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Limbah kulit Jeruk peras , yang sering dibuang dan menimbulkan masalah lingkungan, sebenarnya memiliki potensi besar untuk dimanfaatkan kembali. Kulit Jeruk peras  mengandung minyak atsiri yang dapat diolah menjadi reed diffuser, pengharum ruangan alami yang ramah lingkungan. Namun, pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pemanfaatan kulit Jeruk peras  masih terbatas. Siswa SMA, sebagai generasi muda yang sedang mempersiapkan diri untuk dunia kerja atau wirausaha, dapat memainkan peran penting dalam mengembangkan inovasi ini. Melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan, siswa SMA dapat mempelajari proses pembuatan reed diffuser dari kulit Jeruk peras , mulai dari ekstraksi minyak atsiri hingga pengemasan produk. Hal ini tidak hanya melatih keterampilan teknis dan kreativitas, tetapi juga membuka peluang kewirausahaan. Pemanfaatan kulit Jeruk peras  untuk reed diffuser sejalan dengan prinsip ekonomi sirkular dan pembangunan berkelanjutan, yang menekankan pemanfaatan sumber daya secara efisien. Dengan menguasai keterampilan ini, siswa SMA dapat berkontribusi dalam mengurangi limbah organik sekaligus menciptakan produk bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Ini juga mendukung visi pendidikan SMA untuk menciptakan lulusan yang kompeten, kreatif, dan siap bersaing di dunia kerja. Pengabdian masyarakat kali ini dilaksanakan di SMA Islam 1 Surakarta, Kota Surakarta.

The development of digital technology has driven significant economic transformation in various countries, including Muslim countries. Economic digitalization offers various opportunities, such as increased transaction efficiency, expanded market access, and strengthened financial inclusion. However, this development also presents various challenges, such as low Islamic financial literacy, the risk of technology misuse, and the emergence of economic practices inconsistent with Islamic principles. This study aims to analyze the role of Islamic economic values ​​in supporting the economic resilience of communities in Muslim countries in the digital era. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach with library research methods. Data were obtained from various literature sources, such as scientific journals, books, academic articles, and reports relevant to Islamic economics, economic resilience, and the digital economy for the 2021–2026 period. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis techniques through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results show that Islamic economic values, such as justice, honesty, trustworthiness, and the prohibition of riba (usury), gharar (gharar), and maysir (gambling), play a crucial role in creating more transparent, ethical, and sustainable digital economic activities. Furthermore, the development of Sharia-compliant fintech, Sharia-compliant digital financial services, and Sharia-compliant business platforms also supports increased financial inclusion and community economic resilience. Therefore, integrating digital technology and Islamic economic values ​​can be a strategy for strengthening the economic resilience of communities in Muslim countries.

The Society 5.0 era brings major changes in various aspects of life, including the economic and financial systems. The integration of digital technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, and Financial Technology (Fintech) has created both opportunities and challenges for the development of the sharia economy. This article aims to: (1) analyze the challenges of the sharia economy in the Society 5.0 era, (2) identify opportunities that can be utilized to strengthen the sharia economy, and (3) formulate strategies for strengthening the sharia economy based on digital transformation and the maqashid sharia. This research uses a qualitative approach through literature study (library research) by analyzing various journals, books, reports of sharia financial institutions, and relevant official documents. The results show that the sharia economy faces challenges in the form of low sharia financial literacy, limited human resources, unequal access to technology, and regulations that are not yet fully adaptive to digital developments. However, Society 5.0 also opens up significant opportunities through the development of Islamic Fintech, the digitalization of the halal industry, the optimization of digital zakat and waqf, and the strengthening of Islamic financial inclusion. Therefore, strategies to strengthen the Islamic economy need to be implemented through increasing Islamic digital literacy, developing an Islamic Fintech ecosystem, strengthening Governance based on the principles of Islamic principles (maqasid) and synergy between the government, academia, industry, and the community.

This research aims to analyze the gap between the profit-sharing principle as the normative foundation of Islamic economics and the risk management practices applied in sharia cooperatives, considering the ongoing inconsistencies in the implementation of the risk-sharing principle. The research method employs a qualitative approach thru literature study with thematic and comparative analysis techniques on relevant academic literature. The results and discussion indicate that sharia cooperatives tend to adopt a conventional risk management paradigm oriented toward institutional stability, thereby triggering the dominance of non-profit-sharing contracts and the shift of the concept of risk sharing to risk shifting in operational practices. The gap is influenced by structural factors, including limitations in managerial capacity, information asymmetry, potential moral hazard, and pressures of institutional sustainability. This study concludes that the risk management practices of sharia cooperatives do not fully reflect the principles of Islamic economics, thus necessitating a reconstruction of a more integrative and contextual risk management model. As a suggestion, sharia cooperatives need to develop a risk management framework based on risk sharing that is adaptive to operational risks without disregarding the values of justice and partnership as the main characteristics of Islamic economics.

Latar Belakang: Kehilangan seluruh gigi (complete edentulism) dapat menyebabkan gangguan fungsi mastikasi, fonetik, estetika, serta menurunkan kualitas hidup dan kepercayaan diri pasien. Gigi tiruan lengkap (GTL) berbahan resin akrilik masih menjadi pilihan rehabilitasi yang banyak digunakan karena memiliki sifat estetik yang baik, mudah dimanipulasi, dan relatif ekonomis. Laporan Kasus: Seorang pasien perempuan berusia 42 tahun datang ke Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Soelastri Surakarta dengan keluhan kehilangan seluruh gigi pada rahang atas dan rahang bawah sejak tiga tahun yang lalu. Pasien mengalami kesulitan mengunyah, berbicara, dan merasa kurang percaya diri terhadap penampilannya. Pemeriksaan klinis menunjukkan kondisi edentulous lengkap pada kedua rahang disertai penurunan dimensi vertikal wajah. Rencana perawatan berupa pembuatan gigi tiruan lengkap berbahan resin akrilik heat-cured. Tahapan perawatan meliputi pencetakan anatomis dan fisiologis, pembuatan sendok cetak individual, pencatatan hubungan rahang, penyusunan gigi tiruan, try-in, insersi, serta evaluasi pasca pemasangan. Hasil: Setelah pemasangan gigi tiruan lengkap, diperoleh retensi dan stabilisasi yang baik, oklusi yang harmonis, serta perbaikan fungsi mastikasi, fonetik, dan estetika. Pada evaluasi satu minggu pasca-insersi, pasien tidak mengeluhkan rasa sakit maupun ketidaknyamanan, kondisi jaringan pendukung dalam keadaan sehat, dan pasien menyatakan puas terhadap hasil perawatan. Kesimpulan: Rehabilitasi pasien edentulous lengkap menggunakan gigi tiruan lengkap resin akrilik memberikan hasil klinis yang baik dalam mengembalikan fungsi pengunyahan, bicara, dan estetika. Keberhasilan perawatan dipengaruhi oleh ketepatan prosedur klinis, kualitas pembuatan gigi tiruan, serta kerja sama yang baik antara dokter gigi dan pasien.

The rapid development of digital service platforms, particularly online motorcycle taxi services, has transformed modern economic transaction patterns, where the relationship between drivers and consumers is categorized as an ijarah (service lease) contract. However, in practice, various forms of breach of contract (wanprestasi) frequently occur and potentially harm one of the parties. This study aims to analyze the concept of the ijarah contract, identify the forms of wanprestasi, and review them based on Sharia Economic Law principles. This qualitative normative research employs a literature-based approach, utilizing secondary data from classical fiqh books, DSN-MUI fatwas, the Indonesian Civil Code, and reputable academic journals, which are analyzed descriptively-analytically. The findings reveal that breaches occur in three typologies: unilateral cancellation by consumers (ta'addi), negligence and fictitious account manipulation by drivers (taqshir and tadlis), and disproportionate cancel fee policies by platforms, indicating structural dzulm. From a sharia perspective, the settlement of wanprestasi requires compensation (ta'widh) calculated based on actual loss without riba elements, while classifying technical obstacles as force majeure under a fault-based liability approach. This study implies the need to reconstruct the digital ecosystem so that it is not only formally valid but also enforces substantive justice based on maslahah (public interest), al-‘adl (justice), mas,uliyyah (responsibility), and tawazun (proportional balance)

Perubahan iklim menjadi tantangan besar bagi Indonesia yang menuntut keterlibatan berbagai aktor lintas sektor dalam upaya mitigasi dan adaptasi. Program Kampung Iklim (ProKlim) hadir sebagai pendekatan berbasis komunitas, namun implementasinya masih terkendala minimnya keterlibatan sektor swasta secara sistematis serta terbatasnya koordinasi antaraktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran sektor swasta dalam implementasi ProKlim di Kampung Kayu Ara Permai menggunakan kerangka collaborative governance. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan studi dokumentasi dengan validitas triangulasi sumber dan metode. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sektor swasta menjalankan peran strategis sebagai fasilitator, enabler, penyedia sumber daya, mediator, dan pelaksana kegiatan lapangan. Keterlibatan aktor seperti PHR, CIFOR, SPLP, dan PT ITA berdampak positif secara lingkungan, sosial, ekonomi, dan kelembagaan. Namun, dominasi sektor swasta berpotensi menimbulkan ketergantungan jika tidak diimbangi dengan penguatan kapasitas masyarakat lokal. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan keseimbangan peran antaraktor dan integrasi yang lebih baik dengan kebijakan pemerintah daerah guna menjamin keberlanjutan program jangka panjang.

One key measure of a region's economic growth is the employment rate, as it reflects the ability of the economy to absorb labor and improve community welfare. In Jambi Province, employment opportunities are influenced by several factors, including Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), population growth, and the Human Development Index (HDI). This study aims to analyze the effects of GRDP, population growth, and HDI on employment growth rates across regencies and cities in Jambi Province. The research employs a quantitative approach using panel data regression analysis covering 11 regencies and cities during the period 2017–2023. The findings indicate that GRDP growth, population growth, and HDI simultaneously influence employment levels. Partially, population growth and HDI have significant effects on employment, indicating that improvements in human development and demographic dynamics contribute to labor absorption. Meanwhile, economic growth, as measured by GRDP, has a relatively small negative effect on employment. This suggests that economic expansion does not always generate proportional employment opportunities, possibly due to structural changes and technological developments. Therefore, policies aimed at improving human capital and labor market conditions are essential to support sustainable employment growth in Jambi Province.

Anak merupakan amanah dan generasi penerus bangsa yang harus memperoleh perlindungan secara optimal dari segala bentuk eksploitasi, termasuk eksploitasi ekonomi melalui pekerjaan yang dapat mengganggu tumbuh kembangnya. Meskipun hukum Indonesia telah mengatur perlindungan anak melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak dan Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan, masih ditemukan rendahnya pemahaman anak dan masyarakat mengenai hak-hak anak dalam dunia kerja. Kegiatan penyuluhan hukum ini bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran hukum anak-anak di Panti Sosial Anak Tawangmangu mengenai hak anak, batasan pekerjaan yang diperbolehkan bagi anak, serta perlindungan hukum terhadap praktik eksploitasi anak. Metode yang digunakan berupa ceramah, diskusi interaktif, studi kasus, dan evaluasi melalui pre-test dan post-test. Hasil penyuluhan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pemahaman peserta mengenai hak-hak anak, ketentuan pekerja anak, dan mekanisme perlindungan hukum apabila terjadi pelanggaran hak anak. Penyuluhan hukum ini diharapkan mampu membangun kesadaran hukum sejak dini sehingga anak-anak dapat memahami hak dan kewajibannya serta terhindar dari berbagai bentuk eksploitasi ekonomi dan pelanggaran hak anak.

This community service study investigates a marketing training program implemented by theology students of STT Kadesi Bogor at the GPIA Sidoasri congregation in Sumbermanjing Wetan District, Malang Regency, East Java. The program targeted eighteen women members of the congregation to improve their economic capacity through the marketing of low-cost everyday clothing via three channels: door-to-door sales, a small storefront at the church, and online commerce through TikTok. The study applied a pre- test/post-test design evaluated using the Normalized Gain (N-Gain) method to measure changes in knowledge and skill across five indicators: marketing knowledge, selling skills, online media usage, basic financial recording, and entrepreneurial motivation. Results indicated a moderate-to-high N-Gain across all measured indicators, with an average N-Gain score of 0.656 (moderate category), and the highest individual gain in entrepreneurial motivation (0.76, high category). Sales data over the three-month period (January–March 2025) recorded a total profit of Rp1,967,500 across 345 garments sold, representing an income supplement of approximately 27–35% relative to participants' baseline household income for the most active participants. A marked sales decline in February and March was attributed to seasonal demand shifts ahead of Eid al-Fitr, as consumers redirected purchases toward formal Muslim attire. The program demonstrated that congregation-based economic empowerment rooted in a biblical theology of work, stewardship, and the dignity of labor can yield measurable and holistic socioeconomic outcomes for Christian women in rural communities.

Perkembangan teknologi digital telah merevolusi mekanisme transaksi ekonomi dengan mendorong penggunaan kontrak elektronik sebagai instrumen utama dalam aktivitas e-commerce. Kajian ini menyoroti dominasi klausula baku yang disusun sepihak oleh pelaku usaha, yang mengakibatkan ketimpangan posisi tawar serta berpotensi menimbulkan kerugian sistemik bagi konsumen. Secara empiris, rendahnya literasi hukum masyarakat, kompleksitas bahasa kontrak, serta mekanisme persetujuan instan memperkuat kondisi kerentanan konsumen dalam memahami hak dan kewajibannya. Meskipun kerangka regulasi nasional seperti UUPK dan UU ITE telah memberikan dasar perlindungan, implementasinya masih menghadapi hambatan serius, termasuk lemahnya pengawasan, kesenjangan antara norma dan praktik, serta tantangan yurisdiksi lintas negara dalam transaksi digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif-empiris untuk menganalisis efektivitas perlindungan hukum serta mengidentifikasi faktor penyebab ketidakseimbangan dalam kontrak elektronik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan perlunya rekonstruksi model perlindungan konsumen berbasis keadilan kontraktual yang menekankan transparansi, keseimbangan, dan akuntabilitas dalam penyusunan klausula. Selain itu, integrasi aspek teknologi, desain sistem digital, dan peningkatan literasi konsumen menjadi elemen krusial dalam menciptakan ekosistem transaksi yang adil. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam pengembangan teori hukum digital sekaligus memberikan rekomendasi praktis bagi pembentukan regulasi adaptif guna memperkuat kepercayaan publik terhadap ekonomi digital.

Postharvest handling of leafy vegetables, such as kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala), is crucial for maintaining product quality and market value. This study aims to review the application of sorting and grading processes in improving the quality of horticultural products. The method used is a literature review of scientific journals and relevant references related to postharvest handling of vegetables. The findings indicate that sorting functions to separate damaged and unmarketable products based on physical condition, while grading classifies products into quality categories based on size, shape, and visual appearance. These processes contribute to reducing postharvest losses, improving product uniformity, and increasing market value. Furthermore, proper sorting and grading support quality control and enhance efficiency in distribution and marketing systems. Therefore, sorting and grading are essential components of postharvest management to ensure product quality and market competitiveness.

The high volume of fishery waste often poses an environmental burden if not managed appropriately. Conversely, the circular economy concept offers sustainable solutions aligned with Maqasid Shariah principles in environmental preservation (Hifz al-Alam). This study aims to educate and implement the processing of fish waste into high-quality animal feed that meets halal standards (halalan thayyiban). This research employs a qualitative approach using the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) method. The stages include socializing the concept of Sharia circular economy, technical training on waste processing, and nutritional content testing of the feed. The findings indicate an 80% increase in community understanding regarding the economic value of waste. Technically, the fish waste processing successfully produced an alternative animal feed with high protein content, free from najis (impurity) through a purification process according to Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). This education proves that the integration of circular economy and Sharia principles not only reduces environmental impact but also creates sustainable economic added value for local communities.

The high volume of fishery waste often poses an environmental burden if not managed appropriately. Conversely, the circular economy concept offers sustainable solutions aligned with Maqasid Shariah principles in environmental preservation (Hifz al-Alam). This study aims to educate and implement the processing of fish waste into high-quality animal feed that meets halal standards (halalan thayyiban). This research employs a qualitative approach using the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) method. The stages include socializing the concept of Sharia circular economy, technical training on waste processing, and nutritional content testing of the feed. The findings indicate an 80% increase in community understanding regarding the economic value of waste. Technically, the fish waste processing successfully produced an alternative animal feed with high protein content, free from najis (impurity) through a purification process according to Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). This education proves that the integration of circular economy and Sharia principles not only reduces environmental impact but also creates sustainable economic added value for local communities.

Pemanfaatan sisa-sisa hasil pertanian di Desa Jabung yang berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan perbaikan tanah masih belum optimal, meskipun ketersediaannya cukup melimpah baik di lahan sawah maupun lahan kering. Hingga saat ini, masyarakat masih memiliki keterbatasan informasi mengenai pemanfaatan biochar sebagai bahan pembenah tanah yang ramah lingkungan dan berpotensi menggantikan penggunaan bahan kimia pertanian. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat Desa Jabung mengenai manfaat biochar dalam meningkatkan kualitas tanah dan mendukung produktivitas pertanian. Metode yang digunakan meliputi penyampaian materi, diskusi interaktif, serta observasi lapangan. Pemilihan metode tersebut didasarkan pada pendekatan pembelajaran partisipatif dan kontekstual sehingga peserta dapat memahami materi secara lebih efektif melalui pengalaman langsung di lapangan. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa lahan yang diberi perlakuan biochar memiliki kondisi tanah yang lebih gembur dan mampu mempertahankan kelembapan lebih baik dibandingkan lahan tanpa perlakuan. Selain itu, pembelajaran lapangan memberikan pemahaman yang lebih nyata kepada masyarakat mengenai proses pembuatan dan pemanfaatan biochar dari sisa-sisa hasil pertanian yang mudah ditemukan di lingkungan sekitar. Dengan demikian, biochar dapat menjadi alternatif yang ekonomis, mudah diterapkan, dan berkelanjutan untuk mendukung perbaikan kualitas tanah serta peningkatan hasil pertanian.

Student cooperatives in Islamic boarding schools are no longer merely understood as business units providing daily necessities, but have developed into socio-economic spaces that shape independence, trust, and Islamic entrepreneurship education among students. This study is motivated by the limited number of studies examining pesantren cooperatives as socio-religious processes that cultivate values of trustworthiness, responsibility, transparency, and cooperation in students’ daily lives. The study aims to explain the empirical practices of student involvement in cooperative management, the social relations formed through economic activities in pesantren, and their implications for Islamic entrepreneurship education and the strengthening of pesantren economic independence. This research employed a qualitative approach with a field study method conducted at Pondok Pesantren Modern Elfira 2 Purwokerto. Data were collected through observation, interviews with cooperative administrators and student managers, and documentation of financial reports and cooperative operational activities. The findings reveal that students are directly involved in managing goods inventory, customer service, digital financial recording, and the distribution of daily necessities within the pesantren environment. These practices foster values of trustworthiness, transparency, responsibility, and cooperation through supervision systems, work shift arrangements, and daily evaluations. In addition to strengthening the pesantren’s economy, the cooperative also functions as a medium for experiential Islamic entrepreneurship learning. This article contributes to the sociology of Islamic education by demonstrating that student cooperatives function as socio-economic laboratories that shape students’ independence, social trust, and Islamic entrepreneurial ethics within the everyday life of pesantren communities.

This research aims to examine the cultivation system of porang as an intercrop in pine forests, analyze production costs, revenue, and income, as well as assess the feasibility of porang farming in Jatirejo District, Mojokerto Regency. The research employed a census method with 20 purposively selected porang farmers as respondents. Data were analyzed by calculating production costs, revenue, income, and the Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C). The results showed that most farmers applied the row planting system, which achieved higher productivity (4,507 kg/ha) compared to the random planting system (4,029 kg/ha), as orderly arrangement supports optimal growth. The average production cost in the row planting system was IDR 9,697,833, with revenue of IDR 42,250,000 and income of IDR 32,552,167. Meanwhile, the random planting system incurred an average production cost of IDR 8,369,500, with revenue of IDR 26,437,500 and income of IDR 18,068,000. The R/C ratio of the row planting system was higher, at 4.3, compared to 3.1 in the random planting system. These findings indicate that the row planting system is more profitable and cost-efficient, and porang farming is economically feasible to be developed as an intercrop in pine forests.

The rapid development of financial technology (fintech) in the digital era presents both opportunities and challenges for the Islamic economic system. This study aims to analyze the concept of Islamic fintech, its role in digital economic transformation, and its legal review from the perspective of Islamic economic law (fiqh muamalah). Using a qualitative method with a normative juridical approach, this research examines various fintech models operating on sharia principles—including Islamic peer-to-peer (P2P) lending, digital Islamic crowdfunding, sharia payment gateways, and Islamic robo-advisory—and reviews their compliance with the principles of prohibition of riba (usury), gharar (excessive uncertainty), maysir (gambling), and the requirement of maslahah (public benefit). The results indicate that: (1) Islamic fintech represents a legitimate financial innovation insofar as it adheres to the principles of sharia; (2) the National Sharia Council–Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI) fatwas, particularly No. 117/DSN-MUI/II/2018 on Information Technology-Based Financing Services, provide a regulatory framework but require continuous updating to keep pace with technological developments; (3) Islamic fintech contributes significantly to financial inclusion, particularly for unbanked communities in Indonesia; and (4) challenges related to sharia compliance, data governance, and regulatory harmonization remain critical issues requiring the joint attention of regulators, sharia scholars, and technology practitioners. This study contributes to the development of Islamic economic law theory in the context of digital transformation and provides practical recommendations for Islamic fintech stakeholders.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of legal responsibility by goat farmers in managing waste from Etawa goat farming based on a circular economy model at Nusantara Farm, Sidoarjo. The study employs both normative juridical and empirical juridical approaches, with data collection techniques including literature review, interviews, and field observations.The results indicate that waste management is carried out through direct utilization, such as using livestock manure as organic fertilizer, selling waste, and distributing it to the surrounding community. These practices demonstrate that waste is not disposed of carelessly but rather reused, thereby creating economic and functional value.From a legal perspective, this condition reflects the fulfillment of the farmers' responsibilities in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, particularly in efforts to prevent environmental pollution. Furthermore, these waste management practices partially embody the principles of the circular economy, especially in terms of reuse.However, the current waste management practices remain conventional and are not yet optimally integrated. Therefore, there is a need to develop a waste management model based on an integrated closed-loop system to enhance the economic value of waste while ensuring more effective environmental sustainability.

This community service activity is motivated by the increasing volume of household plastic waste that has not been optimally managed, thus potentially polluting the environment. Utilizing inorganic waste, especially used plastic bottles, as a planting medium is a simple solution to reduce pollution while increasing community creativity. This activity aims to increase community knowledge and skills in utilizing used plastic bottles as a useful and economically valuable planting medium container. The Women Farmers Group (KWT) participated in this activity on May 1, 2026 in Gempol Sari Village, Sepatan Timur District, Tangerang Regency, Banten Province. Participatory Action Research (PAR) strategies were used to carry out implementation techniques, which included socialization, training, direct practice, mentoring, and assessment. Pre- and post-activity tests were given and evaluated using Paired Sample T-Tests to assess the activity. After participating in the training, the level of participant understanding increased, in accordance with the results of the activity. Participants' knowledge increased significantly through this exercise, as indicated by a significant increase in their average post-test score from 92.86 to 78.57 (p < 0.05). In addition, participants were able to independently practice making simple planting media from used plastic bottles. This activity has positive implications for increasing environmental awareness and community creativity, as well as supporting economic empowerment and sustainable environmental management efforts.