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The increasing use of digital devices among adolescents raises concerns regarding eye health, particularly myopia. Non-ergonomic postures, such as using gadgets in a lying position, may increase accommodative stress on the eyes and contribute to visual impairment. To analyze the association between the duration and viewing distance of gadget use in a lying position and the occurrence of myopia among eighth-grade students at SMPN 119 Central Jakarta. An observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 74 eighth-grade students. Data on gadget use habits, including duration and viewing distance, were collected using a structured questionnaire. Visual acuity was assessed using a Snellen chart. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Chi-square test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Decreased visual acuity was found in 62.2% of respondents. There was no significant association between viewing distance and myopia (p = 0.080). However, a significant association was identified between gadget use duration exceeding two hours per day and the occurrence of myopia (p = 0.002). The duration of gadget use in a lying position was significantly associated with myopia, whereas viewing distance was not. Limiting the duration of gadget use may help prevent visual impairment among adolescents.

Astigmatism is a refractive disorder caused by uneven curvature of the cornea or lens, causing light not to focus on the retina. This study aims to measure the prevalence of astigmatism among students at Ma Chung University and identify the relationship between the duration and position of gadget use with astigmatism. The study method used a cross-sectional design involving 125 students aged 17–24 years. Data were collected through questionnaires and eye examinations using a Snellen chart and keratometer. The results showed that 38.4% of students had astigmatism. Most students (96.8%) used gadgets for more than 2 hours a day, and 91.2% used gadgets in a lying position. Using gadgets in this position and for long durations increases the risk of astigmatism. The conclusion of this study is that astigmatism is a significant problem among students. Implementation of the 20-20-20 rule and increasing outdoor activities are recommended for prevention. Routine eye examinations are also needed so that disorders can be detected and treated early.

Astigmatism is a refractive disorder caused by uneven curvature of the cornea or lens, causing light not to focus on the retina. This study aims to measure the prevalence of astigmatism among students at Ma Chung University and identify the relationship between the duration and position of gadget use with astigmatism. The study method used a cross-sectional design involving 125 students aged 17–24 years. Data were collected through questionnaires and eye examinations using a Snellen chart and keratometer. The results showed that 38.4% of students had astigmatism. Most students (96.8%) used gadgets for more than 2 hours a day, and 91.2% used gadgets in a lying position. Using gadgets in this position and for long durations increases the risk of astigmatism. The conclusion of this study is that astigmatism is a significant problem among students. Implementation of the 20-20-20 rule and increasing outdoor activities are recommended for prevention. Routine eye examinations are also needed so that disorders can be detected and treated early.

Hypermetropia is a refractive disorder that affects the eye's focus on close objects and can affect academic activities. This study involved 125 students from Ma Chung University Malang, aged 17–24 years, to determine the prevalence of hypermetropia and explore factors that affect their visual health. Data collection was carried out through visual acuity examination using the Snellen chart and questionnaires related to visual habits and duration of gadget use. The results showed that 3.2% of respondents had hypermetropia. Most students (96.8%) used gadgets for more than two hours per day, with 91.2% of them doing so in a lying position, which can increase the risk of eye strain. In addition, symptoms such as blurred vision (58.4%) and eye fatigue (38.4%) were frequently reported. Other risk factors, such as lack of outdoor activities, also contributed to the decline in eye health. Education about healthy visual habits, such as the application of the 20-20-20 rule and regular eye examinations, is essential to prevent worsening of the condition. The results of this study are expected to be a basis for universities in increasing student awareness of the importance of maintaining eye health in the digital era.

Hypermetropia is a refractive disorder that affects the eye's focus on close objects and can affect academic activities. This study involved 125 students from Ma Chung University Malang, aged 17–24 years, to determine the prevalence of hypermetropia and explore factors that affect their visual health. Data collection was carried out through visual acuity examination using the Snellen chart and questionnaires related to visual habits and duration of gadget use. The results showed that 3.2% of respondents had hypermetropia. Most students (96.8%) used gadgets for more than two hours per day, with 91.2% of them doing so in a lying position, which can increase the risk of eye strain. In addition, symptoms such as blurred vision (58.4%) and eye fatigue (38.4%) were frequently reported. Other risk factors, such as lack of outdoor activities, also contributed to the decline in eye health. Education about healthy visual habits, such as the application of the 20-20-20 rule and regular eye examinations, is essential to prevent worsening of the condition. The results of this study are expected to be a basis for universities in increasing student awareness of the importance of maintaining eye health in the digital era.