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Hypothermia during surgery is a common occurrence among pediatric patients due to their immature thermoregulation system, higher body surface area-to-weight ratio, and thinner subcutaneous fat layer. This condition can lead to several complications, including increased bleeding, coagulation disorders, surgical wound infections, and delayed healing. Prevention strategies include active and passive warming methods. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of active and passive warming in preventing intraoperative hypothermia in pediatric patients. A scoping review approach was applied to interpret the evidence based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, followed by data exploration, analysis, and synthesis of findings. The results indicate that active warming methods—such as forced-air warming, blanket warming, and warmed intravenous fluids—are more effective than passive warming in maintaining normothermia during surgery. Moreover, combining both approaches provides optimal prevention against hypothermia. Overall, active warming plays a vital role in stabilizing body temperature and enhancing patient safety during pediatric surgery. Therefore, its implementation should be considered a standard practice in perioperative nursing care.

Low Birth Weight (LBW) infants are among the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality in Indonesia. This condition is associated with the immaturity of organ systems, including thermoregulation and respiratory function, making infants prone to stress, hypothermia, and oxygenation problems. One nursing intervention that helps improve physiological stability is the nesting technique, which positions the baby similarly to the intrauterine condition using soft rolled cloths as a “nest.” This case study aimed to determine the effect of nesting on oxygen saturation and pulse frequency changes in LBW infants in the perinatology room of RSUD Batang. The design used a descriptive case study with a nursing process approach involving 5 LBW infants who met inclusion criteria. The intervention was carried out by applying nesting for 30 minutes, then measuring oxygen saturation and pulse rate before and after the intervention using a pulse oximeter. The results showed an increase in oxygen saturation and changes in pulse rate after nesting. The mean oxygen saturation before intervention was 94%, increasing to 98% after three days of treatment. The average pulse rate increased from 130 beats/minute to 136 beats/minute, remaining within normal physiological limits (120–160 bpm). This indicates improved comfort and physiological stability due to the flexed position during nesting, which reduces stress and enhances oxygen efficiency. In conclusion, the nesting technique effectively improves oxygen saturation and stabilizes pulse rate in LBW infants. It is recommended as an evidence-based nursing practice for promoting comfort and physiological stability in premature or LBW infants in perinatology units.    

Low Birth Weight (LBW) infants are among the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality in Indonesia. This condition results from the immaturity of organ systems, including thermoregulation, making infants vulnerable to hypothermia. One non-pharmacological intervention to maintain body temperature stability is the nesting technique, which positions the baby in a flexed posture similar to the intrauterine condition using soft rolled cloths as a “nest.” This case study aimed to determine the effect of nesting on body temperature changes in LBW infants in the perinatology room of RSUD Batang. The study used a descriptive case study with a nursing process approach involving five LBW infants (<2500 g, spontaneous breathing). The intervention involved applying nesting for 30 minutes daily over three consecutive days. Body temperature was measured before and after the intervention using a digital thermometer. The results showed an increase in body temperature in all subjects. The average temperature before intervention was 35.9°C and increased to 36.6°C after three days of nesting therapy. This indicates that nesting effectively helps maintain body temperature stability in LBW infants by providing comfort, reducing stress, and conserving body energy. In conclusion, nesting is an effective evidence-based nursing intervention for improving body temperature in LBW infants and is recommended for perinatology care settings.

Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that requires the blood to be at a temperature close to normal human body temperature, approximately 36– 38°C. Transfusing cold blood can lead to serious complications such as hypothermia, coagulation disorders, and even cardiac arrest. Therefore, a reliable and automated blood warming device is essential to ensure safe transfusions. This study aims to design and modify a Blood Warmer Thawing device based on the Arduino Uno microcontroller as an innovative and cost- effective solution, particularly for healthcare facilities with limited resources. The system integrates a DS18B20 temperature sensor to monitor the temperature of the heating medium in real time, with data displayed on a 20x4 I2C LCD. Users can set the desired temperature via a 4x4 keypad, and the system automatically adjusts the heater performance based on the detected temperature. To enhance safety and operational efficiency, the device is also equipped with a buzzer as a warning indicator when the temperature exceeds the safe threshold, and utilizes a DC motor and cooling fan to maintain proper heat circulation. Test results indicate that the device is capable of maintaining the liquid temperature within the ideal range for blood transfusions, with high stability and fast response to temperature changes. This innovation offers a practical, affordable, and easy-to-implement solution to support effective and safe blood transfusion procedures in various healthcare settings.

Hypothermia after general anesthesia is a common complication that can seriously impact patient recovery. Identifying risk factors contributing to this occurrence is crucial for effective prevention and management. Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with the occurrence of hypothermia after general anesthesia in patients in the Surgical Unit of Regina Maris Regional Hospital, Medan. Methods: This study used a quantitative analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. A sample of 78 patients undergoing general anesthesia was selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through observation and documentation, and analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results: Factors shown to be significantly associated with the occurrence of hypothermia after general anesthesia included preoperative body temperature (p=0.010), gender (p=0.014), and duration of surgery (p=0.001). Meanwhile, age and body mass index did not show a significant association. Conclusion: Body temperature, gender, and duration of surgery are the main determinants of the occurrence of hypothermia after general anesthesia. Preventive strategies that focus on body temperature management before and during surgery are needed, especially in high-risk patients.

This study investigates the relationship between intraoperative blood loss and the incidence of hypothermia in patients undergoing general anesthesia at PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Hospital. General anesthesia, while commonly used for its effectiveness and patient comfort, is associated with various physiological changes, including postoperative hypothermia. Hypothermia can lead to serious complications such as delayed recovery, increased bleeding, infection risk, and impaired wound healing. One contributing factor is blood loss during surgery, which reduces the body’s ability to regulate temperature. This research employed an observational analytic method with a cross-sectional approach involving surgical patients who received general anesthesia. Data were collected on the volume of intraoperative bleeding and the presence of hypothermia in the recovery phase. The findings indicate a significant correlation between the amount of blood lost during surgery and the occurrence of hypothermia. These results suggest that early identification and management of blood loss are essential to prevent hypothermia and its associated risks. The study emphasizes the importance of temperature monitoring and bleeding control in improving patient safety and outcomes during surgical procedures involving general anesthesia

Surgery with spinal anesthesia techniques often causes complications such as hypothermia with shivering symptoms that can affect hemodynamics, one method of overcoming shivering is the provision of blanket warmers. Knowing the effect of blanked warmer on hemodynamics in shivering patients after spinal anesthesia in IBS RSUD dr.Tjitrowardojo Purworejo. This study used a type of quasi-experimental research with a pretest posttest control group design approach, sampling with purposive sampling. The research sample amounted to 30 respondents of post-spinal anesthesia patients. The results showed that there was an effect on hemodynamics as evidenced by the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test in the experimental group of blood pressure P value 0.001 and pulse 0.000 in the control group obtained p value 1.000, and a different test using the mann whitney test obtained a significant value of blood pressure and pulse p value of 0.000 (α < 0.05). There is an effect of giving blanket waremer on hemodynamics in post-spinal anesthesia patients in IBS RSUD dr.Tjitrowardojo Purworejo. As an alternative and can improve the comfort of patients who experience hemodynamic disorders in postoperative shivering patients with spinal anesthesia.

The common issue faced by newborn babies is their difficulty in regulating body temperature with their environment. This often leads to hypothermia, which is a significant cause of mortality in newborns. Therefore, biomedical equipment that can regulate temperature in the newborn environment is crucial. In the design and development research of an Infant Warmer Temperature Control System using the PID method, key components include the Atmega328P microcontroller, a Skin Sensor for monitoring baby body temperature, and an SSR driver circuit for heater control. The PID control method utilizes feedback mechanisms to correct errors between measured values and their deviations.To ascertain accuracy, functional testing was conducted using an Incubator Analyzer. The comparison between the skin sensor and the Incubator Analyzer showed minimal differences, with the largest difference being 0.15℃ and the smallest 0.01℃. It can be concluded that the skin sensor readings are accurate within tolerance limits. The maximum error percentage of the device was 0.2%, while the minimum error percentage was 0%. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the PID method Infant Warmer temperature control system designed functions effectively, manages overshoot well, and maintains stability.

Body Mass Index (BMI) is the most commonly used and practical indicator for measuring levels of overweight and obesity in adults. to determine the relationship between body mass index and the incidence of hypothermia in post-spinal anesthesia patients at the Central Surgical Installation (IBS) of Ibnu Sina Hospital, Gresik Regency. The research design used was a cross-sectional study with a population of 100 people. The sample used in this study was purposive sampling with 80. Results: the majority of respondents had a BMI of 18.5-25.0 (normal ) (88.8%). The incidence of hypothermia in the majority of respondents was body temperature ≤36°C (hypothermia) (77.5%) and the results of Chi-Square Tests showed a p-value <0.05, namely p-value = 0.001, so it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship Between the relationship between Body Mass Index and the incidence of hypothermia in patients after spinal anesthesia at Ibnu Sina Regional Hospital. Conclusion: based on research that there is a relationship between Body Mass Index and the incidence of hypothermia in patients after spinal anesthesia at Ibnu Sina Regional Hospital.