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Clay soils generally have low bearing capacity and are vulnerable to the water. Therfore, stabilization is necessary as an effort to increase the bearing capacity and improve the other parameters, one fo them by adding other materials such as fly ash and coral limestone powder as done in this research. The purpose of this research is to understand the effect of fly ash and coral limestone powder addition to the bearing capacity of clay soils after compaction process in term of CBR value by adding 15% fly ash and 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% coral limestone powder variations. The analysis results show that the original soil is an inorganic clay with 47,84% plasticity index. By adding fly ash and coral limestone powder variations decreases the plasticity index value to the lowest value 20,23%. The specific gravity increased on the 15% fly ash addition from 2,63 to 2,868 and decreased along with coral limestone powder addition to the lowest value 2,556. The maximum dry density decreased by adding 15% fly ash from 1,465 gr/cm3 on the original soil to 1,450 gr/cm3 and increased along with coral limestone powder addition to the highest value 1,522 gr/cm3. The optimum moisture content decreased along with the fly ash and coral limestone powder addition from 26,80% to 20,50%. The CBR value increased from the lowest value 0,47% to the highest value 15,29%.

Fly density is an indicator of environmental sanitation assessment. Fly density is influenced by waste management, the National Waste Management Information System (SIPSN) shows that waste generation in Jambi City reaches 159,688.01 tons/year. The aim of this research is to determine factors related to the level of fly density in Temporary Waste Storage Sites (TPSS) in Telanaipura District, Jambi City 2023. This research is a quantitative research with a cross sectional method research design. This research was conducted in the Telanaipura District community with a sample of 94 people. Data analysis was carried out using univariate and bivariate methods using correlation tests. The results of this study indicate that knowledge (p=0.027), action (p=0.029), monitoring (p=0.017), sorting (p=0.016), collection (p=0.027), and transportation (p=0.026) have relationship with the level of fly density, while attitude (p=0.245) had no relationship with the level of fly density. Knowledge, action, monitoring, sorting, collection and transportation are factors related to the level of fly density in temporary waste storage sites in Telanaipura District. It is hoped that the public will pay attention to managing household waste properly.

Water absorption test and compressive strength test were conducted to determine the quality standards of paving blocks. This research was conducted by using a mixture of fly ash, bottom ash and cement. The tests carried out in this study were water absorption test and compressive strength test using 3 compositions of 5%, 8% and 12%. In each composition using 3 samples for testing. Tests were carried out with a vulnerable time between 7 days, 14 days and 28 days. The highest water absorption results in the 8% composition with water absorption of 1.467%. The highest compressive strength results in the 8% composition with a compressive strength of 10.479 Mpa.

Concrete typically consists of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, cement, and water. However, cement production generates significant carbon dioxide emissions nearly equivalent to the tons of cement produced. One alternative to conventional concrete, which replaces cement as a binder, is geopolymer concrete. Geopolymer concrete utilizes fly ash or other materials containing silica and alumina as the binder. Unlike cement, which forms a binder through hydration, geopolymer concrete uses a chemical reaction with alkali activators such as Na2SiO3 (sodium silicate) and NaOH (sodium hydroxide). This study investigates the toughness of geopolymer concrete using cylindrical specimens measuring 15 cm x 30 cm with varying Na2SiO3 to NaOH ratios of 1:0.5, 1:1, and 1:1.5, cured at room temperature for 28 days. The study results show that the highest toughness was achieved with a sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio of 1.5, yielding 2.7394 x 105 J/m3. Meanwhile, the toughness values for sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratios of 0.5 and 1.0 were 2.3748 x 105 J/m3 and 2.5821 x 105 J/m3, respectively. Thus, increasing the sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio from 0.5 to 1.5 at an activator content of 0.43 affects the toughness of geopolymer concrete.

Coal mining activities often result in acid mine drainage (AMD), which can cause environmental pollution if not properly managed. This study aims to evaluate the potential use of fly ash from the Stream Power Plant (PLTU) Tenggarong to mitigate the impacts of AMD, specifically targeting iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and pH parameters. Acid Mine drainage is formed when sulfide minerals oxidize, producing acidic compounds that can harm the environment. This research focuses on analyzing the ability of fly ash to adsorb iron and manganese from AMD solutions, as well its capability to increase solution pH. Based on the conducted research, the optimum pH value was achieved when using 10 grams and 15 grams of fly ash in the adsorption process. The optimum concentration of iron (Fe) was attained using 10 grams to 15 grams of fly ash, while for manganese (Mn), it was achieved with 20 grams to 25 grams of fly ash. The adsorption process using 25 grams of fly ash showed the highest efficiency in reducing iron (Fe) concentration by 93.78 % and manganese (Mn) concentration by 75.47 %.

Utilization of fly ash which is part of the residue from burning coal for power plants (PLTU), where the combustion products have the same size as sand. Asphalt concrete is a type of construction pavement consisting of a mixture of asphalt and aggregate, either with or without added materials. This research aims to determine the characteristic values ​​of asphalt using fly ash as a substitute for sand in AC – WC asphalt concrete with mixed variations of 25%, 50% and 75%. From the research results, the AC-WC mixture used according to the standard, namely the condition of 5.5% asphalt content, obtained a stability value of 1580kg, a VFB value of 79.00%, a VMA value of 15.50%, a VIM value of 3.40%, a MQ value of 550kg/mm ​​, flow value 2.90mm and density value 2.35. Tests with mixture variations of 25%, 50% and 75% obtained a maximum stability value of 1706.5kg at a variation of 25%, a maximum flow value of 3.54mm at a variation of 75%, a maximum VIM value of 6.90% at a variation of 75%, a maximum VMA value 17.68% at 75% variation, maximum VFB value 84.89% at 25% variation, maximum density value 2.38 at 25% variation and MQ value 605.33kg/mm ​​at 25% variation. From the results of a study of the characteristics of asphalt using fly ash as a substitute for sand in AC-WC concrete asphalt with a variation of 50% which meets the requirements of the 2018 General Specifications Revision 2.    

The aim of this literature study is to conclude that the use of fly ash as a replacement material for most of the functions of cement in concrete mixes meets the standards for using concrete mixes as environmentally friendly building construction materials in the context of sustainable development, reducing the risk of the greenhouse effect caused by carbon dioxide. The conclusion is that Fly ash, as waste from burning coal for power plants, can be used as a substitute for most of the functions of Portland cement, so that the waste material becomes an economic value and an effort to save the environment. And the mechanism for using HVFA-SCC concrete provides a work productivity solution in the construction sector in reducing the use of labor more efficiently and economically, as well as reducing the use of a large proportion of cement in the concrete composition. Fly ash contains physical and chemical elements with an equivalent composition that is similar to Portland cement. The softness of the fly ash grains is beneficial for filling empty spaces, making the concrete denser and more compact. The equivalent physical and chemical properties mean that fly ash can replace Portland cement.

Background: Glass Reinforced Concrete (GRC) is an innovative construction material that combines glass fiber with concrete, providing high strength and durability. However, the influence of GRC mixture composition on flexural strength values has not been studied in depth. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of GRC mixture composition variables, such as the ratio between glass fiber and concrete binder, on flexural strength. It is hoped that the results of this research can provide deeper insight into the use of GRC in construction and help develop more efficient and durable construction materials. Results: From the results of the discussion regarding the effect of differences in fiberglass composition on flexural strength, it was found that the addition of 2% fiber resulted in an average flexural strength of 23.01 kgf/cm2, with an increase of up to 49.77 kgf/cm2 at 1% fiberglass. However, with a fiber composition of 0.8%, the highest flexural strength was obtained at 56.84 kgf/cm2. The addition of fibers that exceed the maximum limit can reduce the density of GRC concrete so that its ability to distribute bending strength forces is reduced. Meanwhile, the effect of fly ash substitution on flexural strength shows that replacing some of the cement with fly ash by 20% can increase the flexural strength value of GRC, because the silica and alumina compounds in fly ash can speed up the hydration process. However, of the five specimens tested, none met the SNI 8299:2017 standard which requires a minimum average flexural strength of 100 kgf/cm2

PLTU produces coal-burning residues in the form of fly ash waste, which is constantly increasing. Fly ash is an industrial waste that is hazardous to the environment and human health but can be exploited because it has the characteristics of pozzolan. We conducted research on the use of fly ash as a cement substitute in the making of paving blocks. The aim of the research was to find out the strong pressure paving block method in British Standard 6717 with SNI 03-0691-1996 against the use of fly ash and how much of the fly ash is used against the strength of the optimum pressure. The research used an experimental method, with a comparison of 1 cement with 4 sand and variations in the use of air ash at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. Tests were conducted when paving the block through the process of curing for 28 days. This study resulted in a strong average pressure paving block (PB) using the British Standard fly ash method 6717, with PB beam variations of 10%, 20%, and 30% in succession of 14.23 MPa, 13.49 MPa, and 11.14 MPa. While the SNI method 03-0691 1996 is PB cube variation at 10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively, of 12.27 MPa, 10.63 MPa, and 8.67 MPa. The strong result of pushing PB beams using the optimum fly ash is found at a 10% variation of 14.23 MPa and a 10% cubic variation PB of 12.27 MPa.

Roads are a means of transportation for supports various development sector and is a means of regional development of areas along the road the. By Because That, system transportation road kingdom is activity mover economy Which important beside Also become means activity resident Which involve problems economy, social And culture. Development road intended For make it easier connection from something regions to other regions, as well as to develop the economic potential that exists in area the. Objective from study this is For Plan Thick Construction Pavement Rigid With Manual Methods of Pavement Design Road 2017 and Methods Pd T- 14-2003 and compare both methods the. The thickness of the concrete slab obtained from the 2017 Road Pavement Manual method is of 28.5 cm with a thin concrete layer of 10 cm and a drainage layer with a thickness of 15 cm. The thickness of the concrete slab obtained from the Pd T-14-2003 method which is 18 cm. Based on the reinforcement calculation As Min > As Required then obtained reinforcement Which efficient For thick plate concrete 180 mmm is reinforcement 10 mm in diameter with a distance of 300 transverse and longitudinal reinforcement mm, transverse connection (Dowel) is required Ø 28 mm, with a length (L) of 450 mm and the distance (s) between dowels is 300 mm, while the longitudinal connection (Tie Bar) that is with Ø 16 mmm with long 700 mmm And distance 60 mmm. As well as Based on the calculation of reinforcement As Min > As Required, the reinforcement obtained is efficient for a concrete plate thickness of 265 mm is reinforcement with a diameter of 12 mm with distance between transverse reinforcement and longitudinal reinforcement 300 mm, transverse connection (Dowel) required Ø 32 mm, with a length (L) of 450 mm and a distance (s) between dowel 300 mmm, while the longitudinal connection (Tie Bar) is with Ø 16 mm with a length of 700 mm and a distance of 60 mm. Based on the comparison description calculation of rigid pavement thickness using the Manual Design Method Pavement Road (Revision 2017) with thick pavement rigid (rigid pavement) with Method Build Clan Pd T-14-2003 For use method MDPJ 2017 show will more thick compared to method PD Q 14 Year 2003.

This study explores the development of low-carbon concrete by integrating industrial waste materials and CO₂-absorbing minerals to reduce carbon emissions in the construction industry. The research investigates various mix ratios involving fly ash, slag, and CO₂-absorbing minerals, aiming to optimize both performance and sustainability. Experimental methods included compressive strength testing, carbon emission measurement, and durability evaluation. The results indicate that low-carbon concrete formulations achieve up to 45% reduction in carbon emissions compared to conventional concrete, which uses Portland cement. Despite a slight decrease in compressive strength, the optimal mix reached 34 MPa, which is sufficient for structural applications. Durability testing revealed that concrete with CO₂-absorbing minerals showed improved long-term performance compared to other formulations. The findings highlight the potential of using industrial waste materials and carbon capture technologies to create more environmentally sustainable concrete while maintaining necessary structural properties. This study contributes to the growing demand for eco-friendly construction materials and supports the implementation of low-carbon concrete in large-scale industrial applications. Further optimization of mix ratios and long-term performance studies are recommended for broader adoption in the construction industry.