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Sweet orange peel (Citrus x aurantium L.) is an agricultural by-product rich in bioactive compounds including flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and vitamin C with antioxidant and moisturizing potential. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a body lotion using 15% ethanol extract of sweet orange peel obtained by maceration with 96% ethanol. Evaluations included organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, adhesion, spreadability, viscosity, irritation, cycling test, cream type, and DPPH antioxidant activity assessments. The preparation was semisolid, yellow, with a characteristic herbal aroma, homogeneous, pH 8, adhesion time of 4.10 seconds, spreadability of 9.9–11.1 cm, and acceptable viscosity. The preparation caused no skin irritation, remained stable through six cycling test cycles, and formed an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion. Antioxidant activity showed an IC₅₀ of 284.6 ppm (weak category) compared to vitamin C as positive control (IC₅₀ 4.2 ppm). It was concluded that ethanol extract of sweet orange peel can be formulated into a stable and safe body lotion, though further optimization is needed to enhance its antioxidant activity.

Acne (Acne vulgaris) is one of the most common skin problems, affecting 80–85% of adolescents aged 15–18 years, with some cases persisting into adulthood. One of the associated bacteria is Staphylococcus epidermidis, a normal skin flora that can become an opportunistic pathogen. Bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) are known to contain secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and essential oils with antibacterial activity. This study aimed to formulate ethanol extract of bay leaves into ointments with concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30%, test their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis using the disc diffusion method, and evaluate their physical quality (organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, adhesion, and spreadability). Results showed that the ethanol extract of bay leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. The ointments met topical quality standards with pH 5.8–6.9, adhesion time 36–41 seconds, and spreadability 6.9–8.1 cm. Antibacterial activity increased with higher concentrations: 7.8 mm (10%), 12 mm (20%), and 15 mm (30%), although still lower than the positive control (clindamycin, 34 mm). In conclusion, ethanol extract of bay leaves has potential as an active ingredient in topical anti-acne ointments, but further studies with higher concentrations, in vivo testing, and optimized formulations are needed to achieve efficacy comparable to synthetic antibiotics.  

Inflammation is a physiological response to tissue injury, infection, or harmful stimuli, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain. However, excessive or chronic inflammation may lead to tissue damage and degenerative diseases. Long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is associated with gastrointestinal and cardiovascular side effects, highlighting the need for safer natural alternatives. Taro leaves (Colocasia esculenta) are traditionally used to treat swelling and wounds and contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids with potential anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract of taro leaves and determine the most effective dose. An experimental study was conducted using male white mice (Mus musculus) divided into five groups: negative control (Na-CMC), positive control (sodium diclofenac), and three treatment groups receiving extract doses of 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg BW. Inflammation was induced by 1% carrageenan injection. The extract significantly reduced inflammation, with the highest inhibition (84.13%) observed at 75 mg/kg BW, comparable to diclofenac.  

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) is a plant known to contain various bioactive compounds with potential antioxidant properties as well as xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical content, antioxidant activity, and XO inhibitory potential of ethanol extracts from the leaves, stems, and their combination. Phytochemical screening revealed that all extracts contained alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, while phenolic compounds were detected only in the leaf extract and the combined leaf–stem extract. Antioxidant activity assays demonstrated that all extracts exhibited very strong antioxidant activity, with IC₅₀ values below 50 ppm, indicating a significant potential to scavenge free radicals. In the XO inhibition assay at a concentration of 200 ppm, the ethanol extract of lemongrass stems showed the highest inhibitory activity at 81.37%, followed by the leaf extract at 48.08% and the combined leaf–stem extract at 33.65%. Overall, these findings suggest that the ethanol extract of lemongrass stems is the most promising natural source of antioxidants and has the greatest ability to inhibit xanthine oxidase activity, indicating its potential development as a functional ingredient for health applications.

Pacing tawar is one of many plants used in alternative medicine. Pacing tawar is often used as an ingredient in herbal remedies for various ailments. Pacing leaves are effective as a remedy for itching, insect bites, and hair growth. This study aims to identify the presence and class of secondary metabolites in the ethanol extract of pacing tawar leaves to find bioactive compounds that have the potential to have pharmacological and therapeutic activities. Extraction was carried out by the maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent until a thick extract was obtained. Next, phytochemical screening was carried out to identify the content of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids. The test results showed that the extract of pacing tawar leaves was positive for alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and steroids, and negative for flavonoids. The alkaloid test showed a dark pink color change, the saponin test produced a 2 cm high foam for 30 seconds, the tannin test produced a dark green color, and the steroid test showed a faint red ring. Based on these results, it can be concluded that freshwater pacing leaves contain various bioactive compounds that have the potential to be developed as natural medicinal ingredients.

The wild ginger leaves (Costus speciosus) is used by the community as a traditional medicine, with its rhizome being utilized as an antipyretic, diuretic and anti-inflammatory agent. This plant contains secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, quinones, tannins and saponins. This research aims to identify saponin compounds and characterize the moisture content and ash content in the ethanol extract of the white costus (Costus speciosus) leaves. The white costus leaves sample was extracted using the maceration method with 96% ethanol as the solvent. The extraction yielded a rendemen value of 13.3%. Non-specific characterization tests included moisture content and ash content. The results for the moisture content of the white costus leaf simplicia were 3.3%, which meets the quality requirement of not more than 10% according to Regulation of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency Number 32 of 2019. The ash content test result for the simplicia was 0.97%, which also meets the standard requirement of the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia, which is less than 10.7%. Phytochemical screening was conducted to identify the types of compounds contained in the extract. Based on the phytochemical screening results, the 96% ethanol extract of white costus leaves positively contains alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and steroids.

Burn injuries are a significant health problem because they damage the skin’s protective barrier, increase the risk of infection, and may cause severe complications if not treated properly. The healing process is complex and involves several cellular events, in which fibroblasts play a key role by producing collagen and forming granulation tissue. Recently, there has been growing interest in natural, herbal-based therapies for wound care. Tamarind leaves (Tamarindus indica) were chosen in this study because they contain flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, and saponins, all of which have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and tissue-regenerating properties. The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of ethanol extract gel of tamarind leaves at concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, and 10% in promoting fibroblast proliferation and healing of burn wounds in male rats (Rattus norvegicus). An experimental randomized design was used with six groups: normal control, neative control, positive control, and three treatment groups. Clinical observation and histopathological analysis showed that the extract gel accelerated wound closure significantly compared to the negative control. Fibroblast proliferation was higher in all treatment groups, with the 10% extract giving the best result, similar to Bioplacenton. These findings highlight tamarind leaves’ potential as a safe and affordable alternative for burn wound therapy.

Tonic is a preparation thats can stqrengsthen the body and improve stamina. Curcuma zedoaria and Curcuma aeruginosa are known to have phytochemical compunds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannin, triterpenoids, curcuminoid and polyphenols that can function as stimulant and tonics. This studiy aimed to investigate tonic effects of ethanolic extracts of Curcuma zedoaria, ethanolic extract of Curcuma aeruginosa, and their combinations on male white mice (Mus musculus). Curcuma zedoaria rhizome and Curcuma aeruginosa rhizome were extracted using the maceration method for 3 days using 70% ethanol solvent which was then thickened in a waterbath. A total of 35 male mice were divided into 7 groups with different treatments, including negative control (aquadest), positive control (caffeine 100 mg/kgBB), ethanolic exctract of Curcuma zedoaria (600 mg/kgBB), ethanolic extract of Curcuma aeruginosa (600 mg/kgBB), and combination ethanolic extract of Curcuma zedoaria and Curcuma aeruginosa at dosage of 150:450 mg/kgBB, 300:300 mg/kgBB, and 450:150 mg/kgBB. Tonic effect were evaluated using natatory exhaustion and rotarod tests. The natatory exhaustion test is carried out by observing how long the mice swim, while the rotarod test is carried out by observing how long the mice stay on the rotarod apparatus. The data analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test. The results of One Way Anova showed a there were significansts differensce in each groups (p<0,05) with combination of Curcuma zedoaria : Curcuma aeruginosa (150:450 mg/kgBB) yielding the best tonic effect. From the result of Tukey’s followsup test, it showed that the highers the dosae of Curcuma aeruginosa rhizome extracts the better the tonics effects giiven. This suggest that Curcuma aeruginosa has a dominant role in enhancing phsycal endurance in male white mice.

Burns can cause infection, hinder healing, and increase the risk of long-term complications. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa often infect burn wounds in general, infections are treated with antibiotics, but continued use of antibiotics can cause bacterial resistance. Binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia) have potential as a substitute for antibiotics because of their antibacterial properties from active compounds such as alkaloids, polyphenols, tannins, saponins and ascorbic acid. This research aims to activate the antibacterial ability of binahong leaf ethanol extract against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. This research uses an experimental method with a control group design using diffusion and dilution methods at varying concentrations. Statistical analysis of the inhibition zone showed that there was a significance difference of <0.05 between treatment groups. In the solid diluted method, S. aureus obtained an MIC value of 10.5% and a MBC of 11.5%, whereas P. aeruginosa had an MIC of 14.5% and a MBC of 15%. The results showed that the ethanol extract of binahong leaves was more sensitive to S. aureus than P. aeruginosa.  

Dyslipidemia is a health problem characterized by impaired fat metabolism in the body, characterized by changes in blood lipid levels, either increasing or decreasing. This condition is generally seen through increased levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, and decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). This imbalance in the lipid profile, if persisted over the long term, has the potential to accelerate the formation of atherosclerotic plaque on artery walls, which can lead to cardiovascular disease. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of papaya leaf (Carica papaya L.) ethanol extract microcapsules in reducing cholesterol levels in white rats induced by a high-fat diet. The high-fat diet is formulated from a mixture of beef fat, eggs, and lard to increase cholesterol levels in a controlled manner. After the induction phase, the rats were divided into six treatment groups: a negative control group, a positive control group (simvastatin 0.36 mg), and three treatment groups with doses of papaya leaf ethanol extract microcapsules of 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%. The treatment was given orally for 14 consecutive days. Total cholesterol levels were measured before and after treatment to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. The results showed that administration of papaya leaf extract microcapsules significantly reduced cholesterol levels. The 0.50% dose provided the most optimal effect, with a reduction reaching 77 mg/dL, greater than the simvastatin group. However, increasing the dose to 0.75% did not show a significant additional reduction effect, indicating an optimal dose-response point. Therefore, the 0.50% concentration can be considered the most effective dose and has the potential to be developed as an alternative natural cholesterol-lowering therapy. These findings also strengthen the potential use of papaya leaves as a bioactive source to support efforts to prevent and control dyslipidemia.  

Dyslipidemia is a lipid metabolism disorder characterized by elevated levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) accompanied by decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). This condition is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and stroke. One plant with potential as an antidyslipidemic agent is bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum). These leaves are known to contain active compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, and polyphenols that have antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities. The potential of natural compounds from medicinal plants to reduce blood cholesterol levels has gained significant attention in recent years. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of microencapsulated ethanol extract of bay leaves in reducing total cholesterol levels in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by a high-cholesterol diet. The experimental study design employed was a laboratory-based true experimental method with a post-test control group design. A total of 25 male rats were used and divided into six groups: normal control, negative control (high cholesterol diet without therapy), positive control (simvastatin), and three groups treated with bay leaf extract microencapsulates at doses of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75%. The treatment was given for 14 days, then total cholesterol levels were measured using an enzymatic method. The results showed that the group with a dose of 0.75% experienced the highest decrease in total cholesterol levels, namely -70 mg/dL, greater than the simvastatin group (-49 mg/dL). Statistical analysis using One Way ANOVA showed a significant difference compared to the negative control (p < 0.001). These findings indicate that the 0.75% dose of microencapsulated Syzygium polyanthum extract demonstrated an effect equal to or greater than simvastatin. Thus, it can be concluded that bay leaf ethanol extract microencapsulates are effective in reducing total cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic rats. This suggests that Syzygium polyanthum microencapsulation has the potential to be developed as an alternative phytotherapy for cholesterol reduction.

Elevated blood cholesterol levels are known to be a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Hypercholesterolemia can trigger atherosclerosis, which in turn increases the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. One approach to managing cholesterol levels is through the use of natural ingredients with antihyperlipidemic activity. White turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria Rosc) is an herbal plant long used in traditional medicine and contains bioactive compounds such as curcuminoids and essential oils. These compounds are reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as potential as agents for lowering blood lipid levels. Herbal-based therapies are increasingly considered as safe alternatives to synthetic drugs in managing hyperlipidemia. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a microencapsulated preparation of white turmeric ethanol extract in reducing total cholesterol levels in male rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by a high-fat diet. The study was conducted experimentally using 25 rats divided into six treatment groups. The groups consisted of normal controls, negative controls, positive controls using simvastatin, and three treatment groups given white turmeric extract microcapsules at concentrations of 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%. The microencapsulation technique was applied to improve the stability and bioavailability of the turmeric extract. Cholesterol levels were measured before and after treatment. The results showed that the treatment group with the 0.25% concentration produced the most significant cholesterol reduction, from 110 mg/dL to 59 mg/dL. These findings indicate that even at a relatively low concentration, microencapsulated turmeric extract can significantly reduce cholesterol levels in vivo. Therefore, it can be concluded that white turmeric extract in microcapsule form is effective in lowering total cholesterol levels, especially at the 0.25% dose. This suggests that Curcuma zedoaria microcapsules hold promise as a natural therapeutic option for managing hypercholesterolemia and reducing cardiovascular risk.  

Dyslipidemia is a lipid metabolism disorder characterized by an increase or decrease in blood plasma fat levels. This condition includes high levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides, as well as decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In general, dyslipidemia is divided into two types: primary, which is influenced by genetic factors, and secondary, which is caused by other diseases or an unhealthy lifestyle. Dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, making its prevention and treatment very important. In this study, male white mice were used and induced with a high-fat diet to trigger dyslipidemia. The test animals were then divided into six groups: a negative control, a positive control (given simvastatin at a dose of 0.36 mL/day), and three treatment groups with microcapsules of Chinese betel leaf herb ethanol extract (EEHSC) at concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75%. The treatment was administered orally for 14 days. Cholesterol levels were measured before and after treatment using a digital cholesterol tester and laboratory analysis to ensure more accurate results. The results showed a decrease in cholesterol levels with varying percentages in each group. The negative control decreased by 24.8%, the positive control by 36.1%, the 0.25% EEHSC by 24.1%, the 0.5% EEHSC by 34.7%, and the 0.75% EEHSC by 45.5%. This indicates that the 0.5% EEHSC treatment produced cholesterol reductions almost comparable to simvastatin. Interestingly, the highest effect was observed in the 0.75% group, indicating a dose-dependent response. In contrast, the 0.25% concentration only produced a less than optimal effect. Thus, microcapsules of ethanol extract of the Chinese betel leaf herb have potential as an alternative agent for lowering cholesterol levels, particularly in dyslipidemia. These findings suggest that natural-based therapies could complement conventional treatments in managing lipid disorders.

Background: Chinese betel (Peperomia pellucida L.) is an herbal plant rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins that have the potential to be antioxidants, antimicrobials, and antidiabetics. However, the stability and absorption of its active compounds in the body is still a challenge. Microencapsulation technology and  a floating drug delivery sistem (FDDS) can improve the effectiveness and stability of herbal preparations. Objective: This study aims to formulate and evaluate floating microencapsulation preparations containing Chinese betel herb ethanol extract using modern drug delivery technology. Methods: Ethanol extracts were obtained by maceration method and formulated by ionic gelation technique using a combination of sodium alginate and chitosan at three concentration variations (0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75%). The evaluation included morphological analysis with SEM, ex vivo buoyancy test on the stomach of Wistar rats, determination of moisture content, and physical stability test using the cycling test method. Results: Microencapsulation with a concentration of 0.75% showed the most compact and delicate morphology, the lowest moisture content (0.64%), and the best physical stability. All formulations are capable of floating, with the longest buoyancy time at a concentration of 0.25% for 8 hours. There were no significant physical changes after six cycles of extreme temperatures. Conclusion: Microencapsulation preparations of Chinese betel ethanol extract in a natural polymer-based floating system show good stability and potential as an innovative herbal formulation to extend retention time in the stomach.    

This study aimed to identify the secondary metabolite compounds present in the ethanol extract of Plukenetia volubilis L. (sacha inchi) shells through phytochemical screening and LC-MS analysis. The extraction was performed using the maceration method with 95% ethanol as solvent, resulting in a yield of 47.33%. Qualitative phytochemical tests revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, and glycosides in the extract. Further LC-MS analysis tentatively identified several phenolic and flavonoid compounds with known biological activities, including sinapinic acid, 1-o-sinapoylglucose, and azelaic acid from the dicarboxylic acid group. The presence of these compounds highlights the potential of sacha inchi shell extract as a natural antioxidant and antidiabetic agent. These findings support the valorization of sacha inchi agricultural waste as a promising raw material for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.

Flavonoid dalam ekstrak daun ketepeng cina (Cassia alata, L.) terbukti sebagai anti malaria. Ekstrak etanol daun ketepeng cina (EEDKC) dikembangkan menjadi Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDS) karena kelarutannya yang rendah dalam air dan kurang stabil dalam kondisi penyimpanan. Penggunaan ekstrak dalam sediaan juga memiliki kekurangan dalam hal absorbsi dan bioavailabilitasnya yang rendah. Namun hal tersebut dapat diatasi dengan memformulasikan EEDKC menjadi sediaan SEDDS. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk menentukan pengaruh dari fase minyak, surfaktan, dan kosurfaktan terhadap formulasi SEDDS EEDKC dan mengkarakterisasinya pada respon parameter waktu emulsifikasi dan % transmitan sehingga memperoleh komposisi yang optimum pada formula SEDDS EEDKC. Pembuatan SEDDS EEDKC dimulai dari uji kelarutan berupa uji pendahuluan kelarutan EEDKC pada minyak, surfaktan, dan kosurfaktan dengan pseudoternary diagram untuk mengidentifikasi area terbentuknya SEDDS yang isotropik. Optimasi formula SEDDS EEDKC menggunakan perangkat lunak Design Expert versi 12 dengan model desain D-Optimal Mixture Design. Dan parameter karakteristik yang diuji adalah waktu emulsifikasi, % transmitan, extract loading, dan stabilitasnya secara termodinamika. Hasil formulasi yang optimal untuk SEDDS EEDKC yaitu 10,00% minyak jagung sebagai fasa minyak; 59,82% Cremophor RH 80 sebagai surfaktan dan 30,18% Transcutol CG sebagai ko-surfaktan. Karakterisasi formula optimum SEDDS EEDKC memiliki waktu emulsifikasi 30,18 detik, nilai transmitan 66,00%.

Inflammation is a response to tissue damage due to various adverse stimuli, both chemical and mechanical stimuli and infections. One of the chemical compounds found in henna leaves is flavonoids that are efficacious as anti-inflammatory. The aim of the study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effectiveness of water henna leaf extract reviewed from a decrease in udem volume in the soles of the feet of male white rats induced by carrageenan 1%. The research method used was experimental on simplicia and ethanol extract of henna leaf (EEDPA) as well as testing the anti-inflammatory effectiveness of EEDPA. Testing of the anti-inflammatory effect was carried out on 30 male white mice induced with 1% carrageenan subplantarly. The test animal group was divided into five groups consisting of a positive group given Na-diclofenac, a negative control group given CMC, and a test group of water henna leaf ethanol extract at doses of 200 mg/kgBB, 400 mg/kgBB and 800 mg/kgBB. The parameters observed in this study were the volume of the leg udem of the test animal which was measured with a Plethysmometer every 6 hours. The data obtained was then calculated as the percent of inflammation and the percent of inflammation inhibition. Analyzed with One Way ANOVA with a 95% confidence rate. The results of the effectiveness test showed that EEDPA had an anti-inflammatory effect in carrageenan-induced male white rats. Optimal effectiveness indicated by the dose showed that EEDPA at a dose of 800 mg/kgBB

Indonesia, considered the country with the second-highest level of biodiversity in the world after Brazil, possesses extraordinary biological wealth that remains underutilized. The field of traditional medicine utilizes natural resources to prevent and treat physical and mental disorders. Periwinkle, or Catharanthus roseus, is one of the most widely used plants due to its abundance of bioactive phytochemicals, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. The ethanol extract from Periwinkle leaves has the potential to act as a natural antipyretic agent that can reduce body temperature during fever. The purpose of this study is to review and analyze previous research findings on the antipyretic effects of ethanol extract from Periwinkle leaves on mice (Mus musculus). According to a literature review from various sources, the ethanol extract of Periwinkle leaves demonstrates a comparable level of effectiveness to synthetic antipyretic drugs in lowering the body temperature of fever-induced mice. Furthermore, the content of active compounds and the antipyretic performance of this plant are influenced by its variety and environmental factors. Body temperature begins to decrease one hour after extract administration and reaches its peak reduction at the third hour. Therefore, Periwinkle may serve as an alternative natural antipyretic remedy. However, further research is necessary to standardize its usage and conduct clinical trials on humans.

Pain is the body's response to tissue damage that is often addressed using analgesic compounds. Purslane plants (Portulaca oleracea L) are known to contain flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids that have potential as analgesics. This study aims to test the analgesic effectiveness of purslane ethanol extract by writhing test method using white mice (Mus musculus) induced by 1% acetic acid. A total of 15 mice were divided into 5 treatment groups, namely negative control, positive control (paracetamol), and three groups with doses of purslane extract 200 mg/kgBB, 400 mg/kgBB, and 800 mg/kgBB. The number of writhes was observed every 15 minutes for 1 hour, and the percentage of protective power was calculated. The results showed that the dose of 800 mg/kgBB gave the highest analgesic effect with a percent protection power of 65.28%, followed by doses of 400 mg/kgBB (52.4%) and 200 mg/kgBB (30.6%). The highest analgesic effect was achieved at a dose of 800 mg/kgBB, almost equivalent to the positive control. This shows the significant potential of purslane ethanol extract as an analgesic agent.

This study explored the analgesic effectiveness of ethanol extract of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) in white rats (Mus musculus L.) induced with acetic acid. A total of 15 rats were divided into five groups with different treatments, and the number of twitching movements as a pain response was measured for one hour. The extract was prepared using 96% ethanol solvent, and the analgesic effect was analyzed using the writhing test method. The results showed that the extract contained flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins, which might contribute to its analgesic properties. It was found that the higher the dose of extract administered, the greater the inhibition of pain that occurred, with a dose of 800 mg/kgBB showing optimal analgesic effectiveness, almost equivalent to paracetamol as a positive control. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between treatment groups, with doses of 200 mg/kgBB and 400 mg/kgBB showing lower effectiveness. This study recommends further exploration of the therapeutic benefits of red betel leaf extract and formulation development for wider medical applications.