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This study aims to determine the meaning of the song masak kopi popularized by Oesman in the Malay community in Bengkalis, Riau Province. The theory used in this study is the theory (Barthes, 1968) by describing the meaning of denotation as the first level meaning and connotation as the second level meaning. Also supported by the theory of sociology by Schmitt. It is an action of a person or group of people when interacting with something outside themselves and understanding information about their environment which is obtained through sight, hearing, appreciation, feelings, and experience and interpretation. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques in this study are observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques using data reduction, data presentation. Subjects in this study amounted to 4 people. The results of the research on the meaning of the masak kopi song in the Malay community in Bengkalis can be interpreted from 2 sides, namely from the music and from the lyrics. The Bengkalis Malay community interprets the music of the masak kopi song to reflect the characteristics of traditional Malay music which is very full of aesthetic and cultural values of the Malay community in Bengkalis, from the rhythm, melody and instruments used that strongly reflect the Malay identity of Bengkalis. The meaning of the lyrics can be concluded that the lyrics in the song masak kopi are related to the failure and fragility of love and hope caused by the influence of the establishment.

Background: This study highlights the importance of knowledge and information access regarding reproductive health in adolescents, as adolescence is a transitional period susceptible to significant physical, emotional, and social changes. Survey data indicate that the level of reproductive health knowledge among Indonesian adolescents remains low, and access to information is very limited, especially from educational institutions. Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between adolescent knowledge levels and access to reproductive health information at SMA Negeri Colomadu. Methods: This study utilizes a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consists of 72 respondents who meet the inclusion criteria with urposive sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire measuring demographic characteristics, knowledge levels, and access to reproductive health information. A pre-post test data collection technique was applied to assess changes in knowledge following a health information intervention. Results: Bivariate analysis results showed a moderate positive correlation between access to information and reproductive health knowledge, with a Pearson coefficient of 0.550 (p < 0.01). Conclusion: This study demonstrates a significant relationship between information access and reproductive health knowledge among adolescents, where better information access supports improved understanding of reproductive health.

The use of digital learning media in Social Studies subjects in elementary schools has become an important innovation in improving the quality of learning. Digital media not only enriches the learning experience, but also contributes to improving students' literacy, which includes the ability to seek, analyze and utilize information critically. However, the implementation of these media faces various challenges, such as infrastructure limitations, lack of teacher skills, content compatibility with the curriculum, and digital security issues. This research discusses digital learning media development strategies that include collaboration between educators and technology developers, intensive training for teachers, provision of adequate infrastructure, and content design tailored to the characteristics of elementary school students. Visual-based and interactive digital media is considered effective to improve students' understanding of social studies materials that are often abstract. In addition, the integration of digital learning with conventional methods provides a balanced and contextualized learning experience. By addressing the existing challenges, digital learning media can be an effective tool to strengthen students' literacy and equip them with 21st century skills. This research is expected to contribute to the development of innovative learning practices that are relevant to students' needs in the digital era. 

This research is motivated by the lack of optimal implementation of wages in accordance with the basic minimum wage in Tasikmalaya City. The problem that was found was the lack of information about the amount of the City Minimum Wage that the company must provide to employees. The purpose of this study is to find out how the implementation of the Governor of West Java Regulation regarding the determination of the provincial minimum wage and the city minimum wage, and then the researcher also wants to know the extent of the policies of the Tasikmalaya City Government, especially the Tasikmalaya City Manpower Office, in realizing Law N0 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The data obtained was carried out by observation, interviews, and documentation. The theory used in the analysis is the Van Metter and Van Horn Theory which consists of several indicators, namely: a) Policy Standards; b) Resources; c) Relations between Organizations; d) Characteristics of the implementing agent; e) Economic, social and political environmental conditions; f) the disposition of the executor. The results of the study show that policy standards and objectives have not felt a significant impact from existing regulations. Then human resources, budget, and materials at the Tasikmalaya City Manpower Office have not run optimally. Relations between organizations have gone quite well. The characteristics of the implementer have not been properly implemented, especially to the labor union. The disposition of the implementer has carried out programs that have referred to the needs of wages in the lake city, but there needs to be realistic and preventive measures taken in an effort to socialize wages and employment. Likewise, economic, social and political conditions that are quite supportive of the implementation of wages where the lake area itself has supporting human resources and natural resources.

Online gambling requires risking money and valuables for an uncertain return.Currently, online gambling is increasingly favored by everyone, from the elderly to the youth, because online gambling can be easily accessed by anyone anytime and anywhere. Online gambling also has a negative impact on the lives of adolescents, including decreased academic achievement, emotional instability, poor relationships with others, and gambling disorders.The purpose of this study is to identify factors that influence online gambling behavior among young people. Based on the results of the quantitative study, five main categories were identified: factors originating from the individual, family, social environment, socioeconomic factors, and Internet characteristics. This quantitative research is expected to provide readers with comprehensive information about the factors that encourage adolescents to engage in and maintain online gambling, as well as help address the situation to prevent the negative impact of online gambling and this can be the basis for developing interventions to raise awareness. Young people, especially those who intend not to gamble anymore and choose to participate in activities that are beneficial to their future opportunities, should be aware of the importance of online gambling.

This research aims to analyze the best-selling products at Toko Hartati using the K-Means Clustering method. K-Means Clustering is an unsupervised learning algorithm that is effective in grouping data based on certain similar characteristics. In this context, the data used includes the number of sales, product prices, and product categories. Through this analysis, it is hoped that insight can be gained regarding products that have the best sales performance, as well as sales patterns that can be used as a reference in stock management and marketing strategies. The data used in this research includes sales transactions during a certain period, with the aim of identifying product clusters based on sales patterns. The analysis results show the existence of two main product groups, where the first cluster contains products with high sales numbers, which can be classified as best-selling products, while the second cluster includes products with lower sales. These findings provide valuable information for the management of Toko Hartati in determining more targeted marketing strategies and more efficient stock management. This research suggests using the K-Means Clustering method in data-based decision making to improve sales performance in retail stores.

This research aims to study the Infrastructure Service Satisfaction Index in Batu Bara Regency. The type of research employed in this study is qualitative research. Data collection techniques refer to the methods used to obtain the necessary data and information to achieve the research objectives. Data analysis is the process of processing data obtained from interviews, field notes, and documentation into new information, making the characteristics of the data easier to understand and useful for solving problems, particularly those related to the research. In this case, the researcher employs several data analysis techniques, namely: Data Reduction, Data Presentation, and Verification. The research results indicate that, in general, the level of public satisfaction with infrastructure development in Batu Bara Regency remains low. The community perceives that there is still an imbalance between villages in the development of road infrastructure and other village facilities, and they also feel that the performance of the Batu Bara Regency government is not optimal and is considered slow. The level of community participation in Batu Bara Regency in infrastructure development can be considered good and helps facilitate the infrastructure development process. Community participation includes providing suggestions or proposals, contributing labor such as mutual assistance, as well as donations of funds and materials. There are even some community members who participate by voicing dissatisfaction and not providing support.

The rapid development of information technology has changed the way humans communicate, especially through social media. Generation Z, who grew up in the digital era, has its own characteristics in using social media, including in terms of interacting and communicating. The purpose of this study is to explore the ethics of communicating on social media from the perspective of Generation Z. The main focus is on Generation Z's understanding of ethical values, how they apply them in everyday communication, and their impact on social relationships. A qualitative approach is used in this research method which involves in-depth interviews with a number of informants from Generation Z, as well as analysis of related literature. The study indicates that, although Generation Z

New influencers have emerged as part of the field of public relations as a result of technological advances. Communication with influencers on social media is the main focus for strategic communication. The development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is increasing day by day. Research data collection techniques using secondary data are information obtained or collected data by scientists from various existing sources such as obtained from important documents, websites, books research results in choosing micro-influencers as a marketing medium, it is recommended to consider micro-influencers with attractive attractive characteristics, micro- influencers with quality expertise characteristics, and micro-influencers with trustworthy trust characteristics. By considering these three characteristics in choosing micro-influencers as a marketing medium, it is hoped that in the future it will be able to increase the formation of consumer attitudes towards good brands which can simultaneously increase buyer interest. Micro-influencers as a Public Relations Strategy in MSMEs is a strategic marketing method because many entities have recognized social media influencers as relevant intermediaries, especially because they have the ability to connect with stakeholders that are difficult to reach, such as niche markets or teenage and adult consumers.    

Data collection is an important initial step in research and decision-making, serving as a valuable asset that can provide deep insights into various contexts, including education. The purpose of this research is to understand the management of data collection accurately based on literature studies. The method used is a literature review, which involves searching for materials or data by reviewing and gathering information from various credible and relevant sources such as scientific journals, articles, books, and others related to the topic of data collection management. THE RESULTS OF THIS RESEARCH INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS: (1) The definition of data collection (2) Types of data about students (3) Characteristics and various tools for data collection (4) Mechanisms for data collection and storage

Poverty is one of the main issues in Indonesia although many policies have been implemented by the government to overcome this problem. With this problem, a study was conducted which aims to identify factors that affect poverty in East Java in 2023 using the principal component analysis (PCA) method. PCA is a multivariate analysis technique used to extract information from correlated data, so as to summarize several variables into principal components. In this study, the variables used include the number of poor people, percentage of poor people, poverty severity index, open unemployment rate, labor force participation rate, and life expectancy from 38 districts/cities in East Java. It was found that the data characteristics had low variance with the exception of one variable, and met the assumptions of multivariate normal distribution, interrelationship between variables, data sufficiency, and correlation between variables suitable for PCA. Factor analysis with PCA produces two main components, namely community living conditions and labor conditions, which can represent the original variables in their influence on poverty in East Java. Suggestions from this study are expected to be a reference for policy makers in improving community welfare and labor conditions in East Java. Future research is expected to add related variables to obtain more detailed results.

Knowledge is the result of understanding or a state of knowing that arises after someone senses a certain object. A mother's attitude is a reaction or response that is still closed from a person to a stimulus or object. This research aims to determine the relationship between mothers' knowledge and attitudes towards sensory-motor development in toddlers in Lambaro Sukon Village, Aceh Besar. This research uses a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample was selected using a total sampling technique with a total sample of 73 respondents. This research was conducted from 16th April – 11st July 2024. The data collection technique used a questionnaire with maternal knowledge and attitude questionnaire instruments as well as KPSP. Data analysis techniques use univariate and bivariate tests. The results of data analysis showed that the characteristics of mothers were dominated by mothers with sufficient knowledge who had toddlers with good sensory motor categories (58.1%). Most of the mother's attitude was obtained, namely a good mother's attitude with the child's sensory and motor skills being in the good category (57.8%). The results of hypothesis testing using Chi Square obtained a sig value. calculate mother's knowledge (p= 0.034), and mother's attitude (p= 0.001). Based on the results of the hypothesis test, it was concluded that there was a significant relationship between mothers' knowledge of toddlers' sensory-motor development and there was a significant relationship between mothers' attitudes towards toddlers' sensory-motor development. The suggestion in this research is that this research can provide more information to mothers about children's motor balance, as study material and knowledge that can help for further research activities.

Abstract. This study presents a web-based system for identifying traditional herbal leaves using K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and image processing techniques focused on analyzing leaf shape and color. The dataset used consists of images of various types of herbal leaves, providing a basis for classification and medicinal benefit information retrieval. The system was tested with multiple leaf samples to assess accuracy, speed, and effectiveness in identifying leaf types based on visual characteristics. Results show that the system can recognize different types of herbal leaves and display information on their medicinal properties in a user-friendly interface..

The study intends to define the idea of joint auditing, its significance and goals, and the allocation of audit responsibilities from the start of the audit process to the joint report's writing. It also seeks to elucidate the function of joint auditing in enhancing the caliber of the attributes of accounting data, which helps to provide high-quality information that benefits management and the beneficiaries of that information to make sound decisions that benefit the development of the institution's work for management and owners on the one hand and benefit investors on the other hand, as the study sample included a group of auditors In Iraq by creating and designing a questionnaire form and presenting it to a panel of arbitrators; data analysis was conducted using the statistical analysis software SPSS; and the findings were examined, an important role was reached for joint auditing in improving accounting information and the study recommended the need to adopt this type of audit method that increases users' confidence in accounting information.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of e-commerce tax in Indonesia from the perspectives of law and enforcement effectiveness. Using a normative juridical approach, this research examines the legal norms outlined in legislation, including Law No. 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions (as amended), Law No. 7 of 2014 on Trade, and Minister of Finance Regulation No. 210/PMK.010/2018. The findings indicate that e-commerce requires specific regulations due to its unique characteristics compared to conventional trade. These regulations aim to protect consumers and ensure tax compliance. However, challenges in implementing these regulations persist, particularly in supervision and law enforcement. Furthermore, the taxation aspect of e-commerce faces difficulties in reaching international businesses and avoiding tax evasion. Therefore, ongoing efforts from the government are necessary to strengthen regulations and law enforcement in addressing the dynamics of e-commerce development in Indonesia, to achieve legal certainty and optimal tax contributions from this sector.

This study examines the impact of CEO education on Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure in Indonesian banks, with a focus on the role of CEO characteristics in shaping corporate social practices. Using data from banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, the study explores the relationship between CEO education level, CEO background in finance, and CSR disclosure, applying the Upper Echelons Theory (UET) to explain how CEO characteristics influence corporate decision-making. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between CEO education level and CSR disclosure, suggesting that CEOs with higher education are more likely to lead firms that disclose comprehensive CSR information. Conversely, CEOs with a finance background were found to have a negative impact on CSR disclosure, indicating a preference for financial performance over social responsibility. Additionally, company size was found to significantly influence CSR disclosure, with larger companies more likely to engage in CSR reporting. The study contributes to the growing body of literature on CSR disclosure by highlighting the role of CEO education in shaping corporate transparency, particularly in the banking sector. The findings also underscore the need for a balanced perspective in leadership, where a broader commitment to social responsibility and sustainability complements financial expertise.  

This study investigates the effectiveness of media literacy training in enhancing high school students’ critical evaluation skills in the digital era. The research is motivated by the growing challenges of disinformation and fake news, which often influence young people’s perception of news and their decision-making processes. The objective of this study is to examine how structured media literacy training can transform students’ ability to critically analyze information, recognize fake news, and construct well-founded arguments. A qualitative research approach was employed, using content analysis of training materials, classroom workshops, observations, and reflective interviews or questionnaires to gather data. The participants were purposively selected high school students engaged in the media literacy program. The findings reveal significant improvements in students’ ability to identify the characteristics of fake news, verify information through reliable sources, and analyze media messages more systematically. Before the training, students tended to accept information uncritically, struggled to differentiate between facts and opinions, and relied heavily on social media as their primary source of information. After the training, however, they demonstrated more reflective and cautious behavior, cross-checking information from multiple credible sources and presenting arguments that linked news content with broader socio-political contexts. The study concludes that media literacy training plays a crucial role in equipping students with critical thinking skills necessary to navigate the complexities of the digital information landscape. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for integrating media literacy into school curricula, supported by teacher training and sustainable educational policies, to ensure long-term resilience against disinformation.

Background High blood pressure or hypertension is one of the biggest causes of death in the world. Adopting a healthy lifestyle can prevent or slow the onset of hypertension and reduce cardiovascular risk Apiin and mannitol content in celery leaves have diuretic properties that help draw fluid and support kidney function in removing excess fluid from the body. This process can significantly lower blood pressure in people with hypertension Objectives to determine changes in blood pressure in hypertensive patients with non-pharmacological therapy using celery leaves Quasi-Experimental design method with Pre-test and Post-test control group design. Samples were taken using Purposive Sampling technique as many as 30 people Research Results From the characteristics of respondents and based on statistical tests with the Wilcoxon Test in the intervention group Pre-test Post-test obtained Asymp. Sig. value of 0.890 Conclusion There is no significant change between the intervention group and the control group in the provision of non-pharmacological therapy using Celery leaves Suggestions For people with hypertension to always seek information in improving self-management in order to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension.

Mathematics plays a crucial role in developing students' problem-solving abilities and independence. Educators need to consider the varying characteristics of students when it comes to solving problems, one of which is their adversity quotient (AQ) level. The adversity quotient relates to a student's ability to handle complex problems or to overcome challenging situations. This research aims to analyze the mathematical problem-solving abilities of Class X students in the context of Systems of Linear Equations in Two Variables (SPLDV) based on their Adversity Quotient (AQ). This qualitative, descriptive study involved selecting research subjects using an AQ questionnaire and was conducted in Class X. Data collection methods included testing, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques included data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that subjects with the Climber type can understand problems, develop problem-solving plans, solve problems with accurate and appropriate steps, and use available information to re-check their answers. Subjects with the Camper type can understand problems, develop problem-solving plans, solve problems with accurate and appropriate steps, but often cannot use available information to re-check their answers. Subjects with the Quitter type can understand the problem and formulate a plan but struggle to solve the problem accurately and appropriately, and tend not to use available information to re-check their answers.

Generation Alpha is a unique generation, born in the era of digital technology. Since an early age, they have been in contact with information technology. Based on previous research, this generation spends a lot of time in front of the screen and is fluent in using technological tools. As a generation of future leaders, teachers and parents must have an approach based on the characteristics of the Alpha generation in parenting and teaching patterns to develop leadership character. The study aims to examine the characteristics of the Alpha generation, how character education for the Alpha generation and effective parenting patterns in preparing the digital leadership of the Alpha generation. Literature studies show that the Alpha generation has great potential as a digital leader through the digital environment, character education in schools and parental care must be adjusted to the characteristics of the Alpha generation, by providing role models, mentoring, and good relationships. This study used a mixed method involving a quantitative survey of teachers and students, as well as qualitative interviews with school principals. The results of the study show that effective leadership in this context involves the implementation of holistic policies, which not only emphasize mastery of technology, but also strengthen character values ​​such as responsibility, discipline, and empathy. Thus, the role of principals and teachers is crucial in creating a learning environment that is balanced between the intellectual development and character of students.  This research provides strategic recommendations for educational leaders in designing policies that are able to integrate technology without neglecting student character development.