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Globalization and technological developments require students to have global competencies, one of which is English language skills. This study aims to examine the urgency of English learning in elementary schools (SD) in preparing students' global competencies through a literature review. The method used is a qualitative research approach with a literature study sourced from scientific journals, academic books, and relevant educational documents from 2020–2025. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis techniques through data reduction, grouping themes, and synthesis of findings. The results of the study indicate that elementary school age is the optimal phase for language acquisition, so that early English learning can improve students' communication skills, digital literacy, and cultural openness. Communicative and contextual learning has been proven effective in increasing student motivation and self-confidence. Despite challenges such as limited teacher competence and students' fear of speaking English, English learning in elementary schools remains a crucial investment in preparing a generation ready to face global demands.

This study aims to analyze the synergy between the Cambridge Curriculum and Islamic Education in fostering students’ character who are faithful, knowledgeable, and globally competitive. The research employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, following the PRISMA protocol to trace, screen, and synthesize relevant literature from reputable databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) within the 2015–2025 timeframe. Out of 142 identified articles, 38 met the thematic and methodological eligibility criteria. The findings indicate that the integration of the Cambridge Curriculum and Islamic Education creates a hybrid educational model that balances global academic achievement with spiritual and moral development. The Cambridge Curriculum provides a framework for 21st-century competencies, while Islamic Education embeds values, manners, and moral accountability. This synergy requires a paradigm shift among teachers, pedagogical innovation, and curriculum policies centered on character formation. The study concludes that character development based on the integration of global curriculum and Islamic values is a strategic pathway to cultivating an excellent and adaptive Muslim generation ready to face global challenges.

This study investigates the alignment between global competency frameworks and local educational practices, particularly in multilingual classrooms. With globalization influencing education, acquiring skills like intercultural communication and global citizenship is vital. However, integrating these competencies into local curricula remains inconsistent, especially in multilingual settings, where linguistic and cultural diversity pose challenges. Using qualitative methods such as curriculum mapping, teacher interviews, and classroom observations, the study identifies areas of alignment and misalignment. While global competencies are integrated into subjects like social studies and global health education, technical subjects like mathematics and science show less alignment. The study also highlights gaps in the development of intercultural competence and global communication skills, which are often underrepresented. Challenges like language barriers, the monolingual habitus of many schools, and limited professional development for teachers in multilingual contexts hinder the full implementation of global competencies. The study recommends improving curriculum integration of global competencies across all subjects and enhancing teacher training to support multilingual classrooms. Future research should explore regional variations in multilingual settings and how technology can aid in developing global competencies. Addressing these challenges will better prepare students for both local and global challenges in an interconnected world.

This paper explores the integration of global citizenship education (GCE) in the curricula of select Asian universities. Through a survey of faculty members and curriculum developers, the study analyzes current GCE initiatives and identifies key factors that influence their implementation. Findings suggest that while GCE is increasingly valued, there are challenges related to funding, curriculum rigidity, and cultural relevance. The study proposes strategies for effectively embedding GCE in higher education curricula to cultivate global competencies in students.