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This study aims to determine the application of picture media and bingo games in English learning at elementary schools and to improve students’ confidence in learning English. The research was conducted in the sixth grade of Aengbaja Kenek Elementary School in the 2025/2026 academic year with 7 students as the research subjects. The research method used was classroom action research with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and literature study.The results showed that the use of picture media and bingo games was able to increase students’ motivation, enthusiasm, and ability in learning English. Students became more active in learning new vocabulary, understanding grammar, practicing pronunciation, and improving their speaking and reading skills. In addition, the learning process became more enjoyable, interactive, and less monotonous, so students were more confident in using English. Picture media helped students understand the material visually, while bingo games created an interesting learning atmosphere through learning-by-playing activities. Therefore, the application of picture media and bingo games are effective as a medium for teaching English in elementary schools to improve students’ language skills and learning motivation.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using Instagram Live and the Q&A Strategy in improving students’ english speaking skills at Senior High School 47 Jakarta. The research employed a quasi-experimental design using a pretest–posttest control group design. The participants were 72 tenth-grade students divided into two groups: an experimental class that received treatment through Instagram Live sessions and a control class taught through the conventional Discussion and Q&A technique. The research instrument was an oral speaking test, measuring five indicators fluency, pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and comprehension administered both before and after treatment. The data were analyzed using an independent sample t-test, ANOVA, normality, and homogeneity tests. Results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. The post-test mean score of the experimental class (79.11) was higher than the control class (70.72). The t-test indicated a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) < 0.001 with t = 4.960 and a mean difference of 8.40 points. Thus, the null hypothesis (H₀) was rejected, proving that Instagram Live significantly improved students’ speaking skills. The findings conclude that Instagram Live effectively enhances students’ fluency, pronunciation, vocabulary mastery, and self-confidence. Moreover, this study highlights the potential of social media–based learning as an engaging and interactive strategy that fosters motivation, participation, and 21st-century communication competence.

This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of using AI Gemini in improving the writing ability of chronological essays among second-semester students of the English Education Department at Universitas Bhinneka PGRI. A quantitative approach with a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was applied. The instruments used were writing tests administered before and after the treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 through descriptive statistics, normality testing, and hypothesis testing. The results indicated a significant improvement in the post-test scores, with a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.000 (<0.05). The mean pre-test score of 66.50 increased to 85.00 in the post-test. These findings demonstrate that the use of AI Gemini is effective in supporting students to improve their writing skills, particularly in grammar accuracy, sentence structure, vocabulary, and text coherence. This study also emphasizes the importance of applying AI tools in a balanced way to foster critical thinking and independent writing skills.

This study examined the role of mobile-based language learning applications, particularly Duolingo, in supporting self-directed English language learning. Using a qualitative approach through literature review, this research analyzed various academic studies published between 2018 and 2024 that focused on the effectiveness of Duolingo in improving vocabulary, grammar, and learning motivation. The results indicated that Duolingo helped learners develop consistent study habits and fostered autonomy through its gamified features. In addition, the app offered a flexible and engaging learning environment. However, limitations were found in speaking skill development and social interaction, which the application did not fully support. Overall, Duolingo serves as a useful supplementary tool in learning English, but it should be combined with other methods for more comprehensive outcomes.

The development of mobile technology provides new opportunities for independent English learning through digital applications. This community service research aims to implement training on the use of Duolingo and HelloTalk English applications at Leona High School, Lotas Village, Rinhat District. The training was conducted in two weeks, combining lecture methods, demonstrations, direct practice, group discussions, and evaluation through pre-tests and post-tests. The results showed an increase in the average score from 55 to 78 (p < 0.001), with 72% of participants consistently studying daily during the training. In addition to improving basic English skills (vocabulary, reading comprehension, and sentence structure), the training also succeeded in building independent learning habits and digital literacy. Obstacles emerged, especially internet access and limited premium features on some applications. Advanced programs (advanced grammar & speaking), mentoring, and provision of digital infrastructure support are recommended

Education in Indonesia plays an important role in the development of individuals and the country, shaping social and cultural values and preparing for the future. Quality education creates human resources who are innovative and have high social awareness, as regulated in Republic of Indonesia Law no. 20 of 2003. The main challenge is to maintain achievements and adapt to the Society 5.0 era. Curricula, such as the 2013 Curriculum and the Merdeka Curriculum, are designed to develop students' knowledge, skills and character. English as a compulsory subject increases career and educational opportunities in the context of globalization. English teaching in Indonesia emphasizes listening, speaking, reading and writing skills, as well as the importance of grammar and vocabulary. Nouns are an important element in sentence formation, and understanding nouns helps students in all aspects of language skills. An effective method for studying nouns is through descriptive text analysis. The Community Service Activity (PKM) entitled "Learning Nouns Through Descriptive Text Analysis for Grade 7 Students at MTs Lijamul Athfal Sukabumi" aims to develop community potential, increase creativity, writing skills and relationship networks. It is hoped that this PKM can improve students' understanding of nouns and become a guide for language learning in Indonesian literature, as well as arouse interest in learning English. The method used includes preparation and implementation of noun learning through descriptive text analysis at MTs Lijamul Athfal Sukabumi with results showing high enthusiasm from students. It is hoped that this fun context-based learning can be an alternative that advances education and produces students with international insight.

This study aims to enhance students' interest in learning English through the utilization of PowerPoint presentations as a teaching medium. The research was conducted at MTs Hidayatul Muhajirin Palangka Raya, involving eighth-grade students. The method employed was a lecture using PowerPoint presentations equipped with audio features. The material taught was "Descriptions of People’s Personalities." The results showed that the use of PowerPoint presentations was able to increase students' motivation and interest in learning. The visually appealing materials, complemented by audio features, along with group discussions and individual assignments, effectively accommodated various learning styles, particularly visual and auditory. Additionally, PowerPoint facilitated students' understanding of concepts, vocabulary, and English grammar. In conclusion, the utilization of PowerPoint presentations as a teaching medium is an effective step in improving the quality of English language learning.

Learning and teaching activities occur almost every day in the classroom between teachers and students. In this context, the process is usually thought of as the teacher delivering material to students while the students listen to the teacher's explanation. Learning in the classroom can occur if an interaction or synergy is created from various factors that support the teaching and learning process such as the presence of teachers, students, curriculum, teaching methods or techniques, teaching media and others. In this case, a learning activity is carried out to achieve learning objectives. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of using children's songs as a method of learning English in elementary schools. The research method used is qualitative research with a literature study approach. The research results show that the use of children's songs in English learning in elementary schools can increase students' motivation, strengthen their language skills, and facilitate enjoyable learning. Children's songs help students internalize English vocabulary, grammar and intonation more effectively. These findings provide important insights for the development of English language learning strategies that focus on students' active involvement. It is hoped that the results of this research can become a basis for developing a more innovative and student-oriented English language learning approach in elementary schools.    

Proficiency in English is vital for participation in the global knowledge economy, providing access to information, education, and technological advancements. Recognizing this, SMP Darul Ulum 1 Peterongan Jombang collaborated with Unipdu Jombang to organize an English training program for its teachers and staff. This program aimed to enhance participants' English competency to deliver effective instruction and foster a conducive learning environment. The month-long program employed interactive methodologies covering grammar, vocabulary, phonetics, teaching methodology, and technology integration. Results show significant improvement in participants' English skills, with implications for teaching effectiveness and student outcomes. The success of this program elevates the school's reputation and competitiveness in providing quality education. Ongoing professional development and a supportive English environment are recommended for sustained improvement.

The implementataion of this service activity aims to determine the difficulties of Papua childrens in orphanages in mastering vocabulary and grammar in understanding English texts. Papuan children experience a lack of vocabulary mastery, lack of self confidence, fear of making mistakes, so it is hoped that with this training participants can improve their ability to use English vocabulary and grammar properly and correctly so that there will be an increase in participants’ skills in master English vocabulary. This service was carried out at the Kartini orphanage in Merauke in February 2024. The duration was 2 times a week namely Thursday and Friday for 3 months through the application of theory and practice with 20 native Papuan children. This service is carried out in the in the form of workshops, training, and mentoring, while the methods used are: (1) providing a handbook to be used during the activity which contains the materials that will be studied during the activity; (2) provide basic material; (3) provide training on vocabulary and grammar to measure the participants’ mastery of vocabulary and grammar. The expected results of this service are: (1) growing interest in indigenous Papuan children learning grammar and vocabulary in the language; (2) increasing knowledge of English vocabulary aand grammar of native Papuan children; (3) increasing English readings skills.

The implementataion of this service activity aims to determine the difficulties of Papua childrens in orphanages in mastering vocabulary and grammar in understanding English texts. Papuan children experience a lack of vocabulary mastery, lack of self confidence, fear of making mistakes, so it is hoped that with this training participants can improve their ability to use English vocabulary and grammar properly and correctly so that there will be an increase in participants’ skills in master English vocabulary. This service was carried out at the Kartini orphanage in Merauke in February 2024. The duration was 2 times a week namely Thursday and Friday for 3 months through the application of theory and practice with 20 native Papuan children. This service is carried out in the in the form of workshops, training, and mentoring, while the methods used are: (1) providing a handbook to be used during the activity which contains the materials that will be studied during the activity; (2) provide basic material; (3) provide training on vocabulary and grammar to measure the participants’ mastery of vocabulary and grammar. The expected results of this service are: (1) growing interest in indigenous Papuan children learning grammar and vocabulary in the language; (2) increasing knowledge of English vocabulary aand grammar of native Papuan children; (3) increasing English readings skills.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of English textbooks for special purposes, particularly in the context of learning English for education. The content analysis method was used to evaluate the textbook with a focus on its purpose, content, methodology, and practical aspects. The results of the analysis showed strengths in purpose, approach, design and organization, as well as language aspects such as vocabulary and grammar. However, there were weaknesses in content coverage and integration of important components such as grammar and pronunciation. The implication is that this study emphasizes the importance of textbook evaluation to ensure the quality and effectiveness of learning, by adapting the materials to learners' needs and integrating methodologies that are in line with the latest educational developments.

The implementation of this community service activity was carried out in class VII SMP Negeri Gudang Arang Merauke with a total of 20 participants. It is hoped that these students can understand and know English as a foreign language and as an effort to increase interest, motivation, will, and interest. Students in learning English in the field of education. This service contributes to learning English, especially for beginners (Young Learners) as an effort to increase students’ interest in learning English. In addition, this activity contributes to realizing education in Junior High School (SMP) to foster students’ interests and talents and motivation in learning English and as an effort to provide an introduction to English for the beginner level (Young Learners). This service is carried out in the form of a workshop which includes socialization in the form of training/introduction and mentoring. The material for the service activities is divided into two, namely exposure to motivational material interest in learning English and introduction to English vocabulary and grammar to be able to read texts in English. The expected goals of this service are: 1) increasing students’ knowledge and understanding of how to learn English is easy; 2) increasing students’ skills in English and students being able to understand reading material well. From the whole series of community service activities, the main hope is an improvement. Improving conditions from not knowing, not understanding to very understanding, and from low be high in terms of interest, motivation, willingnesss and interest of sudents in learning English especially English vocabulary and grammar

This study analyzed the writing skills in English expository text. There are five indicators in writing expository text: content, organization, grammar, vocabulary, and mechanics. This study aimed to investigate the students' writing skill on expository text related to the five indicators of English expositorytext and investigated the difficulties in writing English expository text. This research study used a descriptive quantitative research design. The participants were first semester students at English Literature Study Program of Universitas Trunojoyo Madura. The data collected from students' writing expository text test and analyzed by using Heaton’s theory. The result data analysis showed that: 1) 47% of students were average to good in writing content, 2) 51% of students were average to good in writing organization, 3) 31% of students were average to good in using grammar, 4) 36% of students were very good to excellent in using vocabulary, 5) 44% of students were very good to excellent in writing mechanics. This research found some difficulties the students when writing expository text. First, students cannot develop their ideas. Second, students are unable to develop their idea based on topic that they have to explain in expository text. Third, students struggle with grammatical structure of expository text. That means, they have to more understand about the simple present tense. Fourth, they were difficult to select appropriate vocabulary when writing expository text. The last, they miss-spelt words and were unsure of proper punctuation that was causing an error of mechanics.    

There are many aspects discussed in English Grammar, one of them is passive voice, Students usually found the difficulties when they are learning passive voice, such as lack of vocabulary, less of simple past tense understanding and also they got hard time to distinguish between active and passive voice because they did not know the basic tenses mainly in simple past tense form, so when they were shown the formula of passive voices, especially in simple past tense, they barely understood and confused. This researcher used qualitative method, the design of the research was case study. Researcher analyzed and described the data from the output of the test by using qualitative method. Then,researcher analyzed the students’ errors in transforming the passive voice, and to find out the type of errors, that the students made most in their test in transforming voice of simple past tense, and also to know in terms of verb “be”,correct verb, transformation active sentence into passive sentence and transformation passive sentence into active sentence. The results of this researcher are concludes that the types of error that were made by the in transforming the passive voice from the highest percentage to the lowest are error of misformation, error of omission, and error of misordering. Researcher found that the commonest errors made by the students were the errors of misformation which take up 108 errors or 57%. It i s followed by errors in omission with percentage 23%, and errors in misordering with percentage 20%.