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This study aims to analyze the novel Laskar Pelangi by Andrea Hirata using a critical hermeneutic approach developed by Jürgen Habermas. The focus of this research is to uncover the critical meaning contained in the novel as a reflection of social reality, especially in the field of education. The method used is descriptive qualitative research with data collection techniques through literature studies and text analysis in the form of excerpts in novels. The results of the study show that the novel Laskar Pelangi not only presents an inspiring story, but also contains criticism of the education system in Indonesia which is still colored by inequality and injustice. In the aspect of communicative action, it was found that there was a dialogical interaction between teachers and students as well as the value of solidarity and strong struggle. However, in the aspect of communication distortion, there is injustice in access to education and a lack of space for poor groups to voice their interests. In addition, the analysis also reveals the existence of ideology and domination, especially economic dominance over education and social systems that oppress the lower groups. On the other hand, the emancipatory interest in this novel is reflected through education as a tool of liberation and the struggle of its characters in fighting against limitations. Thus, this study concludes that the novel Laskar Pelangi has an important role as a social criticism medium that is able to build readers' critical awareness of the reality of education and social inequality that occurs in society.

The Papua Special Autonomy Fund (Dana Otonomi Khusus Papua) represents a key instrument of Indonesia’s asymmetric fiscal decentralization aimed at reducing historical inequalities, accelerating regional development, and promoting social justice for Indigenous Papuans. However, after more than two decades of implementation, concerns persist regarding its effectiveness in producing equitable welfare outcomes, particularly with respect to accountability, targeting accuracy, and distributive justice. This literature review critically examines existing scholarly research on the governance, implementation, and impacts of Dana Otsus Papua, with an emphasis on how institutional arrangements shape policy performance and equity outcomes. The study employs a narrative–critical literature review enriched with systematic elements, including transparent search procedures, explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria, and thematic synthesis. Peer-reviewed journal articles and reputable conference proceedings were analyzed using thematic analysis and conceptual mapping to identify dominant findings, methodological approaches, and research gaps. The synthesis reveals recurring patterns across the literature. Accountability mechanisms remain fragmented and weakly integrated across planning, budgeting, monitoring, and evaluation processes. Targeting accuracy is inconsistent, with fiscal benefits frequently failing to reach Indigenous Papuans as intended. Moreover, distributive justice outcomes depend more on institutional recognition, participation, and governance capacity than on the size of fiscal transfers alone. The review also highlights a critical gap in integrative evaluations that link governance arrangements, implementation processes, and equity outcomes. The article concludes that improving Dana Otsus Papua requires a shift from expenditure-focused assessments toward governance- and justice-oriented evaluation frameworks. The study contributes theoretically by integrating accountability, implementation, and distributive justice perspectives, and offers practical insights for strengthening oversight, refining targeting mechanisms, enhancing participatory governance, and embedding digital tools within accountability systems.

This research aims to analyze the implementation of land acquisition policies in Sorong City from the perspective of social justice for indigenous peoples, and to evaluate the extent to which customary rights are accommodated in the development process. The research method is a mixed-methods study with an embedded design. The qualitative approach was the primary instrument, using in-depth interviews with five key speakers, including land authorities and representatives of the Malaloi Indigenous Peoples Institution (LMA). Quantitative approaches are used only in correlation analysis to reinforce qualitative findings. The study's results show a "Paradox of Justice" in Sorong City. Procedurally, the land acquisition policy has been effective in accordance with Law Number 2 of 2012, supported by a strong statistical correlation between land acquisition and social justice. However, substantively, justice for indigenous peoples has not been fully achieved because the involvement of indigenous leaders in deliberations is often considered a mere administrative formality. The highest correlation between indigenous peoples and social justice confirms that the recognition of customary rights is the main determinant of justice in public policy. The main obstacles identified include difficulties in the administrative documentation of customary lands and paradigmatic differences between the government's materialistic values and the sociocultural values of indigenous peoples. The theoretical implications of this study confirm the importance of communication factors and the disposition of implementers in the implementation of policies in customary territories. In practice, the government needs to reformulate deliberations based on local values and the structural recognition of customary rights.

This study explores the reconstruction of the abolition of compensation payments to foster justice for convicts, specifically evaluating the intersection between Law No. 31 of 1999 and Law No. 20 of 2001. The research addresses the persistent legal dilemma where state loss recovery mechanisms often overlook the fundamental rights and socio-economic realities of prisoners. Under the current regime, the imposition of substitute imprisonment for unpaid financial obligations is perceived as a "layered punishment" that undermines human dignity and fails to reflect proportional justice. The analysis reveals that the retributive orientation established in Law No. 31 of 1999 results in a "lose-lose" outcome: the state remains uncompensated while the financial burden of correctional costs increases due to extended incarceration. By integrating the fiscal and state financial management principles found in Law No. 20 of 2001, this research proposes a shift toward more proportional and restorative asset recovery. The study concludes that the role of the Prosecutor must be reoriented toward accurate asset tracing and the implementation of humane payment schemes. Future legal reforms must ensure that the state's interest in fiscal restoration does not sacrifice the convict's basic rights, prioritizing distributive justice to create a more humane anti-corruption framework.

Advances in in vitro fertilization (IVF) technology have expanded the scope of reproductive interventions, from simply addressing infertility to enabling genetic selection of embryos through preimplantation genetic testing (PGT). This advancement not only enables the detection and prevention of severe genetic diseases, but also opens up opportunities for the selection of non-medical traits such as intelligence potential, physical characteristics, or specific polygenic scores, giving rise to the phenomenon of “designer babies.” This development presents complex bioethical issues related to human dignity, social justice, biological safety, and the right of children to have an open future. This paper aims to analyze the ethical issues of selecting non-medical characteristics of embryos in modern IVF through a literature review using a biomedical ethics framework, including the principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. The findings show that the application of technology for non-medical purposes is still fraught with scientific risks, biological uncertainties, the potential for commercialization of humans, and the threat of socio-biological inequality. This analysis emphasizes the need to restrict the use of technology to clear medical indications, increase regulation and governance, and involve the public in policy formulation. Thus, advances in reproductive technology must be accompanied by strict ethical considerations so as not to sacrifice individual dignity and the value of justice in society.

Pancasila, as the foundational ideology of Indonesia, plays a fundamental role in shaping a democratic system and ensuring the protection of human rights based on justice. From Yusril Ihza Mahendra’s perspective, Pancasila is not merely a normative ideology but serves as a political and legal paradigm that integrates the values of divinity, humanity, unity, democracy, and social justice into the practice of governance. According to Yusril, Indonesian democracy cannot be equated with Western liberalism, which emphasizes individual freedom; rather, it is a constitutional democracy grounded in the moral and spiritual foundations of Pancasila. The values of Pancasila position human rights in a balanced relationship between rights and responsibilities, as well as between individual and collective interests of the nation. Thus, democracy and human rights, in Yusril’s view, are integralistic—citizens’ freedoms are directed toward realizing social j  ustice and order in national life. This article aims to examine Yusril Ihza Mahendra’s thoughts on the relationship between Pancasila, democracy, and human rights, and their relevance within the context of Indonesia’s contemporary constitutional system.

Legal certainty (rechtssicherheit) is a fundamental pillar of the rule of law, ensuring that legal provisions are clear, consistent, and predictable. In the Indonesian criminal justice system, the Public Prosecutor holds a central position as the Dominus Litis (the owner of the case), determining which cases proceed to court. However, the implementation of prosecutorial authority often leans towards rigid legal positivism, creating a paradox where procedural certainty is achieved at the expense of substantive justice. Disparities in prosecution demands for similar crimes often lead to public distrust and legal uncertainty for justice seekers. This study aims to analyze the challenges in maintaining legal certainty and proposes a strategy to enhance the prosecutor's role through the integration of Restorative Justice and professional discretion. The research employs a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, analyzing Attorney General Regulation No. 15 of 2020. The study finds that enhancing legal certainty requires shifting the paradigm from "mechanical prosecution" to "discretionary prosecution" based on conscience. To achieve this, prosecutors must be equipped with high-level cognitive skills to interpret "certainty" not just as textual compliance, but as the consistent application of fairness.

Pancasila, as the foundational ideology of Indonesia, plays a fundamental role in shaping a democratic system and ensuring the protection of human rights based on justice. From Yusril Ihza Mahendra’s perspective, Pancasila is not merely a normative ideology but serves as a political and legal paradigm that integrates the values of divinity, humanity, unity, democracy, and social justice into the practice of governance. According to Yusril, Indonesian democracy cannot be equated with Western liberalism, which emphasizes individual freedom; rather, it is a constitutional democracy grounded in the moral and spiritual foundations of Pancasila. The values of Pancasila position human rights in a balanced relationship between rights and responsibilities, as well as between individual and collective interests of the nation. Thus, democracy and human rights, in Yusril’s view, are integralistic—citizens’ freedoms are directed toward realizing social j  ustice and order in national life. This article aims to examine Yusril Ihza Mahendra’s thoughts on the relationship between Pancasila, democracy, and human rights, and their relevance within the context of Indonesia’s contemporary constitutional system.

This study is motivated by the moral and spiritual crisis affecting modern leadership systems, where the exercise of power often prioritizes material and political interests over ethical values and social responsibility. In this context, the concept of Malay Islamic Leadership is considered relevant as an alternative model that integrates moral, spiritual, and local cultural values to establish a just and civilized governance framework. The purpose of this study is to describe the fundamental principles of Malay Islamic leadership, analyze the implementation of its moral and spiritual values, and assess its relevance in addressing the challenges of modern leadership. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method using secondary data obtained through literature reviews of books, journal articles, and academic documents discussing Islamic leadership and Malay culture. The results indicate that Malay Islamic leadership is founded on the values of amanah (trustworthiness), ‘adl (justice), hikmah (wisdom), and syura (consultation), while taqwa (piety) serves as the core of a leader’s spirituality. These values are proven to be relevant in the modern context as they address ethical crises, strengthen leaders’ integrity, and reorient leadership toward service and the welfare of the community.

The role of economics in human life has become increasingly significant in the modern era as it serves as a foundation for meeting daily needs and achieving collective welfare. This study aims to analyze how Islamic economic principles regulate price determination in markets and income distribution to ensure fairness and social balance. The research adopts a qualitative approach through library research by reviewing classical Islamic literature, modern economic works, and Qur’anic interpretations related to economic justice. The findings show that Islam emphasizes justice, equality, and welfare as the foundation of all economic activity. Price setting in Islam must reflect fairness, avoiding exploitation and ensuring that transactions bring mutual benefit to both sellers and buyers. Meanwhile, income distribution is directed toward social equity through the implementation of zakat, infaq, and shadaqah, which serve as instruments for wealth redistribution and poverty alleviation. The implication of this study is that the application of Islamic economic principles can provide a moral and sustainable alternative to conventional capitalist systems by promoting fairness, social responsibility, and economic stability within society.

Civic Education (PKn) has a strategic role as the main means in internalizing the values of Pancasila to students. Through PKn, the process of forming the character and personality of citizens can be carried out systematically, sustainably, and contextually, based on the values of divinity, humanity, unity, democracy, and justice. The internalization of these values is not only through mastery of concepts, but also through habituation of attitudes and behaviors in daily life. An interactive, reflective, and social project-based approach to learning allows learners to actively develop moral awareness, social responsibility, and a sense of nationalism. PKn functions as a character education instrument that not only forms civic knowledge, but also builds a strong national identity and a tolerant spirit. In the context of globalization and the challenges of the digital era, civil society is an important foundation in equipping the young generation to be able to be critical, adaptive, and still uphold national values. Therefore, PKn is not just a formal subject, but a strategic vehicle in forming a generation with Pancasila character who is ready to contribute positively to the life of society, nation, and state. This research emphasizes the urgency of PKn revitalization as a transformative and contextual value education.

Citizenship rights and control of agrarian resources are two interrelated aspects in realizing social justice in Indonesia. In the context of an agrarian country experiencing pressures from economic globalization and resource liberalization, unequal access to land and other agrarian resources has become a pressing structural issue. This study aims to analyze how citizenship rights—as a form of state recognition of the existence and participation of citizens—correlate with the distribution and control of agrarian resources, particularly within the framework of social justice. The method used is a qualitative approach with literature studies and critical analysis of agrarian policies, citizenship regulations, and case studies of agrarian conflicts in several regions of Indonesia. The results show that the neglect of citizenship rights in agrarian policies contributes to the marginalization of vulnerable groups, such as indigenous communities and small farmers. Furthermore, land tenure policies that tend to favor corporations reinforce structural inequality. In conclusion, social justice in the control of agrarian resources requires the integration of substantive recognition of citizenship rights and agrarian reform oriented towards redistribution and participation. Policy reform that guarantees equal access to resources for all citizens is a primary prerequisite for inclusive and equitable development.

Pancasila, as the national ideology of Indonesia, plays a crucial role in shaping the character and behavior of society. However, in recent decades, the implementation of Pancasila's values has faced significant challenges due to social inequalities and the impacts of globalization. Social and cultural changes brought about by globalization, such as individualism and hedonism, threaten the core principles of Pancasila, such as mutual cooperation, tolerance, and social justice. As the next generation, students are expected to become agents of change by implementing the values of Pancasila in society. However, despite the principles of Pancasila being outlined in various policies, many practices still contradict these values. Therefore, there is a need for greater efforts to instill a deeper and more practical understanding of Pancasila in order to create a harmonious, just society in accordance with the guidelines of Pancasila. Keywords: Students, Agents of Change, Implementation of Pancasila, Social Life

The church's diaconal practice faces a crisis of effectiveness. The dominant model of charitable diakonia (almsgiving) has proven ineffective in addressing the root causes of poverty and structural injustice. Empirical studies show that this failure is often not due to a lack of resources, but rather a failure of strategic management and a narrow theological understanding of diaconal practice itself. This research argues that to respond to poverty effectively, the church requires a dual paradigmatic shift. First, a theological shift in service from charitable diakonia to transformative diakonia, grounded in Liberation Theology and Reformed social justice spirituality. Second, a conceptual shift in "management" from a secular concept to the theological practice of "Transformative Oikonomia", a prophetic stewardship rooted in scripture (Acts 6) and ecumenical frameworks (WCC). Using a qualitative literature review methodology, the author reconstructs a management model for effective and just ministry. In this model, "effectiveness" is redefined and measured not by logistical outputs, but by two theological pillars: (1) Relational Effectiveness, measured by the Theology of Hospitality (Pohl), focusing on the restoration of human dignity; and (2) Structural Effectiveness, measured by tangible contributions to the JPIC (Justice, Peace, and Integrity of Creation) agenda. This study concludes that the Transformative Oikonomia model liberates the church from the "charity trap" and enables a holistic fulfillment of the Missio Dei.

This study aims to explore how the transformation of civic consciousness in the digital era plays a role in shaping a more tolerant society, especially in responding to the issue of racism that is developing on social media. Using a qualitative approach through a case study method, this study analyzes various forms of digital citizen participation in dealing with discriminatory content. Data collection techniques were carried out through social media content analysis, literature review, and thematic interpretation based on two main theories, namely Digital Citizenship (Ribble, 2011) and Critical Consciousness (Freire, 1970). The results of the study found five main things: (1) the emergence of educational and emancipatory counter-narratives; (2) the transformation of individual expression into a collective movement through digital activism; (3) the important role of digital figures and alternative media in shaping tolerant public opinion; (4) the diversity of public responses, from progressive to regressive; and (5) structural challenges in the form of opinion polarization, the spread of disinformation, and the echo chamber effect. This study concludes that although social media is a complex and challenging space, it still has great potential as a vehicle for civic education and a tool for social transformation towards a society that values ​​diversity and upholds the values ​​of justice.

This study aims to analyze the song “Bayar Bayar Bayar” using the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach based on Teun A. van Dijk’s model. The song was selected due to its explicit criticism of corruption and abuse of power within the Indonesian police institution. The analysis covers three main dimensions in Van Dijk’s theory: discourse structure (macrostructure, superstructure, and microstructure), social cognition, and social context. The analysis reveals that thematically, the song represents the collective experience of society in facing bureaucratic injustice, particularly in the form of illegal levies by the authorities. Its repetitive and straightforward superstructure strengthens the main message. At the microstructural level, the use of direct language, punk-styled stylistics, and the rhetorical repetition of “bayar polisi” (pay the police) create a provocative effect and reinforce the social critique being delivered. In terms of social cognition, the song reflects the public's mental model of the police as an institution that perpetuates social inequality rather than acting as a neutral protector. From a social context perspective, the song emerges from the reality of unequal power relations between citizens and authorities, serving as a symbolic form of resistance against hegemonic power structures. “Bayar Bayar Bayar” is thus not only a musical work but also an ideological expression with critical discourse value in advocating for social justice.  

Indonesia is an archipelagic country rich in ethnic, cultural, religious, and belief diversity. The Indonesian Constitution guarantees freedom of religion and belief, yet adherents of traditional beliefs often face discrimination, particularly in marriage registration. This study aims to evaluate and reconstruct the marriage registration system for adherents of traditional beliefs based on Pancasila's social justice principles. The study employs various theories, including the theory of equal freedom of belief, affirmative action, the legal duty to collect what is scattered, and the principle of iustitia socialis. The findings indicate that the integration of marriage registration institutions, simplification of the registration process, training for registration officers, revision of inclusive regulations, and increased public awareness are crucial to overcoming discrimination and ensuring social justice. The implementation of this reconstruction is expected to provide legal certainty and protection of the rights of traditional belief adherents, reflect Pancasila values, and create a more just and inclusive society.

The proliferation of network information algorithms (NIAs) in contemporary society has sparked significant ethical concerns regarding their societal impact. This study investigates the influence of NIAs on social interactions, decision-making processes, and the perpetuation of structural biases through a multidisciplinary perspective (Ananny, 2023). The findings reveal that while NIAs enhance operational efficiency across various domains, they also introduce ethical challenges, including privacy infringements, systemic inequities, and algorithmic opacity, which threaten social justice. Employing Ananny’s (2023) conceptual framework—which categorizes NIAs into three dimensions: encounters, observation, and probability/temporality—this research deconstructs the operational mechanisms of these algorithms. The analysis demonstrates that NIAs not only replicate historical biases but also engender new forms of discrimination through ostensibly neutral predictive processes. For example, algorithm-driven recruitment systems may perpetuate gender disparities if their training data reflects prior discriminatory practices (Crawford, 2021). This study underscores the inextricable link between technological ethics and societal context, arguing that an overreliance on algorithmic systems risks undermining human autonomy (Zuboff, 2019). The originality of this research lies in its integration of computational ethics theory with empirical case studies, such as the deployment of NIAs in mass surveillance, where privacy is often compromised in pursuit of perceived security. To ensure academic rigor, the arguments are developed through a critical comparison with prior research (e.g., Mittelstadt et al., 2016), while avoiding redundancy in phrasing or structure. Scholars such as Floridi (2019) emphasize the necessity of algorithmic transparency in regulatory frameworks. However, critics like Noble (2018) argue that technical solutions alone are inadequate; structural reforms in data governance and corporate accountability are essential to mitigate the misuse of NIAs. In response, this study proposes an ethical framework that not only addresses technical risk mitigation but also incorporates civic participation in algorithmic decision-making processes. The ethical implications of NIAs necessitate a holistic approach that integrates principles of data justice, independent algorithmic auditing, and public digital literacy. Future research should explore inclusive models of algorithmic governance, particularly in developing nations where regulatory frameworks often lag behind technological advancements. This study concludes with a reflective inquiry: How can algorithmic accountability be ensured if developers lack transparency regarding data sources and programming logic? By addressing these questions, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on the ethical governance of NIAs and their societal implications.

Law has a regulatory and coercive nature, which means that everyone must obey the existing orders and prohibitions to maintain order and justice in society. The main purpose of law is to create order and justice. The legal research method is a way used to study legal rules and their application. This research is usually conducted with a scientific approach, namely looking for relevant data to answer existing problems. One method used is qualitative research, where researchers examine existing legal literature or sources to understand legal concepts more deeply. In legal research, there are two main approaches: first, studying the legal texts themselves normative studies, and second, seeing how the law is applied in society empirical approaches. These two approaches help us understand the law from a theoretical and practical perspective.

LGBT identity has become a focus of debate that triggers controversy related to the conflict between ther ole of tradition and modernity in defending human rights, as well as sexuality. This research discusses the controversy generated by LGBT identity in society with the main focus on highlighting the different perspectives on LGBT identity and sexual orientation. Using various sources of articles and journals that have been analyzed for this research, the result show that controversies caused by LGBT groups are often due to the clash between traditional perspectives and modern views on identity and freedom of individual rights. This explains how diverse perspectives on objective content shape cultural discourse and influence wise behavior on matters related to human rights and social justice.