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Product distribution is a crucial element of the supply chain system that ensures the smooth flow of goods from producers to consumers at minimal cost and with high reliability. Distribution efficiency not only reduces operational costs but also improves customer satisfaction, market competitiveness, and business sustainability. In the context of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), distribution efficiency becomes even more critical due to limited financial, human, and infrastructural resources. This study aims to analyze the product distribution efficiency of UMKM Kerupuk Jaya Pesona, located in Cinanggung Village, Serang Regency, Banten Province, by applying two classical transportation methods: the North West Corner (NWC) and Least Cost (LC) methods. Both methods were used to determine the allocation pattern that minimizes total transportation cost across three destination regions: Serang, Cilegon, and Pandeglang. The data include three couriers (as supply sources) and three market destinations (as demands), totaling 18,000 product units per distribution cycle. The results show that both NWC and LC methods yield the same total transportation cost of Rp 358,000,000, although their allocation patterns differ. This indicates that the supply–demand and cost structure of the UMKM’s logistics system is balanced. This research concludes that simple optimization methods such as NWC and LC can serve as practical decision-support tools for MSMEs without requiring complex computational models. The study also recommends the application of the Modified Distribution (MODI) method to verify the optimality of the solution and highlights the importance of logistics efficiency in strengthening MSME competitiveness in the digital era.

Additional criminal threats added on top of the main criminal sanctions aim to prevent military members from committing violations. The aim of this research shows that to maintain discipline, the application of additional punishment must remain based on the principles of law and justice. Qualitative research uses a descriptive approach to collect data systematically, factually, and quickly according to the description at the time of the research. The results of this research show that this additional penalty is expected to provide a stronger incentive for military members to comply with established ethics and regulations, maintain military integrity and efficiency, and improve the public's image and trust in military institutions.

The management of production and operations in factory machinery is an optimal management effort in the use of resources consisting of labor, machinery, equipment and raw materials. The production and operations manager directs various inputs in order to produce various outputs or results in units of quantity, quality, price, specific time and location according to consumer demand. Efficiency and effectiveness of the production process to be achieved requires proper scheduling management so that the production output produced can be completed according to target. Management of production and customer orders is still simple, besides that the status of raw material inventories that cannot be directly known can often result in delays in the production process and even production cannot be done as soon as possible. Scheduling orders that enter using the system first in first out where the first order that comes is done, but has not considered the number of orders, priority of customers, maturity of workmanship and engine capacity so that the estimated completion of the order can not be known. To make it more efficient and directed, the Earliest Due Date method is used by sorting the production work based on the closest due date. This method can be used for scheduling on one machine or for scheduling on several machines (parallel machine) so that the scheduling management information system can manage effective production scheduling and produce production reports automatically as needed.

This paper determines by simulation the temperature profiles of a thick carbon fiber/epoxy laminate during its cure process. The one-dimensional model of heat transfer is solved by using a finite difference numerical scheme. In the process, the same physical and thermal properties of materials used by ZhanSheng et al. are employed. The temperature is calculated through a judicious formulation and application of the Alternating Group Explicit (AGE) iterative method developed by Evans and Sahimi. A fourthorder Runge Kutta method is applied for the cure. The AGE scheme proves to be a viable iterative method with respect to stability, efficiency and rate of convergence.