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This study analyzes the similarities and differences between Japanese and Indonesian compound words, with particular attention to their structural patterns and semantic characteristics. The data were collected from official news websites in Japan and Indonesia, including Asahi Shinbun and Kompas, through observation and note-taking techniques. The collected data were analyzed through the distributional method, and the contrastive analysis was conducted based on morphological theories proposed by Chaer (2015), Katamba (2018), and Kageyama (2016). The findings reveal that ten Japanese and Indonesian compound words share equivalent meanings. From a structural perspective, both languages exhibit various types of compound formations, including noun, adjective, and verb compounds. A notable structural difference is that Japanese compound words may undergo a phonological process known as rendaku. From a semantic perspective, compound words in both languages may be categorized as endocentric and exocentric. However, some compounds do not share the same idiomatic meanings, even though they are constructed from identical lexemes in each language.  

This study analyzes the similarities and differences between Japanese and Indonesian compound words, with particular attention to their structural patterns and semantic characteristics. The data were collected from official news websites in Japan and Indonesia, including Asahi Shinbun and Kompas, through observation and note-taking techniques. The collected data were analyzed through the distributional method, and the contrastive analysis was conducted based on morphological theories proposed by Chaer (2015), Katamba (2018), and Kageyama (2016). The findings reveal that ten Japanese and Indonesian compound words share equivalent meanings. From a structural perspective, both languages exhibit various types of compound formations, including noun, adjective, and verb compounds. A notable structural difference is that Japanese compound words may undergo a phonological process known as rendaku. From a semantic perspective, compound words in both languages may be categorized as endocentric and exocentric. However, some compounds do not share the same idiomatic meanings, even though they are constructed from identical lexemes in each language.  

The rapid development of information technology has pushed the dissemination of news through online media, demanding a language that is fast, concise, and informative to ensure accurate news delivery. This necessity positions the syntactic structure, particularly the phrase, as a critical element in determining the quality and communication effectiveness of digital news. This study has a dual objective: to comprehensively identify and analyze the types of phrases found in five online news articles published by CNBC Indonesia in August 2025, and to elucidate the grammatical function of each phrase  within the context of news sentences. The method employed is a descriptive qualitative method, involving a systematic process of reading, noting, and accurately analyzing the textual data repeatedly. The results indicate a diversity  of phrase types, with a significant dominance of  noun and verb phrases. The findings also include adjectival, prepositional, adverbial, numerical, exocentric, and endocentric phrases, which collectively enrich the linguistic structure, enhance information richness, and greatly facilitate reader comprehension of the news content. These findings not only highlight the specific patterns of phrase usage in digital news writing but also provide deep insights into their structural and grammatical roles. This study is expected to serve as a valuable reference for linguistic research and language learning, as well as offering practical guidance for online media practitioners to continuously improve the clarity, effectiveness, and quality of news writing in the digital realm.

The novel Time and Southeast by L. Dela Fimeta, published on October 2, 2023, is one of the literary works in the romance genre that is interesting to study from a linguistic perspective, especially morphology. This study aims to analyze the morphological process of composition contained in the novel, focusing on the types, examples, and semantic aspects that arise in the use of word composition. The research method used is qualitative descriptive analysis with a literature review approach and text review. Data in the form of compositional words were collected from novel texts, then classified based on the type of composition, such as endocentric, exocentric, and idiomatic compositions. Semantic analysis is carried out to examine the meaning resulting from the composition process, both literal and connotative meanings that enrich the nuances of romance in the novel. The results of the study show that this novel uses word composition creatively to build aesthetic expression, strengthen characterization, and present a distinctive emotional nuance. The semantic aspects of word composition also contribute to the development of deep themes and language styles. In conclusion, the morphological study of composition in the novel Time and Southeast makes an important contribution to the development of morphological studies while enriching literary research that integrates language analysis in literary works.

The formation of new lexical items through the combination of two or more lexemes is referred to as compounding, a significant process within the field of morphology. As noted by O’Grady (1996), compound words are typically categorized into two types: endocentric and exocentric compounds. Katamba (1994:320) emphasizes that endocentric compounds exhibit greater productivity compared to their exocentric counterparts. This study aims to examine the morphological structures of endocentric compound words found in a specific object—namely, the speech text School Strike for Climate. Employing a qualitative-descriptive method, the research analyzes and interprets the semantic classification of the identified compounds. The speech transcript reveals 26 occurrences of endocentric compounds, all of which function as compound nouns and consist of nominal components.

This research is carried out to study the types and meanings of compound words found in Kendrick Lamar’s song lyrics on the GNX album. The main goal is to identify how the compound words are formed and to understand their meanings. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The theory from McCarthy (2002) is used to group the compound words into three types: noun compounds, verb compounds, and adjective compounds. To analyze the meanings, the study uses Booij’s (2007) theory, which explains two kinds of meaning in compounds: endocentric and exocentric. The data for this research are taken from all twelve songs on the album. The results show that the lyrics include all three types of compound words. The meanings found in the compounds include both endocentric and exocentric types. These findings are explained using simple written descriptions to give a clear understanding of the compounds found in the lyrics. The analysis shows that the lyrics contain many uncommon compound words, which shows the use of creative and modern language.

This study examines the characteristics of endocentric phrases in the Madurese language as used in the newspaper Madura Satu Hati Untuk Bangsa. The primary focus of the research is to identify the types of endocentric phrases and their formation patterns. This study is significant because the Madurese language, as one of Indonesia's cultural treasures, has unique syntactic characteristics that need to be understood to support its preservation and development. Using a qualitative descriptive method, the research data were collected from news articles, opinion pieces, and other columns in the newspaper. The analysis was conducted based on structural linguistic theory, which emphasizes the relationships between the elements forming phrases. The results show that endocentric phrases in the Madurese language can be classified into two main types: coordinative phrases and attributive phrases. The formation patterns of endocentric phrases reflect a unique combination of free and bound morphemes, as well as grammatical structures that demonstrate harmony between the head and its modifiers. The study found that the characteristics of endocentric phrases in Madurese display certain similarities and differences with Indonesian, particularly in grammar and word order. The findings of this study not only enrich the linguistic documentation of the Madurese language but also provide valuable insights for the broader development of regional language studies.

Phrases can start with a preposition or a verb and also can just be the subject.  Phrases are in a syntactic function which is formed from a combination of words.  Often found in the text in a sentence, for example, is one of which is in the Book-Based Play and Learning Guide for Early Childhood Teachers.  This study discusses the analysis of the use of phrases in the textbook.  The aim is to find out the relevance of the sentence study of the types of phrases contained in book-based play and study guides for early childhood teachers.  This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The data collection method uses observation techniques and examines how the language is applied, and the note-taking method is also used to record the structure being analyzed.  This study found that there are 3 verb phrases, 3 adjektiva phrases, 3 numeral phrases, 3 noun phrases, 3 exocentric phrases, and 3 endocentric phrases.  One of the benefits of this research is that we understand more about the types of phrases in each sentence.

News texts have an important role in life. Each sentence in the news text contains one or more information depending on the type of sentence used. The length of sentences in a news text makes it difficult for readers to digest the information presented. For this reason, this research is more focused on analyzing the phrases and sentences contained in news text excerpts. The goal is to make it easier for readers to understand the information in a sentence. Theoretically, this research is useful for adding insight into several types of phrases and sentences in Indonesian. The practical benefits obtained are in the form of ease in determining the core information of a phrase or sentence in a news text. This research is descriptive qualitative research that uses a pragmatic approach. The theoretical approach used in this research is the syntactic approach. The data used is in the form of news text excerpts from class VII Indonesian books which are suspected of having endocentric and exocentric phrases as well as single sentences and compound sentences. Retrieval of research data using literature study techniques, namely observing and noting. The data was then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman technique combined with the distribution method in sorting the data. The results of this study are presented informally. From the research results of five news texts in class VII Indonesian books, 50 data were found which included 7 coordinating endocentric phrases, 10 attributive endocentric phrases, 4 appositive endocentric phrases, 9 directive exocentric phrases, 2 non-directive exocentric phrases, and 8 single sentences and 10 sentences compound.

This study aims to describe the use of endocentric and exocentric phrases in the news “Kapolri Larang Polisi Tilang Manual” in the digital newspaper Detik.com October 2022 edition. The descriptions in this study include, patterns and forms of endocentric and excocentric phrases. This research conducts a qualitative descriptive method. The data is gained from the news “Kapolri Larang Polisi Tilang Manual” in the digital newspaper Detik.com October 2022 edition. All of endosentric and excocentric phrases from the news “Kapolri Larang Polisi Tilang Manual” in the digital newspaper Detik.com October 2022 edition were the object this study. The  data collection techniques that used in this study are reading and note-taking techniques. The data analysis technique is descriptive analysis technique. The result of this research is that the phrase has various types in it. This study analyzes endocentric and exocentric phrases. The results showed that there were three types of endocentric phrases, namely coordinating endocentric phrases, attributive endocentric phrases and appositive endocentric phrases. The study found two types of exocentric phrases with two types, namely directive exocentric phrases and non-directive exocentric phrases. This research is useful in developing syntactic theory about phrases, especially endocentric and exocentric phrases, and could increase knowledge about types of phrases.