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Background: Stroke is a neurological dysfunction caused by impaired blood circulation to the brain. Stroke can cause disability for survivors, one of which is impaired physical mobility due to weakness in the extremities and decreased muscle strength that can hinder the fulfillment of daily life activities. Range of Motion (ROM) and rubber ball grasping are one of the non-pharmacological ways in providing nursing care to ischemic stroke patients according to evidence-based practice (EBP). Purpose: This study aims to explain the process of providing nursing care with Range of Motion (ROM) interventions and rubber ball grasping for the problem of impaired physical mobility in stroke patients in Mina 1 room of RSUDZA. Method: case study with one patient as the subject with impaired physical mobility. Results: what was obtained during 6 days of intervention was an increase in the patient's muscle strength before and after the intervention, which was initially 1, increased to 4. Conclusion: Physical mobility impairment was resolved because the patient's muscle strength increased much better. Suggestion: It is hoped that Dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh can continue to improve nursing care for stroke patients so that the care provided is more effective and can apply Range of Motion (ROM) and rubber ball grasping as non-pharmacological methods.

Background: Stroke is a neurological dysfunction caused by impaired blood circulation to the brain. Stroke can cause disability for survivors, one of which is impaired physical mobility due to weakness in the extremities and decreased muscle strength that can hinder the fulfillment of daily life activities. Range of Motion (ROM) and rubber ball grasping are one of the non-pharmacological ways in providing nursing care to ischemic stroke patients according to evidence-based practice (EBP). Purpose: This study aims to explain the process of providing nursing care with Range of Motion (ROM) interventions and rubber ball grasping for the problem of impaired physical mobility in stroke patients in Mina 1 room of RSUDZA. Method: case study with one patient as the subject with impaired physical mobility. Results: what was obtained during 6 days of intervention was an increase in the patient's muscle strength before and after the intervention, which was initially 1, increased to 4. Conclusion: Physical mobility impairment was resolved because the patient's muscle strength increased much better. Suggestion: It is hoped that Dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh can continue to improve nursing care for stroke patients so that the care provided is more effective and can apply Range of Motion (ROM) and rubber ball grasping as non-pharmacological methods.

Discrimination in the workplace is a problem that can hinder the creation of a fair and inclusive work environment. Discrimination can take the form of differential treatment of employees based on gender, race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or other factors unrelated to individual performance and competence. To address this issue, the law plays a crucial role in providing employee protection to ensure equality and non-discrimination in the workplace. Various legal instruments, both national and international, regulate employee protection from discrimination, including the Employment Law, the Human Rights Law, and conventions issued by the International Labour Organization (ILO). However, the effective implementation of these regulations remains a challenge, particularly in terms of implementation, enforcement, and employee awareness of their rights. This study aims to analyze the role of law in protecting employees from discrimination in the workplace by examining applicable regulations and the challenges in their implementation. The research method used is a normative juridical method, which focuses on the study of relevant laws and legal principles. The analysis is conducted on national legal provisions and international legal instruments as references for protecting workers from discrimination. Furthermore, this study identifies barriers to legal implementation and offers recommendations to improve the effectiveness of legal protection for employees. This analysis is expected to provide insight into the urgency of regulatory reform and strengthening so that the law can play an optimal role in creating a fairer and more discrimination-free work environment.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most common type of hemorrhhagic stroke and a leading cause of death and disability in Indonesia. The prevalence of stroke in Indonesia reached 0.83% in 2023, with ICH cases at RSUD dr. Soeselo, Tegal Regency recording 203 cases in 2024 and increasing significantly to 304 cases in 2025. This study aims to describe comprehensive nursing care for a patient with Intracerebral Hemorrhage. The method used was descriptive narrative through a nursing process approach. Nursing assessment of Ny. S (73 years old) revealed subjective data including headache, nausea and vomiting, and weakness in the left hand and foot, while objective data showed blood pressure 180/80 mmHg, MAP 113.3 mmHg, muscle strength of left extremities 2/2, and CT scan results showing a hyperdense lesion (volume 17.17 cc) with perifocal edema in the right thalamus and right corona, partially filling the ventricular system. Four nursing diagnoses were established: decreased intracranial adaptive capacity related to cerebral edema, impaired physical mobility related to decreased muscle strength, knowledge deficit related to lack of information exposure, and risk of falls. Nursing interventions included intracranial pressure management, mobilization support, health education, and fall prevention. After three days of nursing implementation, three nursing diagnoses were resolved, while impaired physical mobility was partially resolved, resulting in discharge planning recommendations including ROM exercises, gradual mobilization, and family involvement in patient care.

People with disabilities still face various barriers in exercising their equal rights, including in accessing public facilities and tourism sites. This study aims to analyze the factors that support and hinder the implementation of Cimahi City Regulation No. 20 of 2018 on the Protection and Fulfillment of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, particularly at tourist attractions in Cimahi City. The approach used is qualitative, employing a case study method to explore the phenomenon of policy implementation in depth using various data sources. The research findings indicate that supporting factors include strong legal legitimacy, the local government’s political commitment, coordination across Local Government Agencies (LGAs), the use of social media for outreach, and the involvement of the disability community in the planning process. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors include budget constraints, suboptimal accessibility facilities, a weak database system for disability needs, uneven public outreach, low empathy among tourism managers, and weak enforcement of sanctions. This study implies the need for strengthened oversight, optimization of resources, massive legal education, and a shift in mindset to achieve substantive inclusivity.

This study examines the performance of student administrative services in the Society 5.0 era at the Bureau of Academic Affairs, Student Affairs, and Planning of Gorontalo State University, focusing on scholarship services. It addresses the need for accessible, responsive, transparent, inclusive, and student-centered administrative services in higher education. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. Informants included bureau leaders, scholarship and financial aid administrators, operational officers, and students receiving various scholarship schemes. Thematic analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, while validity was ensured through source triangulation, method triangulation, and member checking. The findings show that accessibility has improved through service counters, websites, social media, WhatsApp, online forms, SIMPEL BAKP, and coordination with faculties and study programs. However, information remains fragmented, digital standard operating procedures are not uniform, and disability-inclusive access is limited. Responsiveness is supported by direct and digital communication, but it lacks a dedicated complaint system, automatic notifications, selection-status dashboards, and real-time disbursement tracking. Service quality is perceived as fairly good because students experience professional, friendly, and fair treatment. Nevertheless, service documentation, procedural standardization, staff training, and humanistic technology integration need strengthening. The study concludes that scholarship administration should be transformed into a centralized, inclusive, responsive, transparent, and student-centered digital-humanistic service model.

Inclusive education aims to provide equal learning opportunities for all students, including those with special needs, within regular educational settings. However, mathematics learning in inclusive classrooms remains challenging because mathematical concepts are often abstract and require logical reasoning that may not be easily accessible to learners with diverse cognitive characteristics. Ethnomathematics has emerged as an alternative approach by integrating cultural practices, local wisdom, and students’ daily experiences into mathematics instruction, creating more meaningful and accessible learning environments. This study aims to analyze the development, implementation patterns, opportunities, and research gaps related to ethnomathematics in inclusive mathematics learning. A literature review method was employed by examining scientific publications from 2020–2025 obtained from Google Scholar, Scopus, ERIC, Springer, and ProQuest databases. Data were analyzed through content analysis involving reduction, classification, interpretation, and synthesis. The findings indicate that ethnomathematics has been implemented through cultural artifacts, digital teaching materials, and project-based contextual learning. The approach supports inclusive learning through multi-representational access, instructional adaptations, scaffolding strategies, and collaborative teaching practices aligned with Universal Design for Learning principles. Furthermore, ethnomathematics enhances students’ motivation, conceptual understanding, mathematical literacy, and cultural identity. Nevertheless, studies focusing on disability-specific adaptations and long-term learning outcomes remain limited and require further investigation.

Persons with disabilities often face negative stigma and challenges in developing their potential due to limited access to appropriate education and training. Despite the growing body of literature on disability empowerment, existing studies have predominantly focused on hard skill development and economic outcomes, while the role of social skills programs in facilitating broader social integration remains underexplored. This study aims to analyze the empowerment and social skill development of persons with disabilities through programs implemented by the Sahabat Difabel Community, employing the theory of secondary socialization proposed by Berger and Luckmann (1966) and the critical pedagogy framework of McLaren (2010). Using a descriptive qualitative method, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation from November 2024 to June 2025 in Semarang. The findings indicate that the community provides both hard skill and soft skill training to support the independence and social skills of persons with disabilities. This potential-based empowerment model emphasizes social inclusion and work readiness while complementing the role of families in fostering independence. The study recommends further collaboration among communities, families, private institutions, and the government to create an inclusive environment that supports the development of persons with disabilities.

The Family Hope Program (Program Keluarga Harapan/PKH) is Indonesia's primary conditional cash transfer (CCT) scheme for poverty alleviation. This study examines PKH effectiveness in improving household welfare among beneficiaries in Oebobo District, Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), employing a Three-Stage Least Squares (3SLS) simultaneous equation approach. The analysis integrates a Gender Equality, Disability, and Social Inclusion (GEDSI) perspective to evaluate Access, Participation, Control, and Benefit (APCB) dimensions for vulnerable groups. A mixed-methods explanatory sequential design was applied to 151 beneficiary households selected via proportional sampling across three urban sub-districts. The 3SLS estimations establish that targeting accuracy (X1) and economic empowerment (X3) are the most significant determinants of PKH effectiveness; PKH effectiveness (Y1) strongly shapes household governance (Y2) through the Family Capacity Building Meetings (P2K2) mechanism; and PKH effectiveness is the dominant determinant of household welfare (Y3), with a near-unity coefficient (β=0.97). GEDSI analysis reveals that female-headed households, the elderly, and persons with disabilities face compounding vulnerabilities inadequately addressed by current program design. The study recommends strengthening data verification systems, embedding economic empowerment as a core pillar, and adopting differentiated targeting based on intersectional vulnerability profiles.

For every child to receive an equal education, inclusive education at the early childhood education (PAUD) level is a strategic step. The purpose of this study is to thoroughly study the basic concepts of inclusive education in early childhood, identify various types of specific challenges for Children with Special Needs (ABK) in regular classes, and evaluate how effective the use of inclusive learning methods is in optimizing child development. This study uses a literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach. Secondary data were analyzed using content analysis. According to the study, teachers in regular classes face multidimensional characteristics of ABK. These obstacles include visual impairment, deafness, mental retardation, physical disability, emotional retardation/ADHD, autism, and exceptional intelligence. To overcome these problems, it has been proven that the use of assistive technology, a more flexible curriculum, individualized learning programs (IPC) based on initial assessment, varied teaching methods, and a friendly environment can be helpful. This study shows that teachers are not the only key to the success of inclusive education. This requires strong multi-stakeholder collaboration between the government, schools, special education teachers (GPK), professionals, and parents to address facility challenges and eliminate existing stigma in the field.

This study examines the phenomenon of cyberbullying against people with disabilities in the comment column of the TikTok platform through a forensic linguistic perspective. The focus of the research is directed at the form of speech used by the perpetrator in carrying out verbal attacks. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach based on John Searle's speech action theory. Data was collected from comments that contained indications of cyberbullying and analyzed based on speech categories. The results showed that cyberbullying was dominated by assertive (22 findings) and expressive (14 data) speech, with the category of insults as the main instrument of verbal attack. The dominance of assertive speech and expressive insults proves that the perpetrator consciously uses statements to demean people with disabilities, either through derogatory jokes or with explicit intent to insult. These findings confirm that language in the digital space not only serves as a means of communication, but can also be an instrument of symbolic violence that impacts the dignity of the individual. This research is expected to contribute to the development of forensic linguistic studies and become the basis for efforts to prevent and handle cyberbullying against vulnerable groups on social media.

Background: Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability, especially in the elderly population. The impact of stroke is not only limited to physical activity, but also greatly affects the psychosocial condition of the sufferer. From a psychological aspect, stroke sufferers often experience various complex emotional disorders. Research tends to be deep sadness, anger, disappointment, and feelings of helplessness. One of the significant psychosocial problems experienced by stroke survivors is a decrease in low self-esteem. Methods: The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach. The data source in this study came from informants. This research was conducted at Royal Prima Hospital, Jambi City. Results: Based on the results of the research that has been conducted, it was found that stroke patients experience various psychological changes due to physical limitations that arise after having a stroke. Family support is the most influential factor in the psychological condition of stroke patients.  Families who always accompany patients are able to help patients accept sick conditions and increase patient morale during the rehabilitation process. However, the results of the study show that psychological support from nurses is still not fully optimal. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, stroke patients experience psychological changes such as feeling embarrassed, insecure, feeling a burden on the family, withdrawing from the social environment, and losing their zest for life due to physical limitations. This condition shows that the stroke has an impact not only on the physical, but also on the psychological of the patient. Family support in the form of attention, motivation, affection, mentoring, and medical assistance is very helpful in increasing the patient's enthusiasm and confidence during rehabilitation. Nurses also play a role in the recovery process through health education, motivation, and treatment assistance. However, emotional support and therapeutic communication from nurses are still not optimal because services are more focused on medical measures.

Children with intellectual disabilities experience limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive abilities, which impact their independence in daily activities, including buttoning clothes. This skill requires fine motor coordination, concentration, and a proper understanding of task sequences. This case study aims to determine the effectiveness of button board play therapy in improving fine motor skills in children with intellectual disabilities. The method used was descriptive with a case study approach involving two children with moderate intellectual disabilities aged 8 and 9 years at SLB Bhakti Luhur Maumere. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The intervention consisted of button board play therapy conducted for 6 days, with a duration of 15–30 minutes per day, implemented gradually and repeatedly. The results showed that before the intervention, both children were unable to button their clothes independently. After the intervention, there was an improvement in their ability, as the children began to button some buttons (2–3 buttons) with better motor coordination, although they still required assistance and supervision. In conclusion, button board play therapy is effective in gradually improving fine motor skills and independence in children with intellectual disabilities. It is recommended that the intervention be carried out consistently and involve parents to achieve optimal results.

Obesity is closely linked to the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which are the ledading cause of death worldwide. Obesity in children and adolescents can predict obesity in odutkhood by 80%. Being overweight and obese increases the risk of diabetes by14%, ischemic heart disease by 23% and cancer by 7-41%, and an estimated 35,8 million (2,3%) DALYs (disability-adjusted life years) globally are caused by being overweight or obese. Obesity screening and education on the impact of obesity on adolescents at SMA 16 Bkeasi using the methods of obesity education, diabetes screening, and BMI evaluation on students. Of the 80 students, the majority had a normal BMI (76,25%). However, there were still students who were underweight (10%) and overweight (13,75%). In particular, several students experienced severe levels of underweight and overweight, which are of major concern. The factors causing these conditions are closely related to unhealthy eating habits

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) in the upper trapezius muscle is one of the disorders commonly found in the neck area, characterized by myofascial trigger points (MTrP) in taut bands or tight muscle bands. Kinesio taping (KT) is a non-invasive therapy used in the management of MPS of the upper trapezius to improve neck disability measured using the Neck Disability Index (NDI). However, stronger evidence is still needed regarding the effectiveness of KT in reducing neck disability scores in MPS upper trapezius. This study aims to review and analyze the effectiveness of KT on NDI scores in MPS upper trapezius. The research method used is a systematic review employing PRISMA-P and the PICOS framework. The sample and population of the study consist of articles obtained from databases such as Crossref, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Semantic Scholar. Keywords such as "Kinesio Taping," "Myofascial Pain Syndrome," and "Myofascial Trigger Point" were used. The results of the descriptive analysis of the selected articles showed that KT significantly reduced the NDI value in MPS upper trapezius. In conclusion, KT is effective in improving functional disability in the neck caused by MPS upper trapezius, and KT can be a therapeutic option either alone or in combination with other therapies.

Background: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a condition caused by compression of the median nerve at the wrist, resulting in pain, paresthesia, and decreased hand function. This condition is commonly experienced by individuals who perform repetitive wrist activities. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a combination of neural mobilization exercises and electrotherapy modalities in improving hand function, increasing muscle strength, and reducing pain in a patient with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Methods: This study used a case report design involving a 57-year-old female patient (Mrs. Q) who presented with pain and sensory disturbances in the right hand. The intervention was administered for four weeks and consisted of ultrasound therapy, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), grip strengthening exercises, and nerve gliding exercises. Outcome measures included pain intensity assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), muscle strength evaluated using Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), and functional ability measured using the Wrist Hand Disability Index (WHDI). Results: The evaluation showed a reduction in pain intensity, with resting pain at 0/10, tenderness at 4/10, and movement pain at 4/10. Muscle strength improved from grade 3 to grade 4 based on MMT. Functional ability also improved, as indicated by a 20% reduction in the WHDI score. The combination of these interventions proved effective as a conservative management approach for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Conclusion: The administration of ultrasound, TENS, grip strengthening exercises, and nerve gliding exercises over four therapy sessions in Mrs. Q resulted in decreased pain, increased muscle strength, and improved hand functional ability.

Abstract. The high number of cases of violence against children, particularly children with disabilities, presents unique challenges for law enforcement, especially during investigations. One case that has captured public attention occurred in the Sleman judicial district. A child with a disability was abused in various ways by a caregiver at a daycare center. The research questions addressed in this study are, How does the law enforcement process for cases of violence against children with disabilities (a case study of child abuse in Sleman Regency) proceed at the investigation and prosecution stages; What challenges are encountered in the law enforcement process for cases of violence against children with disabilities at the investigation and prosecution stages? The research method used is empirical legal research, with data sources obtained through direct field research at police stations and district attorneys’ offices. Data were collected through interviews with informants. The research findings indicate that the legal enforcement process for cases of violence against children with disabilities, both at the investigative and prosecutorial stages, proceeds in accordance with procedures up to Stage 1 (the first stage), wherein the investigator submits the case file to the prosecutor’s office, and the prosecutor’s office has returned the case file (P19) to be supplemented in accordance with the public prosecutor’s instructions. The challenge faced is that the victim is no longer proactive regarding the reported case. Keywords: Violence, Children with Disabilities, Daycare, Investigation. Abstrak. Banyaknya kasus kekerasan pada anak, terutama anak dengan disabilitas menjadikan penegakan hukum memiliki tantangan tersendiri terutama pada saat pemeriksaan. Salah satu kasus yang menyita perhatian public terjadi di wilayah hukum Sleman. Anak disabilitas dianiaya oleh pengasuh dari tempat penitipan dengan berbagai cara. Rumusan masalah yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini, yaitu: Bagaimana proses penegakan hukum kasus kekerasan anak disabilitas (studi kasus kekerasan anak di wilayah Kabupaten Sleman) di tingkat penyidikan dan penuntutan; Bagaimana kendala yang dihadapi dalam proses penegakan hukum kasus kekerasan anak disabilitas (studi kasus kekerasan anak di wilayah hukum Kabupaten Sleman) di tingkat penyidikan dan penuntutan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam yaitu penelitian yuridis empiris dengan sumber data melakukan penelitian secara langsung di lapangan, yakni di kepolisian dan kejaksaan. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara narasumber. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses penegakan hukum kasus kekerasan anak disabilitas (studi kasus kekerasan anak di wilayah hukum Sleman) baik di tingkat penyidikan dan di tingkat penuntutan berjalan sesuai prosedur sampai dengan tahap 1 (pertama) yaitu penyidik melakukan kirim berkas perkara kepada pihak kejaksaan dan dari pihak kejaksaan telah melakukan pengembalian berkas perkara (P19) untuk dilengkapinya berkas tersebut sesuai dengan petunjuk Jaksa Penuntut Umum. Kendala yang dihadapi yaitu pihak korban sudah tidak proaktif terkait kasus yang dilaporkan. Kata kunci: Kekerasan, Anak Disabilitas, Rumah Penitipan Anak, Penyidikan.

Background: Anxiety can affect physiological functions in patients prior to surgery, including increased heart rate and respiration, changes in blood pressure and temperature, relaxation of smooth muscles in the bladder, cold and clammy skin, and dry mouth, which may reduce the patient’s energy level. Psychologically, anxiety can lead to increased postoperative pain, delayed wound healing, increased physical disability, and decreased quality of life. One effective non-pharmacological intervention to reduce anxiety is Benson relaxation therapy. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of benson relaxation therapy on reducing anxiety levels in pre operative. Methods: This study used a case study design involving one preoperative patient with anxiety symptoms in the Teratai Ward of Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Hospital, Purwokerto. Benson relaxation therapy was administered for 3 days, twice daily, with a duration of 15 minutes per session. Anxiety levels were measured using the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (ZSAS) before and after the intervention. Results: The patient showed a decrease in anxiety score from 55 (moderate anxiety) to 40 (mild anxiety) after receiving Benson relaxation therapy. Subjectively, the patient reported feeling calmer, more accepting, and motivated. Objectively, there was a reduction in heart rate and physical signs of anxiety. Conclusion: Benson relaxation therapy is effective in reducing anxiety levels in preoperative patients. This intervention can be used as a non-pharmacological alternative to support psychological recovery of pre-operative patients.

Background:Reproductive health education plays a crucial role, particularly for adolescents with disabilities, in maintaining their reproductive health. One effort to reduce menstrual-related problems is by developing hygienic behaviors. Menstrual personal hygiene refers to individual cleanliness practices aimed at maintaining, preserving, and improving personal hygiene and health to achieve physical and psychological well-being through the implementation of hygienic actions during menstruation. Objective; This study aimed to identify factors associated with menstrual personal hygiene behavior among adolescents with disabilities as part of long-term care. Methods:This study employed a correlational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 36 respondents, selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using bivariate analysis with the Chi-square test. Results: The results showed that variables significantly associated with respondents’ menstrual personal hygiene behavior were knowledge (p-value = 0.018), family support (p-value = 0.003), and adequacy of facilities and infrastructure (p-value = 0.003). Meanwhile, self-motivation was not significantly associated with menstrual personal hygiene behavior (p-value = 0.124). Conclusion: Therefore, nurses and healthcare providers are encouraged to enhance reproductive health education, involve families, and promote the provision of disability-friendly facilities to support long-term care for adolescents with disabilities.

Frozen  shoulder or adhesive capsulitis is a chronic condition that causes pain and limited movement in the shoulder joint. Intervention in the early phase (freezing stage) is crucial to prevent more severe functional disabilities, especially in the elderly population. This case study was conducted on a 60-year-old female patient with complaints of pain and stiffness in the right shoulder for one month. Clinical assessment was conducted using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain, Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) for muscle strength, goniometry for joint range of motion, and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) for functional ability. The therapy program was administered in three intervention sessions. After undergoing three therapy sessions, there was a significant reduction in pain intensity, where movement pain decreased from a score of 7 to 5 and pressure pain from 5 to 2. Muscle strength improved from a value of 3 to 4 on the MMT scale. Additionally, the total SPADI score decreased from 66.1% to 50%, indicating an improvement in the patient's functional capacity in daily activities. The multimodal physiotherapy approach has proven effective in reducing pain, increasing muscle strength, and improving shoulder function in elderly patients with early-stage frozen  shoulder. The combination of electro-physical modalities and manual therapy provides more comprehensive clinical outcomes compared to single interventions.