thati includei locali identityi strengtheni thei brandingi ofi thei Tanjungani Villagei area.i thisi communityi servicei concludesi thati providingi namei labelsi isi ani effectivei strategyi toi supporti marketingi andi expandi thei reachi ofi Etawai goati milki products.

This community service aims to improve the quality of goat farming in Semarang City, especially at Ciliwung Farm. This activity focuses on two main aspects, namely building design development training and management training. Building design training emphasizes designing pens that meet goat health, comfort and productivity standards. Aspects such as ventilation, lighting, materials and cage layout are the main focus in this training. Meanwhile, management training is aimed at improving farmers' skills in managing the sales and marketing of goat products. Training materials cover marketing strategies, product development and financial management. It is hoped that through this activity, farmers at Ciliwung Farm can improve the quality of their products, expand their marketing network, and ultimately increase their income. The results of this community service show an increase in the knowledge and skills of breeders in designing good pens and managing goat farming businesses more effectively.

Research on Feasibility Analysis of the Etawa Peranakan Goat Milk Production Business (PE) at Tharraya Farm in Geli Village, Sunggal District, Deli Serdang Regency aims to analyze the income of the goat milk (PE) production business at Tharraya Farm and analyze the feasibility of the goat milk production business (PE) in Tharraya Farm. The research area was determined purposively, namely based on certain criteria or objectives, taking into account that the Etawa goat milk industry in the area could provide the information needed in the research. Data analysis techniques used were I=TR-TC. The results of this research obtained an income of IDR 72,240,000 / year. Receipts amounting to Rp. 176,526,000 a year and total costs of 104,286,000. The livestock business is profitable and feasible to develop with an R/C of 1.69, п>0, while the percentage ratio of п/C x 100% is 60%. The Etawa Peranakan goat milk business at Therraya Farm is profitable and worthy of development

This study aims to analyze the mediation of purchase interest on the influence of price and on purchasing decisions at Sate Kambing Muda Mas HJT Surakarta. This study uses a primary data collection method, namely by distributing questionnaires where the population in this study were customers of Sate Kambing Muda Mas HJT. Sampling in this study used the accidental sampling technique or happened to meet respondents with a sample of 100. The analysis technique used was Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) and used the SmartPLS 4.0 program. The results of this study indicate that price has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, price has a positive and significant effect on purchasing interest, purchasing decisions have a positive and significant effect on purchasing interest, purchasing interest is able to mediate the effect of price on purchasing decisions.