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Earnings management is a form of deviation in the process of preparing financial statements, namely affecting the level of profit displayed in the financial statements. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors that influence earnings management, namely Solvency, Corporate Social Responsibility , Profitability, and Company Size based on the findings of previous studies . The method used is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Data collection related to similar research was obtained from 50 journals from the Google Scholar database with a publication year range of 2023-2025. The results of this study indicate that the factors that have a significant effect on earnings management, namely Solvency, have an effect on earnings management. The greater the level of this solvency ratio , the greater the opportunity for managers to carry out earnings management so that the company can more easily obtain funds from creditors. Corporate Social Responsibility influence on earnings management. Improving sustainability performance through CSR by companies can encourage management to take higher earnings manipulation actions. Profitability influences earnings management. When the higher the profits earned by the company, the higher the Earnings Management practices carried out by the managers. Company ​size influences earnings management. The larger the size of a company, the smaller the opportunity to carry out earnings management.

This study aims to analyze the effect of ownership structure on financial performance in service companies by considering the role of capital structure, earnings management, and company characteristics as intervening variables. The data used in this study comes from the financial statements of service companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during a certain period. The analysis tool used is SmartPls. The results showed that ownership structure has a significant influence on the company's financial performance. In addition, capital structure is also found to have an important role as an intervening variable in the relationship. These findings provide important insights for managers and stakeholders in optimizing ownership and capital structure to improve the financial performance of the firm.

Earning management is a practice used by management to change and control earnings, including actions such as adjustments in order to achieve the results desired by management. Earnings management occurs when managers analyze financia staements and make adjustments in recording transactions in the financial statements to mislead stakeholders about the company’s financial performance or influence contractual outcomes that refer to the numbers listed in the financial statements. This action is often carried out by company managers with the intention of manipulating the information contained in the financial statements, so tha stakeholders get a false understanding of the company’s condition or performance. Earning management is divided into two types, namely Accrual Earning Management and Real Earning Management.    

Earnings management is an act of company managers to influence earnings in financial statements to achieve certain goals. Earnings management actions carried out by company managers will have an impact on the high and low profits presented in the financial statements. This study aims to empirically examine the effect of institutional ownership, profitability, firm size, and leverage on earnings management. The sampling method was used purposive sampling, there was 75 samples of manufacturing companies in the foods and beverages sector that meets the sample criteria with the 2019-2021 observation period. Data analysis technique using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study show that institutional ownership, profitability, firm size, and leverage simultaneously affect earnings management. Partialy profitability variable has a negative and significant effect on earnings management, while the variables of institutional ownership, firm size, and leverage have a negative and insignificant effect on earnings management.